БІОЛОГІЧНА АКТИВНІСТЬ ВИДІЛЕНЬ РОСЛИННОЇ МАСИ ТА ҐРУНТУ З-ПІД ВИДУ ГІСОП ЛІКАРСЬКИЙ (HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS L.)

Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) comes from Mediterranean region. Cultural and wild forms grow in Europe, North America, and the Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones in the Eastern Europe. It is a perennial herbaceous semi-bush that ranges from 50 to 80 cm in height. In the study we performed experimental work on the basis of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv city) and agrarian and biological station of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University (Uman city, Cherkasy region). Allelopathic activity of water soluble (WSS), alcohol soluble (ASS) and volatile secretions (VS) was determined by biological tests (Hrodzynskyi, 1991) – one-day seedlings of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) in the model experiments. Comparative analysis of the activity of water soluble extracts of Hyssop showed that water soluble secretions from both above-ground organs and roots were characterized by high phytotoxicity recorded at the beginning of plant growth. Wheat coleoptiles were more tolerant to secreting; their activity was low in the condition of Kyiv city as well as Uman city. The authors have defined the following results regarding the reaction of winter wheat roots: secretions of all plant organs in the condition of Kyiv city were phytotoxic, but water soluble secretions from roots and stems had a stimulating effect and, on the contrary, secretions from leaves and inflorescences showed inhibitory impact in terms of Uman city. Most of plant ekzometabolites are accumulated in the soil of rhizosphere rhizoplan and contribute to its enrichment with organic compounds and mineral elements and also accumulation of humus. Received results showed dependence between accumulation of phytotoxic substances and soil type and climatic conditions. The conclusions are as follows. Different types of plant secretions of Hyssopus officinalis L. species during a vegetation period are analyzed. The largest number of substances with inhibitory action was localized in leaves and inflorescences. Blossoming phase was a demonstrative phase concerning allelopathic activity. Roots of garden cress were the most sensitive to secretions among selected test-objects. It was found that soil of rhizosphere and space between rows during a vegetation period accumulated colins, content of which depended on environmental factors and secretory functions of plants.Исследована динамика алеллопатичной активности выделений (водорастворимых, спирторастворимых и летучих) из вегетативных и генеративных органов растений и почвы из-под вида Hyssopus officinalis L., при выращивании в почвенно-климатических условиях северной и центральной Лесостепи Украины. Алеллопатичная активность водорастворимых выделений ароматических растений вида иссоп лекарственный (Hyssopus officinalis L.), которые росли на территории Киева, имеют большее количество колинов фитотоксической природы по сравнению с растениями почвенно-климатических условий Умани. Среди тест-объектов чувствительными к ингибиторной активности водорастворимых выделений оказались корни кресс-салата, толерантными были колеоптили пшеницы, а восприятие колинов корнями пшеницы имело видоспецифический характер. Более высокую фитотоксичность проявляли экстракты листьев и соцветий.Досліджено динаміку алелопатичної активності виділень (водорозчинних, спирторозчинних та летких) із вегетативних та генеративних органів рослин та ґрунту з-під виду Hyssopus officinalis L., під час вирощування у ґрунтово-кліматичних умовах північного і центрального Лісостепу України. Алелопатична активність водорозчинних виділень ароматичних рослин виду гісоп лікарський (Hyssopus officinalis L.), що зростали на території Києва, мають більшу кількість колінів фітотоксичної природи порівняно з рослинами ґрунтово-кліматичних умов Умані. Серед тест-об’єктів чутливими до інгібіторної дії водорозчинних виділень виявилися корені крес-салату, толерантними були колеоптилі пшениці, а сприйняття колінів коренями пшениці мало видоспецифічний характер. Вищу фітотоксичність проявляли екстракти листків і суцвіть

The origin of the high velocity circumstellar gas around SN 1998S

Modelling of high resolution Balmer line profiles in the early-time spectra of SN 1998S shows that the inferred fast (roughly 400 km/s) circumstellar (CS) gas on days 23 and 42 post-explosion is confined to a narrow, negative velocity gradient shell just above the photosphere. This gas may be identified with a slow (v < 40 km/s) progenitor wind accelerated at the ejecta-wind interface. In this scenario, the photosphere coincides with a cool dense shell formed in the reverse shock. Acceleration by radiation from the supernova or by a shock-accelerated relativistic particle precursor are both possible explanations for the observed fast CS gas. An alternative, equally plausible scenario is that the fast CS gas is accelerated within shocked clouds engulfed by the outer shock, as it propagates through the intercloud wind.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. MNRAS, accepted. Typos added, acknowledgments correcte

Реалізація новітніх інформаційно-освітніх технологій в медичній галузі

Вимоги, що висуваються до освіти, зокрема медичної, швидко змінюються: крім базових знань і постійного оволодіння новими сучасний лікар-професіонал повинен вміти продуктивно використовувати інформаційні ресурси. Сьогодні від нього вимагається вміння творчо мислити, приймати рішення і вчитися протягом усього життя

Scope and limitations of MALDI-TOF MS blood serum peptide profiling in cancer diagnostics

Serum samples (33 healthy women, 34 ovarian cancer, 28 colorectal cancer, 34 syphilis patients and 136 patients with various benign gynecological diseases) were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS peptide profiling and respective predictive models were generated by genetic and supervised neural network algorithms. Classification models for pathology versus healthy control showed up to 100% sensitivity and specificity for all target diseases. However, the specificity dropped to unsatisfactory 25–40% in case of target versus nontarget disease diagnostics. Expansion of the control group to an artificial “nominal control” group by adding profiles of benign gynecological diseases considerably improved specificity of the models distinguishing ovarian cancer from healthy control and benign gynecological diseases. The suggested version of MALDI-TOF MS profiling of sera could be applied to differentiate between cancers and benign neoplasms of the same localization which is a challenging task for classical methods. To increase the specificity of diagnostic methods based on peptidome analysis of blood samples, it is necessary to identify sets of concrete peptide structures which qualitatively or quantitatively differ among patients with different diseases. © 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Scope and limitations of MALDI-TOF MS blood serum peptide profiling in cancer diagnostics

Serum samples (33 healthy women, 34 ovarian cancer, 28 colorectal cancer, 34 syphilis patients and 136 patients with various benign gynecological diseases) were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS peptide profiling and respective predictive models were generated by genetic and supervised neural network algorithms. Classification models for pathology versus healthy control showed up to 100% sensitivity and specificity for all target diseases. However, the specificity dropped to unsatisfactory 25–40% in case of target versus nontarget disease diagnostics. Expansion of the control group to an artificial “nominal control” group by adding profiles of benign gynecological diseases considerably improved specificity of the models distinguishing ovarian cancer from healthy control and benign gynecological diseases. The suggested version of MALDI-TOF MS profiling of sera could be applied to differentiate between cancers and benign neoplasms of the same localization which is a challenging task for classical methods. To increase the specificity of diagnostic methods based on peptidome analysis of blood samples, it is necessary to identify sets of concrete peptide structures which qualitatively or quantitatively differ among patients with different diseases. © 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Deficit of magnesium and states of hypercoagulation: Intellectual analysis of data obtained from a sample of patients aged 18-50 years from medical and preventive facilities in Russia

The states characterized by pronounced hypercoagulable components (deep vein thrombosis, cardio-and cerebro-vascular pathologies) are caused by multiple pathophysiological factors, including insufficient supply of magnesium (Mg) and other micronutrients. Aim: to present results of analysis of the Institute of Microelements Data Base (IMDB) performed from point of view of interrelationships of Mg deficit and hypercoagulable states in adults treated in medico-preventive facilities of Central, Northwestern, Northern, and Siberian federal districts of Russia. Methods. The analysis was realized as analysis of data obtained in a cross-sectional study. In the cohort of patients (n=1453) formed from the IMBD adequacy of Mg supply was assessed by magnesium levels in blood plasma (Mg BP) (0.69±0.15 mmol / L) and estimates of daily Mg consumption according to dietary diaries (Mg D) (185±90 mg / day). Results. Mg supply was adequate (Mg BP >0.80 mmol / L, Mg D >300 mg / day) in not more than 6 % of patients. Presence of "Hypercoagulation" label in data base was associated with greater number of chronic diseases (2.3±2.1 and 0.83±0.8 with and without this label, respectively, p=0.0006) and elevated risk of the presence on 4 comorbid pathologies (odds ratio [OR] 18, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 10-25, p=0.0006). Mg deficit (Mg BP <0.70 mmol / L) was associated with hypercoagulable states (OR 5.42, 95 % CI 1.83-16, p=0.0006), neurologic pathologies (partial epilepsy, vertigo, alcohol dependence syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder) and pathologies related to chronic inflammation (ulcerative colitis, allergy, ischemic heart disease). Blood hypercoagulation was associated with prescription of drugs capable to provoke hypercoagulable states and simultaneously Mg deficit: androgens and anabolic steroids (OR 4.00, 95 % CI 1.88-8.50, p=0.00008), immunodepressants (OR 5.16, 95 %CI 1.96-13.58, p=0.0002), tetracyclic antidepressants (OR 4.47, 95 %CI 1.54-13, p=0.0026), estrogen containing oral contraceptives (OR 3.3, 95 %CI 1.5-6.2, p=0.0028), and antibiotics (OR 1.80, 95 %CI 1-3.36, p=0.058). Lowered Mg BP levels were associated with augmented sensation of pain, lowering of efficacy of analgesia, and with more pronounced cutaneous lesions. Conclusion. Thus, regular intake of magnesium preparations is indicated for the vast majority of adult patients in medico-preventive facilities especially to those with hypercoagulation and polypragmasy. © 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group.All right reserved

Cosmic ray production in supernovae

International audienceWe give a brief review of the origin and acceleration of cosmic rays (CRs), emphasizing the production of CRs at different stages of supernova evolution by the first-order Fermi shock acceleration mechanism. We suggest that supernovae with trans-relativistic outflows, despite being rather rare, may accelerate CRs to energies above 10^{18}\mbox{ eV} over the first year of their evolution. Supernovae in young compact clusters of massive stars, and interaction powered superluminous supernovae, may accelerate CRs well above the PeV regime. We discuss the acceleration of the bulk of the galactic CRs in isolated supernova remnants and re-acceleration of escaped CRs by the multiple shocks present in superbubbles produced by associations of OB stars. The effects of magnetic field amplification by CR driven instabilities, as well as superdiffusive CR transport, are discussed for nonthermal radiation produced by nonlinear shocks of all speeds including trans-relativistic ones