Self-induced tunable transparency in layered superconductors

We predict a novel nonlinear electromagnetic phenomenon in layered superconducting slabs irradiated from one side by an electromagnetic plane wave. We show that the reflectance and transmittance of the slab can vary over a wide range, from nearly zero to one, when changing the incident wave amplitude. Thus changing the amplitude of the incident wave can induce either the total transmission or reflection of the incident wave. In addition, the dependence of the superconductor transmittance on the incident wave amplitude has an unusual hysteretic behavior with jumps. This remarkable nonlinear effect (self-induced transparency) can be observed even at small amplitudes, when the wave frequency $\omega$ is close to the Josephson plasma frequency $\omega_J$.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Дослідження гіполіпідемічних властивостей естракту імбиру на моделі цукрового діабету 2 типу, індукованого дексаметазоном

Aim. To study experimentally the hypolipidemic properties of Ginger extract against the background of type 2 diabetes.Materials and methods. The study of the hypolipidemic properties of Ginger extract was performed by the lipid metabolism indices on the model of type 2 diabetes induced by dexamethasone in rats aged 18 months.Results and discussion. Experimental type 2 diabetes was accompanied with disorder of the lipid metabolism, it was confirmed by the increase of the content triacylglycerides, atherogenic apoB-lipoproteins with simultaneous reduction of high-density lipoproteins and increased release of free fatty acids from the adipose tissue. Under the effect of Ginger extract in the doses of 50 and 80 mg/kg the level of free fatty acids in the blood serum decreased by 38.4 % and 38.9 %, probably due to correction of insulin resistance manifestations and preservation of the insulin control effect on lipolysis. The reliable inhibition of hypertriacylglycerolemia severity by Ginger extract in the dose of 80 mg/kg by 35.1% correlated with a decrease of apoB-LP production in the liver, and it indicated correction of diabetic dyslipidemia. At the same time, the level of the antiatherogenic fraction – high-density lipoproteins – significantly increased by 26.1 and 29.5 % under the effect of the extract in the doses of 50 and 80 mg/kg, respectively, compared to the values of animals of the control pathology. Ginger extract in the dose of 80 mg/kg showed a more expressive ability to normalize the lipid metabolism at the level of the reference drug – “Arphasetin” herbal medicinal product.Conclusions. Introduction of Ginger extract for 14 days in the doses of 50 and 80 mg/kg on the model of type 2 diabetes induced by dexamethasone was accompanied with a reliable normalization of the lipid metabolism. The use of Ginger extract in the dose of 80 mg/kg is most pronounced at the level of the reference drug – “Arphasetin” herbal medicinal product, corrected the pathological changes in the lipid metabolism characteristic for type 2 diabetes. It allows making a conclusion concerning the feasibility of further studies of the extract exactly in this dose and the prospects of its use as an antiatherogenic drug in the complex treatment of type 2 diabetes.Цель – экспериментальное исследование гиполипидемических свойств экстракта имбиря на фоне СД 2 типа.Материалы и методы. Исследование гиполипидемических свойств экстракта имбиря проводили по показателям липидного обмена на модели СД 2 типа, индуцированного дексаметазоном у крыс 18-месячного возраста.Результаты и их обсуждение. Экспериментальный СД 2 типа сопровождался нарушением липидного обмена, что подтверждалось ростом триацилглицеридов, содержания атерогенных апоВ-липопротеинов при одновременном снижении липопротеинов высокой плотности и усилении высвобождения свободных жирных кислот из жировой ткани. Под влиянием экстракта имбиря в дозах 50 и 80 мг/кг снижался уровень свободных жирных кислот в сыворотке крови на 38,4 % и 38,9 %, вероятно, вследствие коррекции проявлений инсулинорезистентности и сохранения управляющего воздействия инсулина на липолиз. Достоверное подавление выраженности гипертриацилглицеролемии экстрактом имбиря в дозе 80 мг/кг на 35,1 % коррелировало с уменьшением продукции апоВ-ЛП в печени, что свидетельствовало о коррекции диабетической дислипидемии. При этом уровень антиатерогенной фракции – липопротеинов высокой плотности достоверно повышался на 26,1 и 29,5 % под влиянием экстракта в дозах 50 и 80 мг/кг соответственно по сравнению с показателями животных контрольной патологии. Экстракт имбиря в дозе 80 мг/кг проявил более выразительную способность нормализовать показатели липидного обмена на уровне препарата сравнения сбора «Арфазетин».Выводы. Введение экстракта имбиря в течение 14-ти суток в дозах 50 и 80 мг/кг на модели СД 2 типа, индуцированного дексаметазоном, сопровождалось достоверной нормализацией липидного обмена. Применение экстракта имбиря в дозе 80 мг/кг, наиболее выраженное на уровне препарата сравнения сбора «Арфазетин», корректировало патологические изменения метаболизма липидов, характерные для СД 2 типа, что позволяет сделать вывод о целесообразности дальнейших исследований экстракта именно в этой дозе и перспективности его применения в качестве антиатерогенного средства в комплексном лечении СД 2 типа.Мета – експериментальне дослідження гіполіпідемічних властивостей екстракту імбиру на тлі ЦД 2 типу.Матеріали та методи. Дослідження гіполіпідемічних властивостей екстракту імбиру проводили за показниками ліпідного обміну на моделі ЦД 2 типу, індукованого дексаметазоном у щурів 18-місячного віку.Результати та їх обговорення. Експериментальний ЦД 2 типу супроводжувався порушенням ліпідного обміну, що підтверджувалось зростанням триацилгліцеридів, вмісту атерогенних апоВ-ліпопротеїнів за умови одночасного зниження ліпопротеїнів високої щільності та посиленням вивільнення вільних жирних кислот з жирової тканини. Під впливом екстракту імбиру у дозах 50 та 80 мг/кг знижувався рівень вільних жирних кислот у сироватці крові на 38,4 % та 38,9 %, вірогідно, внаслідок корекції проявів інсулінорезистентності та збереження керуючого впливу інсуліну на ліполіз. Достовірне пригнічення вираженості гіпертриацилгліцеролемії екстрактом імбиру дозою 80 мг/кг на 35,1 % корелювало зі зменшенням продукції апоВ-ЛП у печінці, що свідчило про корекцію діабетичної дисліпідемії. При цьому рівень антиатерогенної фракції – ліпопротеїнів високої щільності достовірно підвищувався на 26,1 та 29,5 % під впливом екстракту у дозах 50 та 80 мг/кг відповідно порівняно з показниками тварин контрольної патології. Екстракт імбиру дозою 80 мг/кг виявив більш виразну здатність нормалізувати показники ліпідного обміну на рівні препарату порівняння збору «Арфазетин». Висновки. Введення екстракту імбиру протягом 14-ти діб у дозах 50 та 80 мг/кг на моделі ЦД 2 типу, індукованого дексаметазоном, супроводжувалось достовірною нормалізацією ліпідного обміну. Застосування екстракту імбиру дозою 80 мг/кг найбільш виражено на рівні препарату порівняння збору «Арфазетин» корегувало патологічні зміни метаболізму ліпідів, характерні для ЦД 2 типу, що дозволяє зробити висновок про доцільність подальших досліджень екстракту саме у цій дозі та перспективність його застосування як антиатерогенного засобу у комплексному лікуванні ЦД 2 типу.

Features of disease course of some forms of herpesvirus infection

Among the many factors that directly affect the immune system, infections caused by the herpes virus deserve special attention. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of patients suffering from chronic recurrent herpesvirus infections, which in many cases are accompanied by severe general malaise and a number of therapeutic complaints. Today about 80-95% of the population is infected with Epstein-Barr virus EBV. Primary infection of EBV leads to lifelong persistence of the pathogen with possible periodic reactivation under the action of various immunosuppressive factors, which leads to chronic forms of the disease. EBV can cause chronic manifest and erased forms of the disease, running on the type of chronic mononucleosis. Thus, the study of the nature of clinical and laboratory changes in patients with chronic EBV infection and the peculiarities of the disease is an urgent problem of our time. The aim of this work was to study the features of the course of chronic EBV infection. We performed a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of 128 patients with chronic EBV infection (reactivation period). The diagnosis of chronic EBV infection was established on the basis of medical history, complaints, the presence of specific antibodies to EBV antigens and the detection of virus DNA in the blood. Studies of clinical blood tests of patients with chronic EBV infection and the control group showed differences. Thus, in patients with chronic EBV infection, a significantly elevated ESR level was found - 12.6 ± 1.8 versus 4.5 ± 1.1 inthe control group (p <0.05). The levels of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and platelets did not differ significantly from the control group. In patients with chronic EBV infection, there was a decrease in the level of leukocytes (5.13 ± 0.22) x 109/ l against (6.20 ± 1.8) x 109/l in the control group (p> 0.05), but these changes did not go beyond the norms established for healthy people. Analysis of the leukocyte formula revealed the presence of patients with chronic WEB infection with a significant increase in the relative content of lymphocytes - 42.50 ± 2.0% against 33.70 ± 2.68% (p <0.05) and monocytes - 11.15 ± 0.9% vs. 3.0 ± 0.6% (p <0.05), which was the basis for confirming the presence of a chronic infectious process. In general, 94.8% of patients with chronic EBV infection had lymphocytosis and 82.5% had monocytosis. The relative number of neutrophils in patients with chronic WEB infection averaged 45.35 ± 4.1% against 61.7 ± 3.8% in the control group (p <0.05); the relative number of eosinophils and basophils was within normal limits. When studying the absolute number of lymphocytes and monocytes in patients with chronic EBV infection, there was a tendency to increase them and their level was on average (2.13 ± 0.7) x 109/ l and (0.51 ± 0.08) x 109/ l against (2.39 ± 0.7) x 109/ l and (0.47 ± 0.08) x 109/ l in the control group (p> 0.05). The absolute number of neutrophils in patients with chronic WEB infection was significantly lower than in the control group and was 2.70 x 109/ l versus 4.21 x 109/ l (p <0.05). The study of the absolute number of eosinophils and basophils in patients with chronic EBV infection did not reveal statistically significant differences compared with the control group. Thus, according to the results of our study, we found that patients with chronic EBV infection among the clinical manifestations were most often chronic tonsillitis, chronic fatigue syndrome and peripheral lymphadenopathy. Analysis of the results of laboratory studies revealed a significant increase in ESR, relative lymphocytes and monocytes, as well as a decrease in absolute and relative neutrophils, compared with the control group of patients, indicating a shift in white blood cell count, characteristic of the viral etiology of the disease what associated with the EBV.DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.403896

Supply Chain Infrastructure Development in Russian Economy

Abstract- The article is devoted to the study of the activities of Zemstvo institutions for the development of supply chain infrastructure in the XIX-early XX centuries; identification of the role of the Zemstvo reform in the formation of supply chain infrastructure at the local level. Supply Chain infrastructure provides the means for chain economic entities and firms sharing a common interest to participate in a mutual exchange. Despite the fact that the provision of supply chain services was not among the priorities of the Zemstvos, significant results were achieved. The retrospective analysis allowed us to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the Zemstvo self-government system. The comparative method helped to identify trends in the financial and economic support of Zemstvo bodies at various stages of the Zemstvo reform, and to analyze key indicators of supply chain infrastructure development. It is concluded that the success of the Zemstvo self-government bodies in the development of supply chain infrastructure was due to the availability of significant organizational resources, ensuring sustainable interaction of Zemstvos with the population, active support for local initiatives and the formation of a system of public control. The authors note that the experience of implementing the principle of consolidation of the main directions of management activities for the development of supply chain infrastructure, formed by local authorities, can be in demand in modern conditions and adapted to the current system of local government in Russia for economy efficiency

Вивчення антигіперглікемічних властивостей екстракту імбиру на експериментальній моделі цукрового діабету 2 типу, викликаного дексаметазоном

Topicality. In pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, whose complex of disorders develops against the background of insulin resistance, medicinal plants are used as an important prophylactic and therapeutic additon, which causes the urgency of developing new domestic anti-diabetic herbal medicinal products.Aim. To study the anti-hyperglycemic properties of the extract of ginger on the experimental model of type 2 diabetes induced by dexamethasone.Materials and methods. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was reproduced by subcutaneous administration of dexamethasone at a dose of 0.125 mg/kg to rats for 13 days. Antihyperglycemic effect was assessed on day 14 for the concentration of glucose and insulin in the blood serum and the insulin resistance index.Results and discussion. The results of the study showed that ginger extract in doses of 50 and 80 mg/kg had a pronounced antihyperglycemic effect, which, according to obtained results, is implemented due to its ability to improve the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to the action of insulin, and thus to reduce the manifestations of insulin resistance.The use of the extract of ginger in a dose of 80 mg/kg revealed the most pronounced correction of the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism. The severity of the anti-hyperglycemic effect of the extract of ginger at a dose of 80 mg/kg is comparable to the effect of harvesting Arfazetine.Conclusions. The obtained results justify the expediency of further studying the extract of ginger at a dose of 80 mg/kg as a promising antidiabetic agent.Актуальность. В фармакотерапии сахарного диабета 2 типа и метаболического синдрома, комплекс нарушений которых развивается на фоне инсулинорезистентности, в качестве важного профилактического и лечебного дополнения применяют лекарственные растения, что обусловливает актуальность разработки новых отечественных противодиабетических фитопрепаратов.Целью работы было исследование антигипергликемических свойств экстракта имбиря на экспериментальной модели СД 2 типа, индуцированного дексаметазоном.Материалы и методы. Сахарный диабет 2 типа воспроизводили путем подкожного введения крысам дексаметазона в дозе 0,125 мг/кг в течение 13 суток. Антигипергликемическое действие оценивали на 14 сутки по концентрации глюкозы и инсулина в сыворотке крови и по индексу инсулинорезистентности.                                                                          Результаты и их обсуждение. Результаты исследования показали, что экстракт имбиря в дозах 50 и 80 мг/кг оказывает выраженное антигипергликемическое действие, которое реализуется согласно полученным результатам за счет его способности улучшать чувствительность периферических тканей к действию инсулина и таким образом уменьшать проявления инсулинорезистентности. Применение экстракта имбиря в дозе 80 мг/кг выявило наиболее выраженную коррекцию показателей углеводного обмена. Выраженность антигипергликемического действия экстракта имбиря в дозе 80 мг/кг сопоставима с эффектом сбора «Арфазетин».                                                                                              Выводы. Полученные результаты обосновывают целесообразность дальнейшего изучения экстракта имбиря в дозе 80 мг/кг в качестве перспективного противодиабетического средства.Актуальність. У фармакотерапії цукрового діабету 2 типу та метаболічного синдрому, комплекс порушень яких розвивається на тлі інсулінорезистентності, як важливе профілактичне та лікувальне доповнення застосовують лікарські рослини, що обумовлює актуальність розробки нових вітчизняних антидіабетичних фітопрепаратів.Метою роботи було дослідження антигіперглікемічних властивостей екстракту імбиру на експериментальній моделі ЦД 2 типу, індукованого дексаметазоном.Матеріали та методи. Цукровий діабет 2 типу відтворювали шляхом підшкірного введення щурам дексаметазону у дозі 0,125 мг/кг впродовж 13 діб. Антигіперглікемічну дію оцінювали на 14 добу за концентрацією глюкози і інсуліну у сироватці крові та за індексом інсулінорезистентності.Результати та їх обговорення. Результати дослідження показали, що екстракт імбиру у дозах 50 та 80 мг/кг чинить виражену антигіперглікемічну дію, яка реалізується згідно з отриманими результатами за рахунок його здатності покращувати чутливість периферичних тканин до дії інсуліну і таким чином зменшувати прояви інсулінорезистентності. Застосування екстракту імбиру дозою 80 мг/кг виявило найбільш виразну корекцію показників вуглеводного обміну. Вираженість антигіперглікемічної дії екстракту імбиру дозою 80 мг/кг співставна з ефектом збору «Арфазетин».Висновки. Отримані результати обгрунтовують доцільність подальшого вивчення екстракту імбиру дозою 80 мг/кг як перспективного протидіабетичного засобу

The changes in the amino and fatty acid profiles in the semifinished foodstuffs based on broiler meat and components of chicken eggs after different types of thermal treatment

The changes in the amino and fatty acid profiles in the semifinished foodstuffs (SFFs) based on broiler meat and coagulated chicken egg melange after different types of thermal treatment (water or steam boiling, braising, baking, frying) were studied. The amino acid profiles were determined on Knauer analyzer; tryptophan by standard method. The biological value of the treated products was assessed using amino acid balance coefficients calculated by the method of N. N. Lipatov. It was found that the changes in the initial amino acid profiles of the SFFs were the least after water and steam boiling; braising and baking were found to increase the contents of the essential amino acids. The amino acid profiles in the treated SFFs were close to the reference values. The best criteria of their biological value (coefficient of rationality of amino acid composition, comparable redundance) were found after water and steam boiling. It was found that all types of thermal treatments insignificantly affected the parameters of fatty acid balance within the SFFs; the changes found were primarily related to slight increase in total content of saturated fatty acids and increase in total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in compare to initial profiles, by 2.64–3.88% depending on the treatment type. The changes in ω‑6/ω‑3 PUFAs ratios were more substantial especially after braisin

Experimental rationale of selection of the hypoglicemic dose of ginger dry extract on normoglycemic rats

Modern regimens for treatment of type 2 diabetes include various groups of oral hypoglycemic agents, most of which could cause side effects. Pharmacological activity of these medicines with long-term use is often reduced, which indicates the need to expand the range of new antidiabetic drugs. Promising antidiabetic agents are substances of plant origin that have a wide range of pharmacological effects, minimal adverse reactions and can be an effective preventive and curative adjunct to the pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus. Among medicinal plants with hypoglycemic action, ginger medicinal (Zingiber officinale) is promising for the development of a new antidiabetic agent. The aim of the work was a screening study of the hypoglycemic effect of the extract of ginger. The subject of the study was a dry of Ginger extract medicinal (Medagroprom, Dnipro), obtained from ginger rhizomas by extraction with 50% alcohol and spray-drying. The substance of Ginger extract is a fine-grained powder of light brown color with a peculiar scent and sharp taste, the dry residue is not less than 95%, the content of gingerols is 5%. Screening of the effective dose of Ginger extract for hypoglycemic action was performed on intact normoglycemic rats in a dose range of 10–150 mg/kg. As a reference, the compound «Arfazetin» and metformin were used. The possible hypoglycemic effect of Ginger extract was determined after its single fasting intragastric administration. The antihyperglycemic properties of Ginger extract were studied under conditions of 20-day administration with intraperitoneal and oral glucose tolerance tests on the dynamics of glycemia and areas under glycemic curves. A single introduction of Ginger extract in a dose range of 10–150 mg/kg and comparison drug «Arfazetine» did not show a hypoglycemic effect when fasting. Against the background of 20-day extract of ginger administration at intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test it was revealed that the pronounced antihyperglycemic effect of Ginger extract begins to manifest at a dose of 80 mg/kg (40%) and remains consistently the same when a high dose is administered – 150 mg/kg (41%). On the model of oral glucose tolerance test, when using extract of ginger in doses of 80 and 100 mg/kg, almost identical oppression of acute hyperglycemia was registered at 40 and 38% at the 30th minute of the test. This indicates a pronounced antihyperglycemic effect of the study agent. In terms of antihyperglycemic activity, extract of ginger at a dose of 80 mg/kg is not inferior to metformin and significantly exceeds the compoud «Arfazetin» by 1.3 times. The obtained results are the basis for in-depth study of Ginger extract at a dose of 80 mg/kg as antidiabetic agent

Analysis of Involvement of Cytokine Genetic Polymorphisms in Development of Genital Endometriosis

The article outlines the role of cytokines in development of genital endometriosis. There were detected associations between genetic polymorphisms and their combinations and development of genital endometriosis among women in the Central region of Russi

Molecular-genetic factors of genital endometriosis

Article concerns data of the comparative analysis of polymorphic options of genes at patients with genital endometriosis and women in control grou

METHODS AND TECHNOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL OF A UNIVERSITY GRADUATE

Purpose: The article presents the author's approach to assessing the human capital of a graduate of a regional university. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the problem of assessing of human capital is especially acute for pedagogy, since the contribution of education to the formation of human capital is one of the determining factors, and the contribution of pedagogy to the study of the pedagogical aspects of this phenomenon is extremely small. Methodology: The authors propose a methodology and technology for assessing human capital. In particular, it was proposed to use an integrated approach to the assessment of human capital of a graduate of a regional university, the essence of which is to add the absolute values of indicators of individual components of capital, and then based on the data calculate the relative indicator of the quality of human capital. Result: The result of training and the main goal of improving the quality of training of specialists at a regional university will be to ensure the minimum deviation of the level of the human capital of the graduate achieved during the period of study at the university, from the level of human capital established by regulatory requirements