134 research outputs found
Protein-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles: Creation and Investigation
A novel universal approach to cross-linking of protein macromolecules on the surface of magnetite na-noparticles has been developed. The approach is based on protein liability to free radical modification, leading to the formation of intermolecular covalent cross links. Free radicals are locally generated on the surface of nanoparticles. Using a set of physicochemical methods, it has been proven that stable coatings composed of protein macromolecules are formed around individual nanoparticles. The proteins fixed on nanoparticles do not lose their activity as a result of adsorption and free radical modification. Fluorescent probe approach for evaluation of the native functional properties of serum albumin as a part of coating is suggested.
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Signs of organization aging as an actual issue of modern management
The article is devoted to the actual issue of modern management - the aging process of an organization. Managers are involved greatly in this process. Their responsibility is to determine the beginning of this process at an early stage and take measures to avoid company aging, that requires certain knowledge and skills
On the history of the discovery of bacteriophages
The article is devoted to an analysis of the significance of bacteriophagesβ discovery in the subsequent development of medicine: from the prevention and control of infectious bacterial diseases to the study of global evolutionary mechanisms by genetic engineering methods. French researcher Felix dβHΓ©relle discovered bacteriophages when he found a βsubstanceβ that kills dysentery bacteria in 1917. A virus by nature, it was called a βbacteria devourerβ (bacteriophage). Long before the discovery of antibiotics, dβHΓ©relle found that bacteriophages were a universal specific antibacterial agent that was safe for humans. In Russia, interest in the study of bacteriophages arose in the early 1920s. In 1939, the renowned Soviet microbiologist Z.V. Ermolieva created a cholera bacteriophage preparation. During World War II in besieged Stalingrad, she produced the cholera bacteriophage in huge volumes and prevented an epidemic of cholera in the Red Army β an important factor in the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad. New molecular biology and genetics technologies have made it possible to reveal the underlying interaction processes of a bacteriophage with a bacterial cell: lysogeny (inclusion of a moderate bacteriophage into the genome of a bacterial cell) and the phenomenon of lysogenic conversion (Eugene and Elizabeth Wollman, 1936), genetic recombination β the mutual exchange of genes between two different lines of bacteriophages (M. Delbruck, S. Luria, A. Hershey, 1946, 1952), integrated with the cellβs DNA, the asymptomatic presence of the virus (pro-bacteriophage), and its activation by the inductive effect of ultraviolet radiation, radiation and a number of chemical factors (A. Lwoff, 1965). Nowadays, the study of molecular genetic mechanisms of embedding, regulation, repression, and induction of bacteriophage activity within a bacterium is important for understanding the mechanisms of heredity, tissue growth and development mechanisms of some forms of tumors. Β© Andrey V. Ermolaev, Tatiana S. Sorokina
On the history of the discovery of bacteriophages
The article is devoted to an analysis of the significance of bacteriophagesβ discovery in the subsequent development of medicine: from the prevention and control of infectious bacterial diseases to the study of global evolutionary mechanisms by genetic engineering methods. French researcher Felix dβHΓ©relle discovered bacteriophages when he found a βsubstanceβ that kills dysentery bacteria in 1917. A virus by nature, it was called a βbacteria devourerβ (bacteriophage). Long before the discovery of antibiotics, dβHΓ©relle found that bacteriophages were a universal specific antibacterial agent that was safe for humans. In Russia, interest in the study of bacteriophages arose in the early 1920s. In 1939, the renowned Soviet microbiologist Z.V. Ermolieva created a cholera bacteriophage preparation. During World War II in besieged Stalingrad, she produced the cholera bacteriophage in huge volumes and prevented an epidemic of cholera in the Red Army β an important factor in the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad. New molecular biology and genetics technologies have made it possible to reveal the underlying interaction processes of a bacteriophage with a bacterial cell: lysogeny (inclusion of a moderate bacteriophage into the genome of a bacterial cell) and the phenomenon of lysogenic conversion (Eugene and Elizabeth Wollman, 1936), genetic recombination β the mutual exchange of genes between two different lines of bacteriophages (M. Delbruck, S. Luria, A. Hershey, 1946, 1952), integrated with the cellβs DNA, the asymptomatic presence of the virus (pro-bacteriophage), and its activation by the inductive effect of ultraviolet radiation, radiation and a number of chemical factors (A. Lwoff, 1965). Nowadays, the study of molecular genetic mechanisms of embedding, regulation, repression, and induction of bacteriophage activity within a bacterium is important for understanding the mechanisms of heredity, tissue growth and development mechanisms of some forms of tumors. Β© Andrey V. Ermolaev, Tatiana S. Sorokina
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ D Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² rs2228570 Π³Π΅Π½Π° VDR ΠΈ rs9939609 Π³Π΅Π½Π° FTO Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ
Background: It has been shown that vitaminΒ D availability depends on the body mass index (BMI). Genetic polymorphisms contribute to the development of vitaminΒ D deficiency.Aim: To study the availability of vitamin D in the population of various regions of the Russian Federation, depending on the BMI values and the rs2228570 polymorphisms of the VDR gene and rs9939609 of the FTO gene.Materials and methods: The rs2228570 polymorphisms of the VDR gene and rs9939609 of the FTO gene were identified in 311 subjects (136, from the midland of Russia, and 175 from the Far North). Serum 25-hydroxyvitaminΒ D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by an immunoenzyme assay in the autumn and winter seasons. Genotyping was performed with the allele-specific amplification and real-time detection of results using TaqMan probes complementary to the polymorphic DNA segments and the CFX96 Real Time System amplifier (Bio-Rad, USA). We studied associations of the rs9939609 polymorphism of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene located at 16q12.2, as well as the rs2228570 polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) located at 12q13.11.Results: Frank vitamin D deficiency (serum 25 (OH) D level20 ng/ml) was observed in 39.7% (54/136) of the sample from the midland, in 40% (14/35) of the migrants and in 30.7% (43/140) of the indigenous inhabitants of the Far North (Nenets). Obese residents of the midland Russia had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels, and the indigenous population of the Far North had significantly higher levels than those with BMI30 (Ρ0.05). In the indigenous population of the Northern Region, there was aΒ significant association between vitaminΒ D deficiency and CΒ allele of the rs2228570 polymorphism of the VDR gene (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46β4.27, p=0.0006) and the AA genotype of the rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene (OR 8.83, 95% CI 0.94β82.5, p=0.02).Conclusion: The association between obesity and vitaminΒ D availability in the individuals with the rs2228570 polymorphism of the VDR gene and the rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene depends on their ethnicity.Β ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΒ D Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° (ΠΠΠ’). ΠΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π²Β ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° D Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ D Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Β Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΠΠ’ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² rs2228570 Π³Π΅Π½Π° VDR ΠΈΒ rs9939609 Π³Π΅Π½Π° FTO.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈΒ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² rs2228570 Π³Π΅Π½Π° VDR ΠΈΒ rs9939609 Π³Π΅Π½Π° FTO ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΒ 311 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ (136 ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²Β ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, 175Β β Π½Π° ΠΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΌ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅). ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²Β ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ 25-Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Β D (25(ΠΠ)D) ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅-Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΒ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΒ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π²Β ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ TaqMan-Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΠΠ, ΠΈΒ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° CFX96 Real Time System (βBio-Radβ, Π‘Π¨Π). ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ rs9939609 Π³Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΡΒ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΒ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ (FTO), ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 16q12.2, Π°Β ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ rs2228570 Π³Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° D (VDR), ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 12q13.11.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Β D (ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ 25(ΠΠ)D Π²Β ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ 20 Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ») ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΡΒ 39,7% (54/136) Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΒ 40% (14/35) ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΈΒ ΡΒ 30,7% (43/140) ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° (Π½Π΅Π½ΡΡ). ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΒ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ 25(ΠΠ)D Π²Β ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, Π°Β ΡΒ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ°Β β Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠΠ’30 (Ρ0,05). Π£Β ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ Π‘Β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° rs2228570 Π³Π΅Π½Π° VDR (ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΠ¨) 2,5, 95% Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π» (ΠΠ) [1,46β4,27], p=0,0006) ΠΈΒ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΠ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° rs9939609 Π³Π΅Π½Π° FTO (ΠΠ¨ 8,83, 95% ΠΠ [0,94β82,5], p=0,02) ΡΒ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° D.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΒ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΒ D ΡΒ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΡΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ rs2228570 Π³Π΅Π½Π° VDR ΠΈΒ rs9939609 Π³Π΅Π½Π° FTO Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
Reaction of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,4,5-trimethylpyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine and its 7-formyl-substituted derivative with nitric acid
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2,4,5-triniethylpyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine and its 7-formyl derivative when treated with nitric acid are converted to substituted tetrahydropyrrolo-[1,2-c]pyrimidine-7-carboxylic acid. Conversion occurs through opening of the aminal moiety and formylation of the second molecule of tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine by formaldehyde formed to the 7-formyl-substituted derivative. Β©1999 KluwerAcademic/Plenum
Interaction of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,4,5-trimethylpyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine and its 7-formyl derivative with nitrous acid
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