Protein-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles: Creation and Investigation

A novel universal approach to cross-linking of protein macromolecules on the surface of magnetite na-noparticles has been developed. The approach is based on protein liability to free radical modification, leading to the formation of intermolecular covalent cross links. Free radicals are locally generated on the surface of nanoparticles. Using a set of physicochemical methods, it has been proven that stable coatings composed of protein macromolecules are formed around individual nanoparticles. The proteins fixed on nanoparticles do not lose their activity as a result of adsorption and free radical modification. Fluorescent probe approach for evaluation of the native functional properties of serum albumin as a part of coating is suggested. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3537

Signs of organization aging as an actual issue of modern management

The article is devoted to the actual issue of modern management - the aging process of an organization. Managers are involved greatly in this process. Their responsibility is to determine the beginning of this process at an early stage and take measures to avoid company aging, that requires certain knowledge and skills

On the history of the discovery of bacteriophages

The article is devoted to an analysis of the significance of bacteriophages’ discovery in the subsequent development of medicine: from the prevention and control of infectious bacterial diseases to the study of global evolutionary mechanisms by genetic engineering methods. French researcher Felix d’Hérelle discovered bacteriophages when he found a “substance” that kills dysentery bacteria in 1917. A virus by nature, it was called a “bacteria devourer” (bacteriophage). Long before the discovery of antibiotics, d’Hérelle found that bacteriophages were a universal specific antibacterial agent that was safe for humans. In Russia, interest in the study of bacteriophages arose in the early 1920s. In 1939, the renowned Soviet microbiologist Z.V. Ermolieva created a cholera bacteriophage preparation. During World War II in besieged Stalingrad, she produced the cholera bacteriophage in huge volumes and prevented an epidemic of cholera in the Red Army – an important factor in the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad. New molecular biology and genetics technologies have made it possible to reveal the underlying interaction processes of a bacteriophage with a bacterial cell: lysogeny (inclusion of a moderate bacteriophage into the genome of a bacterial cell) and the phenomenon of lysogenic conversion (Eugene and Elizabeth Wollman, 1936), genetic recombination – the mutual exchange of genes between two different lines of bacteriophages (M. Delbruck, S. Luria, A. Hershey, 1946, 1952), integrated with the cell’s DNA, the asymptomatic presence of the virus (pro-bacteriophage), and its activation by the inductive effect of ultraviolet radiation, radiation and a number of chemical factors (A. Lwoff, 1965). Nowadays, the study of molecular genetic mechanisms of embedding, regulation, repression, and induction of bacteriophage activity within a bacterium is important for understanding the mechanisms of heredity, tissue growth and development mechanisms of some forms of tumors. © Andrey V. Ermolaev, Tatiana S. Sorokina

On the history of the discovery of bacteriophages

The article is devoted to an analysis of the significance of bacteriophages’ discovery in the subsequent development of medicine: from the prevention and control of infectious bacterial diseases to the study of global evolutionary mechanisms by genetic engineering methods. French researcher Felix d’Hérelle discovered bacteriophages when he found a “substance” that kills dysentery bacteria in 1917. A virus by nature, it was called a “bacteria devourer” (bacteriophage). Long before the discovery of antibiotics, d’Hérelle found that bacteriophages were a universal specific antibacterial agent that was safe for humans. In Russia, interest in the study of bacteriophages arose in the early 1920s. In 1939, the renowned Soviet microbiologist Z.V. Ermolieva created a cholera bacteriophage preparation. During World War II in besieged Stalingrad, she produced the cholera bacteriophage in huge volumes and prevented an epidemic of cholera in the Red Army – an important factor in the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad. New molecular biology and genetics technologies have made it possible to reveal the underlying interaction processes of a bacteriophage with a bacterial cell: lysogeny (inclusion of a moderate bacteriophage into the genome of a bacterial cell) and the phenomenon of lysogenic conversion (Eugene and Elizabeth Wollman, 1936), genetic recombination – the mutual exchange of genes between two different lines of bacteriophages (M. Delbruck, S. Luria, A. Hershey, 1946, 1952), integrated with the cell’s DNA, the asymptomatic presence of the virus (pro-bacteriophage), and its activation by the inductive effect of ultraviolet radiation, radiation and a number of chemical factors (A. Lwoff, 1965). Nowadays, the study of molecular genetic mechanisms of embedding, regulation, repression, and induction of bacteriophage activity within a bacterium is important for understanding the mechanisms of heredity, tissue growth and development mechanisms of some forms of tumors. © Andrey V. Ermolaev, Tatiana S. Sorokina

Ассоциации ожирения с обеспеченностью витамином D в зависимости от полиморфизмов rs2228570 гена VDR и rs9939609 гена FTO у жителей средней полосы и Крайнего Севера России

Background: It has been shown that vitamin  D availability depends on the body mass index (BMI). Genetic polymorphisms contribute to the development of vitamin  D deficiency.Aim: To study the availability of vitamin D in the population of various regions of the Russian Federation, depending on the BMI values and the rs2228570 polymorphisms of the VDR gene and rs9939609 of the FTO gene.Materials and methods: The rs2228570 polymorphisms of the VDR gene and rs9939609 of the FTO gene were identified in 311 subjects (136, from the midland of Russia, and 175 from the Far North). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin  D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by an immunoenzyme assay in the autumn and winter seasons. Genotyping was performed with the allele-specific amplification and real-time detection of results using TaqMan probes complementary to the polymorphic DNA segments and the CFX96 Real Time System amplifier (Bio-Rad, USA). We studied associations of the rs9939609 polymorphism of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene located at 16q12.2, as well as the rs2228570 polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) located at 12q13.11.Results: Frank vitamin D deficiency (serum 25 (OH) D level20 ng/ml) was observed in 39.7% (54/136) of the sample from the midland, in 40% (14/35) of the migrants and in 30.7% (43/140) of the indigenous inhabitants of the Far North (Nenets). Obese residents of the midland Russia had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels, and the indigenous population of the Far North had significantly higher levels than those with BMI30 (р0.05). In the indigenous population of the Northern Region, there was a  significant association between vitamin  D deficiency and C allele of the rs2228570 polymorphism of the VDR gene (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46–4.27, p=0.0006) and the AA genotype of the rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene (OR 8.83, 95% CI 0.94–82.5, p=0.02).Conclusion: The association between obesity and vitamin  D availability in the individuals with the rs2228570 polymorphism of the VDR gene and the rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene depends on their ethnicity. Актуальность. Показано, что обеспеченность витамином  D зависит от величины индекса массы тела (ИМТ). Вклад в  развитие дефицита витамина D вносят генетические полиморфизмы.Цель – изучить обеспеченность витамином D населения разных регионов Российской Федерации в  зависимости от величины ИМТ и  полиморфизмов rs2228570 гена VDR и  rs9939609 гена FTO.Материал и  методы. Идентификация полиморфизмов rs2228570 гена VDR и  rs9939609 гена FTO проведена у  311 человек (136 проживали в  средней полосе России, 175  – на Крайнем Севере). Концентрацию в  сыворотке крови 25-гидроксивитамина  D (25(ОН)D) определяли иммуноферментным методом в осенне-зимний период. Генотипирование проводили с  применением аллель-специфичной амплификации с  детекцией результатов в режиме реального времени с использованием TaqMan-зондов, комплементарных полиморфным участкам ДНК, и  амплификатора CFX96 Real Time System (“Bio-Rad”, США). Изучали полиморфизмы rs9939609 гена связи с жировой массой и ожирением (FTO), местоположение 16q12.2, а  также rs2228570 гена рецептора витамина D (VDR), местоположение 12q13.11.Результаты. Выраженный дефицит витамина D (уровень 25(ОН)D в сыворотке крови 20 нг/мл) отмечался у 39,7% (54/136) населения средней полосы России, у 40% (14/35) пришлых и у 30,7% (43/140) коренных жителей Крайнего Севера (ненцы). При ожирении у жителей средней полосы России уровень 25(ОН)D в сыворотке крови был ниже, а  у  коренного населения Крайнего Севера  – выше, чем при ИМТ30 (р0,05). У коренного населения северного региона выявлена статистически значимая связь аллеля С полиморфизма rs2228570 гена VDR (отношение шансов (ОШ) 2,5, 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) [1,46–4,27], p=0,0006) и  генотипа АА полиморфизма rs9939609 гена FTO (ОШ 8,83, 95% ДИ [0,94–82,5], p=0,02) с  дефицитом витамина D.Заключение. Ассоциация между ожирением и  обеспеченностью витамином  D у людей с полиморфизмами rs2228570 гена VDR и rs9939609 гена FTO зависит от их этнической принадлежности.

Reaction of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,4,5-trimethylpyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine and its 7-formyl-substituted derivative with nitric acid

1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2,4,5-triniethylpyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine and its 7-formyl derivative when treated with nitric acid are converted to substituted tetrahydropyrrolo-[1,2-c]pyrimidine-7-carboxylic acid. Conversion occurs through opening of the aminal moiety and formylation of the second molecule of tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine by formaldehyde formed to the 7-formyl-substituted derivative. ©1999 KluwerAcademic/Plenum