775 research outputs found
Antifungal activities of the essential oil extracted from the tea of savanna (Lippia multiflora) in CĂŽte dâIvoire
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal potency of the essential oil of tea of savanna (Lippia multiflora) on three fungal strains. The essential oil is extracted of Lippia multiflora by steam distillation and the antifungal activity in vitro was investigated on Apergillus flavus, Asperguillus Niger and Fusarium sp species. This activity was realized by incorporation of the plant extract in Sabouraud medium prepared by a double dilution. The study revealed a sensitivity of these three species to the essential oil extracted from Lippia multiflora. It has been observed, in a descending order of sensitivity, a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 2.08 ± 0.58 ”l / ml with Aspergillus flavus; 4.16 ± 1.17 ”l / ml with Aspergillus Niger and 8.33 ± 2.35 ”l / ml with Fusarium sp. The antifungal potency of the essential oil extracted from Lippia multiflora, allows considering its use as a novel approach in the field of integrated management of cereal stocks in post-harvest.Keywords: Essential oil, Lippia multiflora, Antifungal, Aspergillus, Fusarium
Test dâefficacitĂ© dâun herbicide en culture dâananas, Ă la station dâexpĂ©rimentation et de production dâAnguĂ©dĂ©dou en CĂŽte dâIvoire
Objectif : Un produit Ă base de glyphosate (Dominator 360) est testĂ© en vue dâĂ©valuer son efficacitĂ© sur les adventices des cultures dâananas. Ceci pour Ă©largir la gamme des produits dans cette culture et de minimiser les coĂ»ts de traitement en jouant sur les doses tout en veillant Ă leur efficacitĂ©.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats : Le Dominator 360 est comparĂ© Ă des herbicides de rĂ©fĂ©rence en usage sur la culture dâananas dans la station expĂ©rimentale dâAnguĂ©dĂ©dou. Ces herbicides sont le Kalach, Ă©galement Ă base de glyphosate et le Special 30 Ă base de diuron + bromacile. Lâessai a Ă©tĂ© conduit suivant un bloc de Fisher randomisĂ©, dont le dispositif est celui des tĂ©moins adjacents. Le Dominator 360 est expĂ©rimentĂ© Ă trois doses : 2, 3 et 4 l/ha et les deux tĂ©moins Ă une seule dose : 4 l/ha pour le Kalach et 4 kg/ha pour le Special 30.Les efficacitĂ©s observĂ©es sont diffĂ©rentes selon les doses utilisĂ©es. Le Dominator, les tĂ©moins Kalach et le SpĂ©cial 30 se sont montrĂ©s efficaces pratiquement au mĂȘme titre aux doses maximales utilisĂ©es (4 l/ha et 4 kg/ha). La dose de 3 l/ha du Dominator est apparue la plus faible dose expĂ©rimentĂ©e qui prĂ©sente une bonne efficacitĂ©.Conclusion et application : La dose de 3 l/ha du Dominator 360 constitue la faible dose du produit, comparĂ©e aux deux tĂ©moins utilisĂ©s dans cette Ă©tude, qui prĂ©sente une bonne efficacitĂ© dans la lutte contre les adventices en cultures dâananas. Ceci en rapport avec la baisse des doses efficaces, recommandĂ©es, pour minimiser les coĂ»ts dâachat des herbicides. Cette dose de 3 l/ha du Dominator 360 est ainsi la dose par excellence Ă vulgariser.Mots clefs : Herbicide, glyphosate, Dominator, efficacitĂ©, anana
Revealing microbial recognition by specific antibodies
Background:
Recognition of microorganisms by antibodies is a vital component of the human immune response. However, there is currently very limited understanding of immune recognition of 50 % of the human microbiome which is made up of as yet un-culturable bacteria. We have combined the use of flow cytometry and pyrosequencing to describe the microbial composition of human samples, and its interaction with the immune system.
Results:
We show the power of the technique in human faecal, saliva, oral biofilm and breast milk samples, labeled with fluorescent anti-IgG or anti-IgA antibodies. Using Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS), bacterial cells were separated depending on whether they are coated with IgA or IgG antibodies. Each bacterial population was PCR-amplified and pyrosequenced, characterizing the microorganisms which evade the immune system and those which were recognized by each immunoglobulin.
Conclusions:
The application of the technique to healthy and diseased individuals may unravel the contribution of the immune response to microbial infections and polymicrobial diseases
An Improved Test to Study the Changes in Membrane Permeability During Rehydration of Freeze-Dried Weissella paramesenteroides LC11
peer reviewedThe objective of this study was to assess changes in membrane permeability during rehydration of freeze-dried Weissella paramesenteroides LC11. Viability was assessed using the electrical conductivity measurement (ms cm-1 g-1 dry weight) and the plate count method (cfu g-1 dry weight). The symptoms of injury included an increase in the electrolyte leakage during the first 4 h of rehydration in Milli Q water and a decrease in the survival rate (about 64%), suggesting an increase in membrane permeability during dehydration. During rehydration of the freeze-dried strain, an increase in the temperature, NaCl or monosodium glutamate concentration and a decrease in H+ concentration resulted in an increase in the electrolyte leakage and a decrease in the survival rate (from about 5% to 97%, with respect to the treatment made). However, a decrease in the electrolyte leakage was observed with increasing glycerol, sucrose or maltodextrin and resulted in the maintenance of cell viability. Change in membrane permeability might lead to electrolyte leakage during rehydration and, ultimately, cell death. The electrolyte leakage assay associated with the plate count method, a quick and inexpensive method, could be used to evaluate dried bacteria resistance to dehydration
Effet de lâincorporation de la noix de cajou dans les rations alimentaires sur les performances de croissance des porcs : phases post-sevrage et de croissance
Quatre types dâaliments dont le taux dâincorporation de noix est variable ont Ă©tĂ© formulĂ©s pour les stades post-sevrage et de croissance. Ces aliments ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©s sur 120 porcs (Large White x PiĂ©train) x (Landrace x Duroc) par stade physiologique. En post-sevrage, il nây a eu aucun effet de lâanacarde sur les paramĂštres de croissance de lâanimal. En croissance, le poids vif des animaux ayant reçu les rations Ă 7 et 9% dâanacarde a baissĂ© de 2 Ă 3 kg environ par rapport Ă ceux de la ration Ă 0% dâanacarde. Le gain moyen quotidien (GMQ) du lot Ă 9% dâanacarde est environ 30 g/j infĂ©rieur au lot sans anacarde. Les aliments contenant 7 et 9% dâanacarde sont environ 65 g/j moins ingĂ©rĂ©s que celui ne contenant pas dâanacarde (P<0,05). Lâanacarde nâa pas eu dâeffet sur lâindice de consommation aux stades physiologiques Ă©tudiĂ©s de lâanimal. En ce qui concerne la santĂ© de lâanimal, lâanacarde nâa eu aucun impact nĂ©gatif sur les animaux. NĂ©anmoins, en phase de croissance, le taux de crĂ©atinine pour les lots Ă 9% dâanacarde baisse de 3 mg en moyenne par rapport au lot Ă 0% dâanacarde (P<0,05).Mots clĂ©s : Porc, noix de cajou, croissance, santĂ©, stade physiologiqu
Evaluation des pratiques de gestion des adventices en riziculture irriguee dans la localite de Daloa, centre-ouest de la Cote dâIvoire
Le riz est lâaliment principal pour la quasi-totalitĂ© des populations vivant en CĂŽte dâIvoire. Cependant, les adventices sont considĂ©rĂ©es comme la contrainte biologique la plus importante faisant obstacle Ă la production rizicole. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude menĂ©e en 2015 Ă©tait dâĂ©valuer diffĂ©rentes techniques de gestion des adventices en riziculture irriguĂ©e, dans la localitĂ© de Daloa, au Centre-Ouest de la CĂŽte dâIvoire. Pour ce faire, une parcelle tĂ©moin et 3 parcelles tests ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©es dans un dispositif en blocs alĂ©atoires complets avec 4 rĂ©pĂ©titions. Un seul paramĂštre a fait lâobjet dâĂ©valuation au niveau des adventices, Ă savoir lâindice dâabondance-dominance Ă 15 ; 30 ; 45 et 60 JAR. Cinq paramĂštres ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s sur le riz Ă la maturitĂ© physiologique. Ce sont : le nombre de talles et de panicules par poquet, la hauteur des plants, la longueur des panicules et le rendement paddy. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les mĂ©thodes de gestion de lâenherbement ont un effet significatif sur lâindice dâabondance-dominance des adventices et les paramĂštres agronomiques du riz. En effet, lâapplication du pendimĂ©thaline en prĂ©-levĂ©e des adventices suivie dâun dĂ©sherbage manuel Ă 30 JAR permet de mieux maĂźtriser lâenherbement et amĂ©liore les paramĂštres agronomiques du riz.Mots clĂ©s: mauvaises herbes, riz, pratiques de gestion, abondance-dominance, CĂŽte dâIvoireEnglish Title: Assessment of management practices of weeds on irrigated rice in from Daloa, central-west of Cote dâIvoireEnglish AbstractRice is the main food for almost all populations living in CĂŽte dâIvoire. However, weeds are considered the most important biological constraint to rice production.The objective of this study, carried out in 2015, was to evaluate different management techniques of weeds on irrigated rice in from Daloa, Central-West of CĂŽte dâIvoire. To do a control plot and 3 parcels tests were tested in a randomized complete block with four replications. One parameter has been evaluated in weeds namely the abundance-dominance indexnotes 15; 30; 45 and 60 DAP. Five (05) parameters were evaluated in rice to physiological maturity. These are: number of tillers per hill, number of panicles per hill, plant height, length of panicle and paddy yield. The results showed that management practices of weeds have a significant effect on the abundance-dominance index of weeds and the agronomic parameters of rice.Indeed, the application of pendimethalin in pre-emergence of weeds followed by a manual weeding at 30 DAP allows better control of weeding and improves the agronomic parameters of the rice.Keywords: weeds, rice, management practices, abundance-dominance, cĂŽte dâivoir
Pemanfaatan Santan Instan Kadaluarsa Untuk Produksi Minyak Secara Fermentasi
This research use the expired instant coconut milk for 2 months. The goal is to find out whether the coconut milk can be used to produce oil. The method does is with variation of the total number of laru 0,5 mL oil; 0,75 mL; 1 mL; 1,25 mL; and 1,50 mL by volume per volume (v/v). the fermentation time and 18 hours, 24 hours, 30 hours, and 36 minutes. Results of the study that the amount of oil the oil laru yield the highest oil is 1,50 mL with 28% yield and fermentation time of 30 hours, while the lowest was at the time of fermentation 18 hours i.e. 15%
Health-related quality of life impact of a triple combination of olmesartan medoxomil, amlodipine besylate and hydrochlorotiazide in subjects with hypertension
Background
A post-hoc analysis was performed on the data from a 54 weeks phase III study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00923091) to measure changes in the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of 2,690 patients aged â„18 with moderate-to-severe hypertension who received one of six doses of olmesartan/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide (OLM/AML/HCTZ), using the MINICHAL and EQ-5D instruments.
Methods
Descriptive statistics were used to assess blood pressure and HRQoL scores over the study period. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to identify those factors that could possibly have influenced HRQoL. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between changes in blood pressure and HRQoL scores.
Results
Patientsâ baseline MINICHAL mood and somatic domains scores were 5.5 and 2.6. Over the study period HRQoL improved as both MINICHAL scores decreased by 31-33%. Patientsâ baseline EQ-5D index and VAS scores were 0.9 and 73.4 respectively, increasing by 6% and 12% over the study period. Patientsâ QALY gain over the 54 weeks study period was estimated to be 0.029 QALYs. The ANCOVA showed that changes in patientsâ HRQoL was likely to have been influenced by patientsâ achievement of blood pressure control, the amount of concomitant medication and patientsâ last used dosage strength of antihypertensive. Linear regression showed that blood pressure improvement may have been associated with improved HRQoL.
Conclusions
This study showed that OLM/AML/HCTZ reduced blood pressure and significantly increased blood pressure control whilst improving patientsâ HRQoL. Achieving blood pressure control, amount of concomitant medication and dosage strength of antihypertensive impacted on patientsâ HRQoL
Apport dâun fourrage vert tropical, Centrosema pubescens, en complĂ©ment au granulĂ© : effet sur les performances de croissance et sanitaire du lapin (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Lâobjectif de ce travail est dâĂ©valuer la digestibilitĂ© du fourrage vert, C. pubescens, et son impact sur la croissance ainsi que la santĂ© digestive du lapin de chaire en Ă©levage artisanal. Deux lots de 15 lapins sevrĂ©s Ă 35 jours, Ă©levĂ©s en cage individuelle et nourris Ă lâaide de deux aliments complĂ©mentĂ©s ou non avec du C. pubescens ont Ă©tĂ© constituĂ©s. La digestibilitĂ© des nutriments Ă 50 jours dâĂąge de la ration contenant le fourrage C. pubescens est supĂ©rieure Ă la ration sans fourrage. Ainsi, la digestibilitĂ© de la MS, MO, MAT, ADF, NDF, Hc est respectivement de 1,6, de 1,5, de 1,8, de 2,2, de 1,6 et de 1,3 fois plus Ă©levĂ©e dans la ration ayant reçu le fourrage C. pubescens en complĂ©ment par rapport au tĂ©moin sans fourrage. Lâindice de risque sanitaire est rĂ©duit de moitiĂ© avec lâapport de fourrage. Cependant, lâingestion des 2 rations est Ă©quivalente, la moyenne est de 68 g/j entre le sevrage et 70 jours. Le gain de poids quotidien est Ă©galement identique avec lâapport ou non de C. pubescens. La moyenne entre 35 et 70 jours dâĂąge est de 26,5 g/j.Mots clĂ©s : Lapin, fourrage, Centrosema pubescens, aliments, performances zootechniques
Preliminary assessment of cadmium mobility in surface sediments of a tropical estuary
Cadmium is a toxic metal often found with a strong enrichment factor in coastal sediments. The sequential extraction procedure proposed by the BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) was applied for partitioning of Cd in tropical estuary sediments. The method showed satisfactory recoveries. The repartition of Cd in different phases of sediment was controlled by the residual phase (50.32 to 67.45 %). However, the exchangeable and acid soluble fraction (F1) was in general found to be the second most abundant fraction in the surface sediments (11.14 to 15.24 %), indicating that an important portion of Cd could be remobilized, thus becoming available to aquatic biota. Cd also showed different distribution patterns in the sediment phases due to the heterogeneity of the sediments, as well as the physical and chemical conditions along with the different sources of Cd in the bays. The risk assessment code investigation showed a medium risk of Cd in the estuary. KEY WORDS: Cadmium, Mobility, Sediment toxicity, Sequential extraction Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2014, 28(2), 245-254. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v28i2.
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