Analyse de la Diversité Floristique de Quelques îles Aménagées du Barrage de Buyo (Côte d’Ivoire)

This paper focuses on analyzing the floristic composition of islands of Buyo’s dam after strong anthropization. Using surfaces surveys, linear surveys and itinerant surveys, the floristic composition and diversity were determined. Seven hundred and twenty-three plants species belonging to 353 genera and 99 families were recorded. The ecological importance of the species has been assessed from the Value of Significance. The study showed that for tree species with diameter ≥ 10 cm, the species Alchornea cordifolia, Ceiba pentandra, Theobroma cacao, and Lannea welwitschii were the richest and had the highest Indices of Value Importance. The mean richness of species showed a significant difference (p≤ 0. 03797) among the Islands of Buyo’s dam. Island D which is close to the Park with the presence of animals isrich in species(101 ± 10 74). Apolinaire and Laminebougou Islands farthest to the Park with strong agricultural activity are poor in species (51 ± 11. 14; 50 ± 6. 29). Floristic diversity and evenness do not vary statistically from one site to another.La présente étude se propose d’analyser la composition et la diversité floristique des îles du barrage de Buyo après forte anthropisation. À l’aide de relevé de surface, de relevé linéaire et de relevé itinérant, la composition et la diversité floristique de onze îles ont été déterminées. L’inventaire a permis de noter 723 espèces de plantes reparties entre 353 genres et 99 familles. L’importance écologique des espèces a été appréciée à partir de l’Indice de Valeur d’Importance. L’étude a montré que pour les arbres de diamètre ≥ 10 cm, les espèces Alchornea cordifolia, Ceiba pentandra, Theobroma cacao, Lannea welwitschii sont celles qui ont les plus forts indices de valeur d’importance des espèces. La moyenne de la richesse spécifique montre une différence significative (p≤ 0,03797) entre les différentes îles du barrage de Buyo. L’île D, proche de la forêt du Parc, avec une présence moyenne de mammifères, est la plus riche en espèces (101 ± 10, 74). Les îles Apollinaire et Laminebougou, plus éloignées de la forêt mère et avec une intense activité, sont les plus pauvres en espèces (51 ± 11,14 ; 50 ± 6, 29). La diversité floristique et l’équitabilité ne varient pas statistiquement entre les îles

Influence De La Fermentation Sur Les Caracteristiques Physicochimiques Et Sensorielles De La Farine Composite A Base De Banane Plantain Et D’amande De Cajou

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fermentation in the formulation of infant flour that meets the nutritional needs of children, using plantain and cashew kernel flours. For this purpose, cashew kernel flours (Anacardium occidentale L) fermented for 72 h and unfermented flour were incorporated into the plantain flour (Musa paradisiaca sp) at different proportions (0, 10, 15 and 20%). The biochemical, functional compositions and antinutrient levels of the formulations were determined. The results showed that the fermentation caused a more significant increase in the protein, lipid, energy and total phenolic content of the formulations in proportion to the incorporation rate. On the other hand, carbohydrate, fiber and ash levels were significantly reduced (P <0.05) as a result of the fermentation of cashew kernels compared with the incorporation of unfermented cashew flour. The study of the swelling powers and the solubility indices of the flours showed that the fermentation entails a significant decrease proportional to the level of cashew almond flour incorporated compared to those obtained with the unfermented flour. It was also found that fermentation entailed a significant reduction (P <0.05) in the content of oxalic acid and tannins in cashew kernel flour. Sensory tests allowed limiting the maximum level of incorporation of fermented almond flour to 10% and that not fermented to 15%

Caractérisation Biochimique De La Pulpe des Fruits Du Prunier Noir (Vitex Doniana) De La Côte d’Ivoire

Black plum, the fruit of Vitex doniana, was harvested in three (3) regions belonging to different climatic zones in northern Côte d'Ivoire. Biochemical characteristics of the pulps were studied in order to highlight their nutritional potential and the variability of this composition according to study areas. From the conventional biochemical analyzes used, it appears that the fruit pulp is acidic and mostly made up of water. It is rich in sugars and has antioxidant power between 18.63 ± 0.02 and 35.54 ± 0.01 µg.mL -1. There is also the presence of polyphenols (166.67 ± 0.01 – 196.67 ± 0.01 mEq A.G./100g) and vitamin C (14.34 ± 0.02 – 15.05 ± 0.07 mg/100g). Ashes consist of minerals such as magnesium, potassium and calcium. The analysis of the variance showed that the mean of the parameters studied are significantly different from one region to the other, except the ash rate and vitamin C content. In view of its nutritional quality, black plum presents itself as an interesting fruit to be taken into account in the prevention of certain dietary imbalances and which can even intervene at low cost in the treatment of certain pathologies

Isolement par partition bio guidé du principe actif myostimulant de l’extrait aqueux de Mareya micrantha (Benth) Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)

Objectif: Isoler le principe actif myostimulant de l’extrait aqueux de Mareya micrantha (MAR) lors de sa partition dans différents solvants (70 % éthanol / eau ; 50 % cyclohexane / eau et 50 % acétate d’éthyle / eau), en utilisant le duodénum isolé de lapin comme marqueur de l’activité pharmacologique, afin d’identifier la fraction possédant la meilleure activité myostimulante.Méthodologie et résultats: le dispositif d’enregistrement de l’activité mécanique du duodénum isolé de lapin, a permis d’évaluer les propriétés pharmacologiques de MAR, des fractions ((hydro-alcoolique) F1, (cyclohexanique) F2, (aqueuse) F3, (acétate d’éthyle) F4 et (aqueuse) F5) et précipité (P) obtenus par partition de MAR dans différents solvants (70 % éthanol / eau ; 50 % cyclohexane / eau et 50 % acétate d’éthyle / eau). Les effets myostimulants de MAR diminuent fortement en milieu physiologique sans calcium et contenant de l’EDTA. Les fractions, hydro-alcoolique (F1), aqueuses (F3 ; F5), et le précipité (P) obtenus par partition de MAR, stimulent l’activité contractile du duodénum de lapin. La fraction acétate d’éthyle (F4) est myorelaxante, La F2 (cyclo-hexanique) est sans effet. L’étude dose réponse de F5 à des concentrations allant de 20 à 240 Ig. mL-1, montre qu’elle est 120 % plus spasmogène que MAR. Ces effets inotropes positifs de F5 sont inhibés par l’atropine.Conclusion et application: Les principes actifs myostimulants de MAR augmenteraient l’amplitude des contractions du duodénum isolé de lapin en mobilisant principalement le calcium extracellulaire puis intracellulaire comme en témoigne le résultat de l’expérience avec l’EDTA. La forte activité spasmogène de la F5 et l’expérience avec l’atropine, suggèrent que la partition de MAR a enrichi la F5 en principe actifs myostimulants de nature cholinergique. Ces données indiquent que la partition peut contribuer à isoler de manière significative les principes actifs des plantes médicinales, y compris ceux de MAR aux propriétés myostimulantes, justifiant son utilisation comme laxatif.Mots clés: Mareya micrantha, fractions, myostimulant, AtropineEnglish AbstractObjective: To isolate the myostimulant active principle in Mareya micrantha (MAR) aqueous extract during its partition in different solvents (70% aqueous-ethanol, 50% aqueous-cyclohexane and 50% aqueous ethylacetate), while using the isolated rabbit duodenum as a pharmacological activity marker in order to identify the fraction having the best myostimulant activity.Methodology and results: The mechanical activity recording device of the isolated rabbit duodenum, allowed the assessment of the pharmacological properties of MAR, ((Hydro-alcoholic) F1, (cyclohexane) F2, (aqueous) F3, (ethylacetate) F4, (aqueous) F5) fractions and the precipitate (P) obtained by MAR partition in different solvents (70% aqueous-ethanol, 50% aqueous-cyclohexane and 50% aqueous-ethylacetate). The myostimulant effects of MAR decrease strongly in physiological environment without calcium and in presence of the EDTA. The Hydro-alcoholic (F1) and aqueous fractions (F3; F5), and the precipitate (P) stimulate the rabbit duodenum contractile activity. The ethylacetate fraction (F4) is myorelaxant; the cyclohexane fraction (F2) has no effect. The Dose-response study of F5 with concentrations ranging from 20 to 240-Ig. ml -1, shows that it is 120% more spasmogen than MAR. These inotropic positive effects of aqueous fraction (F5) are inhibited by atropine.Conclusion and application: The myostimulant active principles of MAR increased the amplitude of the contractions of the isolated rabbit duodenum by mainly mobilizing the extracellular calcium then the intracellular calcium as with EDTA. The high spasmogen activity of the aqueous fraction (F5) and the experiences with atropine suggest that this partition of MAR enriched the F5 in myostimulant active principles of cholinergic nature. These data indicate that the partition can significantly contribute to isolate the active principles from MAR with myostimulant properties, justifying its use as laxative.Keywords: Mareya micrantha, fractions, myostimulant, Atropin

Diversité Et Dynamique Des Communautés De Vers De Terre De Trois Formations Végétales Dans Une Savane Humide De l’Afrique De l’Ouest (Lamto, Côte d’Ivoire)

The maintenance and stability of many terrestrial ecosystems are in part related to the ecosystem functions and services of soil organisms. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of litter biomass produced by three types of vegetation in the Lamto reserve on the dynamics of earthworm community. Each vegetation formations has been subdivided into 3 parcels. These parcels were geo-referenced using a GPS and mapped using QGIS software. For each plot, 25 points were randomly selected using their GPS coordinates. The litters were collected by manual collection to evaluate their biomass. Monoliths of the TSBF (Tropical Soil Biology) type were dug in order to collect the earthworms by direct manual sorting. Also, soil clumps were collected to determine the organic matter levels by the method of lossto-fire. In total, 12 species of earthworms belonging to 3 ecological categories were collected. The forest block had the highest density of earthworms with a predominance of epigeic earthworms followed by grassy savannah with a predominance of endogeic earthworms. The wooded savannah has the lowest density of earthworms with a predominance of anecic earthworms. In terms of species richness, the grassy savannah contained the greatest number of earthworm species followed by the wooded savannah and the forest block that had the same number of species. In the three vegetations formations, it was found that earthworm densities were correlated with litter biomass as well as organic matter levels (correlation between earthworm density and litter biomass: r 2 =0, 75; correlation between density of earthworms and the rate of organic matter: r 2 =0, 93)

Evaluation Des Caracteristiques Physico-Chimiques Et Microbiologiques D’un Beignet Traditionnel A Base De Mil Fermente (Gnomy) Commercialise Dans La Ville De Yamoussoukro (Cote D’ivoire)

Food craft is very active in Ivory Coast. It is mainly sold in the street and show a large variety of products, among them gnomy, a traditional donut prepared from fermented and deep fried millet. Evaluation of physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of this food was the main theme of this study. The results demonstrate that gnomy is an acid food with a pH around 5.88 and protein content of 4.7 g/100 g. The absence of Salmonella and enumeration of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Coliforms and Streptococci in the final product show that the gnomy produced at the laboratory following good hygiene practices is a food of satisfactory sanitary quality

CARACTERISATION BIOCHIMIQUE ET FONCTIONNELLE DES GRAINES DE SEPT CULTIVARS DE VOANDZOU [VIGNA SUBTERRANEA (L.) VERDC. FABACEAE] CULTIVES EN CÔTE D'IVOIRE

Seeds of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] were collected from seven cultivars in the locality of Ouangolodougou, north Côte d'Ivoire. The seeds biochemical composition was evaluated in order to determine the nutritional value of Bambara groundnut. The results showed that the moisture content varied between 7.35 to 9.02%, ash content 2.55 to 2.98 %; crude fiber 2.57 to 4.08 % and the protein content 14.61 to 20.74%. Seeds lipid composition was varying between 7.69 to 8.55 %, while the content of carbohydrate was between 54.05 to 64.50 %. Energy value was found to range from 370.02 to 388.80 Kcal per 100 g of flour. The content of phenolic compound varied from 142.43 to 205.92 mg per 100 g EG. For the functional properties, the water absorption capacity was between 199.26 to 239.75 ml per 100 g of flour, while the oil absorption capacity was between 2 to 2.12 ml / g flour. The study showed that Bambara seeds grown in that area could be a good source of nutrients. Therefore, the judicious use of Bambara seeds could be a source of additional nutrients in the diet of vulnerable population