25 research outputs found

    Où sont les bibliothèques spoliées par les nazis ?

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    Ce colloque s’est tenu les jeudi et vendredi 23 et 24 mars 2017, à la Bibliothèque universitaire des langues et civilisations et à la Bibliothèque nationale de France, Il a été organisé par le Centre Gabriel Naudé de l\u27Ecole nationale supérieure des sciences de l\u27information et des bibliothèques (ENSSIB), l\u27Institut d\u27histoire du temps présent (IHTP, UMR CNRS Paris 8) et l\u27Université Paris Diderot (EA Identités, cultures, territoires), avec le soutien de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, de la Bibliothèque universitaire des langues et civilisations (BULAC), de la Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah, de la Claims Foundation, de la Fondation Maison des Sciences de l\u27Homme et du Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst. Au cours de ce colloque, une douzaine de livres, datant du XVIIe siècle et retrouvés dans ses collections par la Bibliothèque centrale et régionale de Berlin (Zentral -und Landesbibliothek) ont été restitués à trois ministères français (ministère des Affaires étrangères, ministère de l\u27Intérieur, ministère de la Justice) auxquels ils avaient été spoliées en juin 1940. Un registre manuscrit d\u27état civil des années 1751-1771, spolié à la commune de Verpel (Ardennes) lui sera également restitué. Les vidéos du colloque sont disponibles à l\u27adresse suivante : https://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque-numerique/notices/67542-ou-sont-les-bibliotheques-spoliees-par-les-nazis-tentatives-d-identification-et-de-restitution-un-chantier-en-cours Associée à ce colloque, la publication "Le Mystère de la boîte verte" est accessible à l\u27adresse suivante : https://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque-numerique/notices/68714-le-mystere-de-la-boite-vert

    Apport de la distraction osseuse dans le traitement du sens transversal chez l'adulte

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    L'encombrement et la perturbation de la forme d'arcade sont des problèmes fréquemment rencontrés chez l'adulte. Ces problèmes sont associés à un manque de développement basal dont l'étiologie est difficile à mettre en évidence. Le recours à l'expansion assistée par la chirurgie fait appel à la distraction osseuse pour générer de l'os et déplacer en masse les dents et leur parodonte, ce qui assure une grande sécurité. Il est important de préciser les indications au maxillaire comme à la mandibule de cette technique ainsi que notre protocole thérapeutique. Nous utilisons comme distracteur un vérin d'expansion monobrin soudé sur deux bagues molaires. Pour assurer l'efficacité, le chirurgien libère les fragments maxillaires afin de rendre leurs mouvements libres. La distraction commence dix jours après l'intervention, se fait quotidiennement et se prolonge pendant une à deux semaines, suivant la quantité d'expansion nécessaire. Le distracteur est alors bloqué et le patient est contrôlé tous les dix jours ; une dent postiche vient combler le large et disgracieux diastème qui s'est ouvert entre les incisives centrales. Trois mois après l'intervention, un appareil orthodontique multibague est mis en place. Les mouvements d'alignement-nivellement se font généralement de façon centripète, ce qui minimise les risques de complication parodontale. Les résultats du traitement répondent à nos espérances, avec des modifications de forme d'arcade significatives, un respect du parodonte, une amélioration de l'équilibre facial et du sourire qui gagne en plénitude

    Leucémie myéloïde chronique

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    La niche hématopoïétique médullaire est une structure pluricellulaire dont les composantes sont actuellement bien identifiées. Les cellules souches hématopoïétiques y sont notamment en contact intime avec des cellules stromales mésenchymateuses, des ostéoblastes et des cellules endothéliales sinusoïdales. Ces relations étroites sont à l’origine d’un équilibre subtil entre des fonctions cellulaires spécialisées (prolifération et quiescence, différenciation et autorenouvellement), assurant ainsi une hématopoïèse efficace. Chez les patients atteints de leucémie myéloïde chronique (LMC), affection clonale de la cellule souche hématopoïétique, des travaux récents ont montré la présence d’un dialogue entre les progéniteurs myéloïdes malins et les cellules du microenvironnement médullaire. Une niche leucémique faite de signaux altérés semble ainsi s’organiser, permettant tout à la fois une prolifération intense de cellules myéloïdes différenciées quittant la niche vers le sang périphérique et le maintien d’un pool de cellules souches leucémiques. Cette niche médullaire pourrait également protéger les cellules souches de LMC des traitements par inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinase et contribuer ainsi à leur résistance vis-à-vis des thérapies ciblées

    Experimental Methodology for Kinetic Acquisitions Using High Velocities in a Microfluidic Device

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    Abstract A theoretical description and an experimental validation of the application of a microfluidic chip with high‐velocity stratified flows for determining chemical kinetics for liquid‐liquid extraction are presented. In the case of uranium extraction under PUREX (plutonium and uranium refining by extraction) process conditions, a simple theoretical model demonstrates the need for high velocities and short residence times of around 10 ms. Confocal microscopy observations of the interface were undertaken to insure the flow stability at such high velocities, and the same experimental protocol was carried out to uranium(VI) extraction at two concentrations. Results show an unexpected variation in the phase homogenization depending on the uranium concentration of the extracted phase

    The downregulation of BAP1 expression by BCR-ABL reduces the stability of BRCA1 in chronic myeloid leukemia.

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    BCR ABLInternational audienceBCR-ABL induces an intrinsic genetic instability in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The protein breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1)-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a deubiquitinase interacting with the DNA repair regulator BRCA1 and is frequently inactivated in many cancers. Here, we report that BAP1 mRNA and protein levels are downregulated in a BCR-ABL1-expressing hematopoietic cell line (UT-7/11). A decrease of BAP1 transcripts is also observed in newly diagnosed CML patients. Moreover, BAP1 protein levels are low or undetectable in CD34(+) cells from CML patients at diagnosis as compared with CD34(+) cells from normal donors. In addition, BRCA1 protein level is reduced in BCR-ABL1-expressing UT-7/11 cells. Finally, the enforced expression of BAP1 is associated with BRCA1 protein deubiquitination and restoration. These results demonstrate BAP1 as a major link with the BCR-ABL-induced downregulation of BRCA1 in CML

    Structures of in Vitro Evolved Binding Sites on Neocarzinostatin Scaffold Reveal Unanticipated Evolutionary Pathways

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    International audienceWe have recently applied in vitro evolution methods to create in Neocarzinostatin a new binding site for a target molecule unrelated to its natural ligand. The main objective of this work was to solve the structure of some of the selected binders in complex with the target molecule: testosterone. Three proteins (1a.15, 3.24 and 4.1) were chosen as representative members of sequence families that came out of the selection process within different randomization schemes. In order to evaluate ligand-induced conformational adaptation, we also determined the structure of one of the proteins (3.24) in the free and complexed forms. Surprisingly, all these mutants bind not one but two molecules of testosterone in two very different ways. The 3.24 structure revealed that the protein spontaneously evolved in the system to bind two ligand molecules in one single binding crevice. These two binding sites are formed by substituted as well as by non-variable sidechains. The comparison with the free structure shows that only limited structural changes are observed upon ligand binding. The X-ray structures of the complex formed by 1a.15 and 4.1 Neocarzinostatin mutants revealed that the two variants form very similar dimers. These dimers were observed neither for the uncomplexed variants nor for wild-type Neocarzinostatin but were shown here to be induced by ligand binding. Comparison of the three complexed forms clearly suggests that these unanticipated structural responses resulted from the molecular arrangement used for the selection experiments

    Modeling the influence of stromal microenvironment in the selection of ENU-induced BCR-ABL1 mutants by tyrosine kinase inhibitors

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    International audienceTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have profoundly changed the natural history of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, acquired resistance to imatinib, dasatinib or nilotinib (1(st) and 2(nd) generation TKIs), due in part to BCR-ABL1 kinase mutations, has been largely described. These drugs are ineffective on the T315I gatekeeper substitution, which remains sensitive to 3(rd) generation TKI ponatinib. It has recently been suggested that the hematopoietic niche could protect leukemic cells from targeted therapy. In order to investigate the role of a stromal niche in mutation-related resistance, we developed a niche-based cell mutagenesis assay. For this purpose, ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea)-exposed UT-7 cells expressing non-mutated or T315I-mutated BCR-ABL1 were cultured with or without murine MS-5 stromal cells and in the presence of imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, or ponatinib. In the assays relative to 1(st) and 2(nd) generation TKIs, which were performed on non-mutated BCR-ABL1 cells, our data highlighted the increasing efficacy of the latter, but did not reveal any substantial effect of the niche. In ponatinib assays performed on both non-mutated and T315I-mutated BCR-ABL1 cells, an increased number of resistant clones were observed in the presence of MS-5. Present data suggested that T315I mutants need either compound mutations (e.g. E255K/T315I) or a stromal niche to escape from ponatinib. Using array-comparative genomic hybridization experiments, we found an increased number of variations (involving some recurrent chromosome regions) in clones cultured on MS-5 feeder. Overall, our study suggests that the hematopoietic niche could play a crucial role in conferring resistance to ponatinib, by providing survival signals and favoring genetic instability

    Modeling the influence of stromal microenvironment in the selection of ENU-induced BCR-ABL1 mutants by tyrosine kinase inhibitors

    No full text
    Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have profoundly changed the natural history of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, acquired resistance to imatinib, dasatinib or nilotinib (1(st) and 2(nd) generation TKIs), due in part to BCR-ABL1 kinase mutations, has been largely described. These drugs are ineffective on the T315I gatekeeper substitution, which remains sensitive to 3(rd) generation TKI ponatinib. It has recently been suggested that the hematopoietic niche could protect leukemic cells from targeted therapy. In order to investigate the role of a stromal niche in mutation-related resistance, we developed a niche-based cell mutagenesis assay. For this purpose, ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea)-exposed UT-7 cells expressing non-mutated or T315I-mutated BCR-ABL1 were cultured with or without murine MS-5 stromal cells and in the presence of imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, or ponatinib. In the assays relative to 1(st) and 2(nd) generation TKIs, which were performed on non-mutated BCR-ABL1 cells, our data highlighted the increasing efficacy of the latter, but did not reveal any substantial effect of the niche. In ponatinib assays performed on both non-mutated and T315I–mutated BCR-ABL1 cells, an increased number of resistant clones were observed in the presence of MS-5. Present data suggested that T315I mutants need either compound mutations (e.g. E255K/T315I) or a stromal niche to escape from ponatinib. Using array-comparative genomic hybridization experiments, we found an increased number of variations (involving some recurrent chromosome regions) in clones cultured on MS-5 feeder. Overall, our study suggests that the hematopoietic niche could play a crucial role in conferring resistance to ponatinib, by providing survival signals and favoring genetic instability
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