40 research outputs found
Pom1 gradient buffering through intermolecular auto-phosphorylation.
Concentration gradients provide spatial information for tissue patterning and cell organization, and their robustness under natural fluctuations is an evolutionary advantage. In rod-shaped Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells, the DYRK-family kinase Pom1 gradients control cell division timing and placement. Upon dephosphorylation by a Tea4-phosphatase complex, Pom1 associates with the plasma membrane at cell poles, where it diffuses and detaches upon auto-phosphorylation. Here, we demonstrate that Pom1 auto-phosphorylates intermolecularly, both in vitro and in vivo, which confers robustness to the gradient. Quantitative imaging reveals this robustness through two system's properties: The Pom1 gradient amplitude is inversely correlated with its decay length and is buffered against fluctuations in Tea4 levels. A theoretical model of Pom1 gradient formation through intermolecular auto-phosphorylation predicts both properties qualitatively and quantitatively. This provides a telling example where gradient robustness through super-linear decay, a principle hypothesized a decade ago, is achieved through autocatalysis. Concentration-dependent autocatalysis may be a widely used simple feedback to buffer biological activities
Exploring the use of a participative design in the early development of a predictive test : the importance of physician involvement
In this study, we contribute to the personalized medicine and health care management literature by developing and testing a new participative design approach. We propose that involving gastroenterologists in the development of a predictive test to assist them in their clinical decision-making process for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases will increase the likelihood of their acceptance of the innovation. Based on data obtained from 6 focus groups across Canada from a total of 28 physicians, analyses reveal that current tools do not enable discriminating between treatment options to find the best fit for each patient. Physicians expect a new predictive tool to have the capability of showing clear reliability and significant benefits for the patient, while being accessible in a timely manner that facilitates clinical decisions. Physicians also insist on their key role in the implementation process, hence confirming the relevance and importance of participative designs in personalized medicine
Patientsâ perception of their involvement in shared treatment decision making : key factors in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Objectives
This study aims to characterize the relationships between the quality of the information given by the physician, the involvement of the patient in shared decision making (SDM), and outcomes in terms of satisfaction and anxiety pertaining to the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Methods
A Web survey was conducted among 200 Canadian patients affected with IBD. The theoretical model of SDM was adjusted using path analysis. SAS software was used for all statistical analyses.
Results
The quality of the knowledge transfer between the physician and the patient is significantly associated with the components of SDM: information comprehension, patient involvement and decision certainty about the chosen treatment. In return, patient involvement in SDM is significantly associated with higher satisfaction and, as a result, lower anxiety as regards treatment selection.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates the importance of involving patients in shared treatment decision making in the context of IBD.
Practice implications
Understanding shared decision making may motivate patients to be more active in understanding the relevant information for treatment selection, as it is related to their level of satisfaction, anxiety and adherence to treatment. This relationship should encourage physicians to promote shared decision making
CD36 Deficiency Leads to Choroidal Involution via COX2 Down-Regulation in Rodents
Florian Sennelaub and colleagues show that CD36 deficiency leads to choroidal involution, a key feature of "dry" age-related macular degeneration, via COX-2 down-regulation in the retinal pigment epithelium
Identification de nouveaux partenaires protéiques de la protéine Werner
Le syndrome de Werner est caractérisé par un vieillissement prématuré. Au niveau cellulaire, nous observons une instabilité chromosomique importante et une sénescence accélérée comparé à des cellules normales. Le gÚne muté (WRN) responsable de ce syndrome code pour une protéine possédant un domaine exonuclease et hélicase à ADN impliqués dans la replication de l'ADN, la réparation et la transcription. Toutefois, nous ne savons toujours pas laquelle de ses fonctions est responsable du vieillissement prématuré. Nous pensons que l'identification de nouvelles protéines interagissant directement avec la protéine WRN pourrait nous donner des réponses. Des analyses par spectrométrie de masse sur 1'immunoprecipitation de la protéine WRN ont permis d'identifier la protéine ribosomale RPS3 et plusieurs autres comme nouveaux partenaires potentiels. Plusieurs approches biochimiques furent utilisées afin de confirmer l'interaction directe entre WRN et RPS3. Nous avons démontré que RPS3 interagit directement avec la protéine WRN in vitro. Des études additionnelles sont requises pour comprendre la fonction de ce complexe in vivo
« Vous Ă©tiez soulagĂ©, mais en mĂȘme temps terrifié » : explorer les gĂ©ographies Ă©motionnelles des admissions et des libĂ©rations dans les prisons fĂ©dĂ©rales canadiennes
Pour la plupart des personnes dĂ©tenues sous responsabilitĂ© fĂ©dĂ©rale, la zone dâadmission et libĂ©ration (AL) est la premiĂšre Ă©tape lors de lâarrivĂ©e dans un pĂ©nitencier au Canada. De nombreuses personnes entrent dans lâaire dâadmission et de libĂ©ration avec des sentiments partagĂ©s de peur, dâanxiĂ©tĂ© et dâanticipation, et se traduisant par de puissants souvenirs Ă©motionnels de cet environnement. Ă travers des donnĂ©es qualitatives recueillies lors de 57 entretiens semi-structurĂ©s auprĂšs de personnes ayant purgĂ© une peine de ressort fĂ©dĂ©ral, nous explorons les gĂ©ographies Ă©motionnelles de lâAL telles quâelles sont vĂ©cues par les participants. Notre analyse se focalise sur les expĂ©riences des participants dans les aires AL des Ă©tablissements Millhaven Ă Bath et Grand Valley Ă Kitchener â deux pĂ©nitenciers en Ontario Ă sĂ©curitĂ© maximale, pour hommes (Millhaven) et pour femmes (Grand Valley). Nous mettons en lumiĂšre comment les espaces AL façonnent les premiĂšres expĂ©riences dâincarcĂ©ration des individus, pour le meilleur ou pour le pire. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, nous soutenons que les espaces AL, et notamment les procĂ©dures dâadmission ayant lieu dans ces espaces, correspondent Ă une « cĂ©rĂ©monie de dĂ©gradation du statut » selon lâappellation de Garfinkel (1956), dont le but nâest pas seulement dâhumilier la personne criminalisĂ©e, mais aussi de reconstituer son identitĂ© en tant quâĂȘtre infĂ©rieur. En effet, alors que le processus dâadmission reproduit activement une cĂ©rĂ©monie de dĂ©gradation du statut, transformant le citoyen libre en un sujet criminalisĂ©, nous soutenons que le processus de libĂ©ration ne rĂ©tablit pas entiĂšrement son identitĂ© ou son statut, et que la stigmatisation persiste tel un fardeau Ă©motionnel.For most federally incarcerated individuals in Canada, Admissions and Discharge (A&D) represents their first stop upon arriving at a penitentiary. Many people step into A&D experiencing feelings of fear, anxiety and anticipation, which result in powerful emotional memories of the space. Using qualitative data gleaned from 57 semi-structured interviews conducted with formerly federally incarcerated individuals, we explore the emotional geographies of A&D. To concentrate our discussion, we focus our analytic attention on participantsâ experiences of A&D spaces at Millhaven Institution and Grand Valley Institutionâmaximum security penitentiaries for men and women, respectively. We contend that A&D spaces, as well as the intake processes they facilitate, fulfil the conditions of what Garfinkel (1956) refers to as a status degradation ceremony, the purpose of which is not only to shame a criminalized person, but also to reconstitute their identity as a lesser being. Additionally, while the admissions process actively reproduces a status degradation ceremony that transforms the free citizen into a criminalized subject, we argue that the discharge process does not wholly reinstate oneâs identity or status upon release, at which time stigmatization lingers as an emotional burden.Para la mayorĂa de los presos federales canadienses, la primera parada al llegar a un centro penitenciario es Admisiones y Altas. Muchas personas entran en Admisiones y Altas -o AA- con sentimientos de miedo, ansiedad y expectaciĂłn, lo que da lugar a fuertes recuerdos emocionales de este espacio. A partir de los datos cualitativos recogidos en 57 entrevistas semiestructuradas con antiguos presos federales, exploramos las geografĂas emocionales de AA. Para acotar nuestro debate, centramos nuestra atenciĂłn analĂtica en las experiencias de los participantes de los espacios de AA en Millhaven Institution y Grand Valley Institution, centros penitenciarios de mĂĄxima seguridad para hombres y mujeres respectivamente. Sostenemos que los espacios AA, y los procesos de admisiĂłn que estos espacios facilitan, cumplen las condiciones de lo que Garfinkel (1956) denomina una ceremonia de degradaciĂłn del estatus, cuyo propĂłsito no es sĂłlo avergonzar a una persona criminalizada, sino tambiĂ©n reconstituir su identidad como un ser inferior. De hecho, aunque el proceso de admisiĂłn reproduce activamente una ceremonia de degradaciĂłn del estatus que transforma al ciudadano libre en un sujeto criminalizado, sostenemos que el proceso de excarcelaciĂłn no restablece totalmente la identidad o el estatus de la persona tras su puesta en libertad, donde la estigmatizaciĂłn persiste como una carga emocional