1,888 research outputs found
Next-to-leading order QCD calculations with parton showers II: soft singularities
Programs that calculate observables in quantum chromodynamics at
next-to-leading order typically generate events that consist of partons rather
than hadrons -- and just a few partons at that. These programs would be much
more useful if the few partons were turned into parton showers, which could be
given to one of the Monte Carlo event generators to produce hadron showers. In
a previous paper, we have seen how to generate parton showers related to the
final state collinear singularities of the perturbative calculation for the
example of e+ + e- --> 3 jets. This paper discusses the treatment of the soft
singularities.Comment: 26 pages with 5 figures. This version is close to the version to be
publishe
Structure of a new dense amorphous ice
The detailed structure of a new dense amorphous ice, VHDA, is determined by isotope substitution neutron diffraction. Its structure is characterized by a doubled occupancy of the stabilizing interstitial location that was found in high density amorphous ice, HDA. As would be expected for a thermally activated unlocking of the stabilizing "interstitial," the transition from VHDA to LDA (low-density amorphous ice) is very sharp. Although its higher density makes VHDA a better candidate than HDA for a physical manifestation of the second putative liquid phase of water, as for the HDA case, the VHDA to LDA transition also appears to be kinetically controlled
General subtraction method for numerical calculation of one-loop QCD matrix elements
We present a subtraction scheme for eliminating the ultraviolet, soft, and
collinear divergences in the numerical calculation of an arbitrary one-loop QCD
amplitude with an arbitrary number of external legs. The subtractions consist
of local counter terms in the space of the four-dimensional loop momentum. The
ultraviolet subtraction terms reproduce MSbar renormalization. The key point in
the method for the soft and collinear subtractions is that, although the
subtraction terms are defined graph-by-graph and the matrix element is also
calculated graph-by-graph, the sum over graphs of the integral of each the
subtraction term can be evaluated analytically and provides the well known
simple pole structure that arises from subtractions from real emission graphs,
but with the opposite sign.Comment: 38 pages, 10 figures, axodraw styl
Market Risk and Market-Implied Inflation Expectations
We examine interactions between market risk and market-implied inflation expectations. We argue that these interactions are asymmetric and varied in time. Specifically, market risk becomes elevated by expectations of either very low or high expected inflation. Market risk does not react to expectations of moderate, stable inflation. In our analysis, market risk is proxied by VIX and market-implied inflation expectations are reflected by five- and ten-year breakeven inflation. We use daily data for 5 and 10 year breakeven inflation and VIX for the sample period January 3, 2003 – January 24, 2019 for empirical testing. We employ asymptotic VAR, multiple breakpoint regression and Markov switching tests to examine changeable patterns in these interactions. Our tests indicate prevalence of responses of expected low inflation or deflation to higher market risk, mainly for the 5-year breakeven inflation series. These responses are particularly significant during the run-up and aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis
X-ray Diffraction and Molecular Dynamics Study of Medium-range Order in Ambient and Hot Water
We have developed x-ray diffraction measurements with high energy-resolution
and accuracy to study water structure at three different temperatures (7, 25
and 66 C) under normal pressure. Using a spherically curved Ge crystal an
energy resolution better than 15 eV has been achieved which eliminates
influence from Compton scattering. The high quality of the data allows a
precise oxygen-oxygen pair correlation function (PCF) to be directly derived
from the Fourier transform of the experimental data resolving shell structure
out to ~12 {\AA}, i.e. 5 hydration shells. Large-scale molecular dynamics (MD)
simulations using the TIP4P/2005 force-field reproduce excellently the
experimental shell-structure in the range 4-12 {\AA} although less agreement is
seen for the first peak in the PCF. The Local Structure Index [J. Chem. Phys.
104, 7671 (1996)] identifies a tetrahedral minority giving the
intermediate-range oscillations in the PCF and a disordered majority providing
a more featureless background in this range. The current study supports the
proposal that the structure of liquid water, even at high temperatures, can be
described in terms of a two-state fluctuation model involving local structures
related to the high-density and low-density forms of liquid water postulated in
the liquid-liquid phase transition hypothesis.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Chem. Chem. Phy
Microscopic Structure of Liquid Nitric Oxide
The microscopic structure of nitric oxide is investigated using neutron scattering experiments. The measurements are performed at various temperatures between 120 and 144 K and at pressures between 1.1 and 9 bar. Using the technique of empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR), our results show that the dimer is the main form, around 80%, of nitric oxide in the liquid phase at 120 K, but the degree of dissociation to monomers increases with increasing temperature. The reported degree of dissociation of dimers, and its trend with increasing temperature, is consistent with earlier measurements and studies. It is also shown that nonplanar dimers are not inconsistent with the diffraction data and that the possibility of nitric oxide molecules forming longer oligomers, consisting of bonded nitrogen atoms along the backbone, cannot be ruled out in the liquid. A molecular dynamics simulation is used to compare the present EPSR simulations with an earlier proposed intermolecular potential for the liquid
Reducing full one-loop amplitudes to scalar integrals at the integrand level
We show how to extract the coefficients of the 4-, 3-, 2- and 1-point
one-loop scalar integrals from the full one-loop amplitude of arbitrary
scattering processes. In a similar fashion, also the rational terms can be
derived. Basically no information on the analytical structure of the amplitude
is required, making our method appealing for an efficient numerical
implementationComment: updated versio
Efficiency improvements for the numerical computation of NLO corrections
In this paper we discuss techniques, which lead to a significant improvement
of the efficiency of the Monte Carlo integration, when one-loop QCD amplitudes
are calculated numerically with the help of the subtraction method and contour
deformation. The techniques discussed are: holomorphic and non-holomorphic
division into sub-channels, optimisation of the integration contour,
improvement of the ultraviolet subtraction terms, importance sampling and
antithetic variates in loop momentum space, recurrence relations.Comment: 34 pages, version to be publishe
Quark Mass Effects in Fermionic Decays of the Higgs Boson in Perturbative QCD
The results of analytical evaluation of QCD contributions due
to the nonvanishing quark masses to
are presented. The ``triangle anomaly'' type contributions are included. As a
byproduct the logarithmic contributions are evaluated. The
results are presented both in terms of running and pole quark masses. The
partial decay modes and are considered. The calculated corrections decrease the absolute
value of large and negative massless limit coefficient by in the intermediate mass region and by 1\%20\% in the low mass region
which, however, is experimentally ruled out.
The results are relevant for decay mode for the
higher Higgs mass region where the mass effects are large and important. The
high order corrections remove a very large discrepancy between the results for
in terms of running and pole quark
masses almost completely and reduce the scale dependence from about 40\% to
nearly 5\%.Comment: 16 pages, LATeX, +5 figures available upon request, preprint OITS-543
(University of Oregon, USA, May 1994). ( Additions are made: Previous general
result for the H-->qq is applied to the H-->tt decay mode where the
calculated corrections are significant.
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