Optimization of supply chain management by simulation based RFID with XBEE Network

The aim of every Supply Chain Management (SCM) is to reduce the operational cost and maximize the benefits. These necessitate the use of advance technology to optimize the operational activities. Among the widely used technology in recent years is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). It is an advanced Auto-ID wireless network based configuration system used for identification and tracking of items movement data. Technically, basic requirements for deploying RFID network are to identify the number of readers needed, location of the readers and the efficient parameter setting for each reader. Among the problems associated with RFID technology are the multi-objective optimizations, which include tags coverage, economic efficiency, interference and load balance. In order to solve this problem, a simulation based “Multi-Colony Global Particle Swarm Optimization (MC-GPSO)” algorithm was developed. This algorithm computes the optimal results of objective functions in a scientific manner. However, RFID reader is an expensive and has limited data transmission range. It alone cannot transmit data to the main server. Thus, its communication range was enhanced by the integration of RFID with XBee (ZigBee) wireless mesh network devices. Furthermore, the identification data need to be monitored and transmitted to the business organizations, which are connected through the network. This has been achieved by the integration of RFID-XBee network with database connectivity through Internet of Things (IoT). This integrated system provides the visibility of items at real time identification and tracking activity at single control platform. This system also provides data sharing activity with business enterprises using IoT. The benefits of this system include reduction of shrinkage and data transfer time in global network. This system also increases the accuracy, productivity and improves delivery of service in supply chain to the optimum level. This would contribute towards a more sustainable and green supply chain management

Application of X-Ray Computed Tomography for Analyzing Cleats and Pores for Coalbed Methane in Coal from Thar Coalfield

The CT (Computed Tomography) is a non-destructive technique that can provide information of internal structure of coal in two-dimensional, this technology is now widely used in geoscientific research. This technique is used for the measuring cleat dimension and pore width of the Thar coal. The slicing study of Thar coal shows that the length of cleats in various seams ranges from 0.5-5mm and the aperture of these cleats vary between 0.1-0.5mm. The porosity also plays an important role in storage and production of coalbed methane, the size or width of pores in coal under investigation ranges between 0.1-0.7mm. The present investigation shows that Seam-III and V of the can be considered as viable as hold a potential for CBM (Coalbed Methane) resources, however, the coal samples from these seams need to be analyzed for the presence of methane In Thar coalfield, the pore volume ranges from 0.06-2.36 cc/g and pore diameter in Thar coal ranges from meso-pore and macro-pore (34.81-121.51Å). These meso and macro-pores serve as transport pathways, and little methane is stored in these pores in the adsorbed stat

Municipal Solid Waste Management and Waste to Energy in Karachi Pakistan

The environmental protection agency shows that the solid waste management of Karachi city lies in the underdeveloped category. Organics, paper, plastics, bread, metals, bones, textile and many other components are key in this area. The current methods for disposing of solid waste in cities, land-filling and other schemes are compared. Energy crises and solid waste at this large scale has forced cities to the edges of collapsing. Still, it is feasible to convert this huge problem into a profitable business. With the exception of dumping or burning, waste can be used to produce energy. Through bio-chemical and thermo-chemical processes, almost 0.01% of the total energy demand can be reproduced from the waste mentioned above. There is a need to promote the production of energy from solid waste and the utilization of different wastes in a useful manner. Instead of using ineffective waste management schemes, proper waste management schemes can solve both problems at the same time. A huge amount of revenue can be generated from Karachi solid waste, but all this depends upon awareness and suitable technology. The focus of this paper is to emphasize the importance of recycling and energy. The choice of proper methods for treatment, fermentation, anaerobic digestion and the reasons for properly operating all solid waste management bodies are discussed in detail in this study. The Decision support System tool and its importance is also discussed in terms of the field of solid waste choice makers

PdO@CoSe2 composites: efficient electrocatalysts for water oxidation in alkaline media

In this study, we have prepared cobalt selenide (CoSe2) due to its useful aspects from a catalysis point of view such as abundant active sites from Se edges, and significant stability in alkaline conditions. CoSe2, however, has yet to prove its functionality, so we doped palladium oxide (PdO) onto CoSe2 nanostructures using ultraviolet (UV) light, resulting in an efficient and stable water oxidation composite. The crystal arrays, morphology, and chemical composition of the surface were studied using a variety of characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was also demonstrated that the composite systems were heterogeneous in their morphology, undergoing a shift in their diffraction patterns, suffering from a variety of metal oxidation states and surface defects. The water oxidation was verified by a low overpotential of 260 mV at a current density of 20 mA cm(-2) with a Tafel Slope value of 57 mV dec(-1). The presence of multi metal oxidation states, rich surface edges of Se and favorable charge transport played a leading role towards water oxidation with a low energy demand. Furthermore, 48 h of durability is associated with the composite system. With the use of PdO and CoSe2, new, low efficiency, simple electrocatalysts for water catalysis have been developed, enabling the development of practical energy conversion and storage systems. This is an excellent alternative approach for fostering growth in the field.Funding Agencies|Ajman University [2022-IRG-HBS-5]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC 51402065, 51603053]</p