Carrier to Noise ratio Performance Evaluation for Optical SSB Signal in Radio over Fiber System

The optical and wireless communication systems convergence will activate the potential capacity of photonic technology for providing the expected growth in interactive video, voice communication and data traffic services that are cost effective and a green communication service. The last decade growth of the broadband internet projects the number of active users will grow to over 2 billion globally by the end of 2014. Enabling the abandoned capacity of photonic signal processing is the promising solution for seamless transportation of the future consumer traffic demand. One emerging technology applicable in high capacity, broadband millimeter-wave access systems is Radio over Fiber also called Fiber To The Air (FTTA). In this paper, Optical SSB signal is specifically selected as it has tolerance for power degradation due to dispersion effects over a length of fiber and CNR (carrier to noise ratio) performance is evaluated in terms of phase noise from RF oscillator Linewidth and laser linewidth. Signal degradation is studied for various lengths of fibers in the presence of fiber chromatic dispersio

Development of Tungsten Based Alloy Through Nano Structuring

Tungsten based alloys are extensively used in the defence application due to their high density and ability to withstand very high temperature. Solid state processing of pure and W based alloys is, however, a difficult task due to the high sintering temperature (2700°C) required to sinter them. Liquid phase sintered W heavy alloys has been used as penetrators, but they can’t be used for applications above 1200°C. Recently has shown that the sintering temperature of pure W could be brought down to ~1800°C from the conventional 2700°C by making the W-powder nanostructured prior to sintering. Present work aims at developing Oxidation resistant W-based refractory alloys through mechanical alloying is followed by solid state sintering at modest temperature. Proper sintered alloys has to be studied. Sintered density of W50Mo50 after sintering for 300 min at 1500°C was 92.5%, and it could be considered as a very significant extent of densification at this relatively low temperature, when compared to conventional sintering of microcrystalline W at 2700°C or above. Mechanical properties viz., hardness and elastic modulus of sintered W, determined by Nanoindentation tests, have been nearly similar to that of the conventional sintered W. The crystallite size and lattice strain of the nanostructured powders have been calculated from the X -ray diffraction patterns by Williamson-Hall method. Results of analysis showed that crystallite size of elemental W powder could be brought down to 40 nm after five h of ball milling. But further milling caused a significant level of contamination from the grinding media indicating severe work hardening of nanostructured

Length variation of chloroplast simple sequence repeats in the genus Eucalyptus L'Hér.

Eucalyptus L'Hér. is an economically important genus of plants with several environmental significances and great industrial advantages. To accelerate breeding and conservation studies, efforts on molecular breeding and molecular genetic analysis are underway in the genus Eucalyptus. Despite these efforts, no sufficient information is available about common, polymorphic and unique chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs) in the genus Eucalyptus. . These repeats consist of 1-6 nucleotides and play important role in the development of molecular markers, genetic mapping and plant breeding. In the present study, a total of 920 cpSSRs were detected and length variation of cpSSRs analysed between each pair of species among 31 chloroplast genome sequences of the genus Eucalyptus. Additionally, cross species transferability of common and polymorphic cpSSRs were also observed. The common, unique and putative polymorphic cpSSRs analysed in this study can be used for species identification and genetic diversity studies of Eucalyptus

Remote Patient Monitoring and MANET: Applications and Challenges

In the recent years, we have seen a rapid advancement in the field of mobile computing due to the rapid increase in the no. of inexpensive, widely available wireless devices. However, modern devices, applications and protocols solely focuses on cellular or wireless local area networks (WLANs), not taking into account the great potential offered by mobile ad hoc networking.. Apart from conventional SMS and voice calling, the mobile technology has found tremendous applications in various departments such as military services, healthcare services, etc. In this paper, we have discussed a prototype of a wireless patient monitoring system for the management of cardiac predicament and also compared its implication in ad hoc network environment. This is because it is not always practical to maintain wireless mobile communication in remote areas and hilly terrains and these places usually lack good doctors and proper health care facilities to treat various diseases. This problem has been addressed in this paper by the design and implementation of an Ad hoc sensor network based solution. The proposed technique is intended specifically for remote rural areas where the infrastructural facilities such as the internet, GSM/GPRS etc are not available. There are various health parameters like pulse rate, temperature etc. through which patients can be monitored. The work can be categorised into three stages of data acquisition, data processing and data communication stages. A data acquisition stage consists of sensors to monitor the temperature and pulse rate. The sensor outputs are converted to digital form and read by a basic atmega16 microcontroller which does some processing and is sent through the serial port to the data processing software. In data processing module critical values of the measured data can be set; exceeding which the processer will initiate the communication unit to send SMS to the predefined mobile numbers via GSM module. When any deviation from the normal behaviour is detected or the received parameters of the patient goes beyond the threshold limit, the processing unit automatically transmits therelevant data to the receiver’s device as a SMS via a GSM module and at the same time the buzzer starts ringing. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150616

Self-Guidance and Self-Focusing of Rippled Electromagnetic Radiation Pulse in High Density Magnetoactive Plasma

Inside the plasma, when an intense rippled electromagnetic radiation pulse experiences self-focusing, one need to taking account of radial expansion in view of charge displacement due to ponderomotive force on electron and variation in the mass of oscillating electron under the influence of relativistic effect due to electromagnetic field. The extraordinary-mode (E-mode) propagation in a magnetoactive plasma, with stationary magnetic field, which is analogous to the wavering magnetic field of the electromagnetic radiation pulse, is the key feature for the self-guided propagation of rippling electromagnetic radiation pulse in magnetoactive plasma. If the condition for ultra-fast volume ionization is achieved, the radiation pulse itself can generate such a stationary magnetic field. It is demonstrated that external magnetic field affects the channels, causing them to bend. These effects cast new light on the phenomena of self-focusing of rippled electromagnetic radiation pulse. They raise the possibility of combining energy from several channels into one. It is found that the magnetic field strongly influences the plasma dynamic behavior and overall propagation of rippled electromagnetic radiation pulse. Keywords: Self-focusing, Self-guidance, Magnetized-plasma, Beam-propagation, Nonlinearit

The inevitability of death

An explanation to a very interesting fictional story from the book 'A confession' by Tolstoy that sings about the inevitability of death

Gene: The protagonist

Evolution is indeed melodramatic and erratic, when someone tries to look back or in the future through the evolution with convinced data, it becomes vague after getting certain information, and the only thing left to rely on is "hypothesis". However, one can appreciate the unfailing and linear phenomenon of genes flowing since the beginning. It's not the gene merely flowing by the means of reproduction or division but also selectively gathering the information in the form of a gene by the means of mutation guided by the environment. Since from the cyanobacteria, genes start running to us by a perpetual succession of mutation, reproduction, and selection. In this huge period of the evolutionary equation, merely the genome appears as the constant value; why is this so? That's because it carries a unique paradigm of molecules within and hence an affinity difference between specific complementary which is the principle of coding. In this article, I'll be showing you how nucleotides form alliances with other nucleotides, making every molecule dance through the course of evolution. I also took a chance to „define life‟ and the little gap between living and life through an evolutionary perspective, where I emphasized a novel parameter of classification of living being and the selfish nature of the genome, which creates such a bizarre living/conscious system just to exchange information to modify and propagate itself

The G protein-coupled receptors in the pufferfish Takifugu rubripes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Guanine protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a eukaryotic transmembrane protein family and function as “molecular switches” in the second messenger cascades and are found in all organisms between yeast and humans. They form the single, biggest drug-target family due to their versatility of action and their role in several physiological functions, being active players in detecting the presence of light, a variety of smells and tastes, amino acids, nucleotides, lipids, chemicals etc. in the environment of the cell. Comparative genomic studies on model organisms provide information on target receptors in humans and their function. The Japanese teleost Fugu has been identified as one of the smallest vertebrate genomes and a compact model to study the human genome, owing to the great similarity in its gene repertoire with that of human and other vertebrates. Thus the characterization of the GPCRs of Fugu would provide insights to the evolution of the vertebrate genome.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We classified the GPCRs in the Fugu genome and our analysis of its 316 membrane-bound receptors, available on the public databases as well as from literature, detected 298 GPCRs that were grouped into five main families according to the GRAFS classification system (namely, Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled and Secretin). We also identified 18 other GPCRs that could not be grouped under the GRAFS family and hence were classified as ‘Other 7TM’ receptors. On comparison of the GPCR information from the Fugu genome with those in the human and chicken genomes, we detected 96.83% (306/316) and 96.51% (305/316) orthology in GPCRs among the Fugu-human genomes and Fugu-chicken genomes, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study reveals the position of pisces in vertebrate evolution from the GPCR perspective. Fugu can act as a reference model for the human genome for other protein families as well, going by the high orthology observed for GPCRs between Fugu and human. The evolutionary comparison of GPCR sequences between key vertebrate classes of mammals, birds and fish will help in identifying key functional residues and motifs so as to fill in the blanks in the evolution of GPCRs in vertebrates.</p

Information Needs, Seeking Behaviours and Retrieval of Faculty Members and PG Students of Faculty of Arts and Humanities, C.C.S. University Campus, Meerut: A Study

The study analyzed the information seeking behaviours of the faculty members and postgraduate students of faculty of Arts, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. A total of 120 well-structured questionnaires were distributed among faculty members &amp; P.G. Students of faculty of Arts, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. The questionnaires were checked, and 100 questionnaires were found fit for analysis, out of which 20 were considered unusable. The present study demonstrates and elaborates the reasons for seeking information, various types of formal, informal and electronic information sources used by users ,methods used for keeping abreast of current development, problems faced by the users in accessioning information for research purposes, satisfaction with the the library sources and services and other facilities available in the libraries. Suggestions have been given to make the service more beneficial in the of Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India