Solid Control System for Maximizing Drilling

This chapter focuses on the development of solid control system that is suited for drilling 12.25-inch hole. The first part discusses the performance of rate of penetration (ROP), equivalent circulating density (ECD) and drill string drag while the second part of the chapter discusses about the effect of solid control system performance to mud properties plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), and low gravity solid (LGS). The input parameters were gathered from two different set up of solid control systems that were used in Well A and Well B. The result is mainly based on the performance of original solid control system new design vs. old design. Installation of distributor tank and channeling the mud to respective shale shakers significantly enhanced the system and operational performance. The ROP at 12.25-inch drilling was improved by 20%. New design, on an average, improved the ECD margin by reducing additional pressure exerted using original mud from 4.9 to 2.9%. High ECD margin is not recommended because it can break the weak formation. Mud properties while drilling the 12.25-inch hole section; PV, YP and LGS values were improved by 14, 17, and 25% respectively

Optimization of Water-based Drilling Fluid Using Non-ionic and Anionic Surfactant Additives

AbstractDrilling fluid with better rheological and filtration properties control are required to optimise the performance of oil well drilling. In this study, a non-ionic and anionic surfactant was used as an additive in water-based drilling fluid to optimize their rheological and filtration properties. The rheology of water-based drilling fluid was taken after being hot rolled for 16hours at 250oF and 275oF, while the filtration tests were conducted at temperatures up to 300oF. It was found that non-ionic and anionic surfactant in water-based drilling fluid improved rheological and filtration properties. Moreover, surfactant additives are 41.3% more effective in reducing the filtration loss compared to the mud without surfactants. The long chain of non-ionic and ionic surfactant might result in a more viscous fluid, blocking the pores and forming a tight filter cake. The surfactants also caused water-based drilling fluids become more resistant at the higher temperature as shown by improved and stabilised the rheology and filtration properties after the hot aging process

EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Leaving the house for a long time can make the owner worry, because many problems can occur, such as fire, flood and theft so that required a security system installed in the house so the owner can find out quickly if there is interference in the house and can immediately take action. Lots of current technology that can be applied to solve these problems, in this research the equipment used to monitor and command execution is a Programmable Logic Control (PLC), using PLC as control devices can be created an early warning system, where the system will detect multiple sensors that will inform the owner via SMS if there is case of disruption in the house

Percentage difference of resistivity of nanoparticles in determining crude oil using sand-pack experimental method

Nanoparticle with its nanoscale can be used as a data collector in every part of the development of the petroleum field. By having a hydrophilic condition for the nanoparticles, it can move to the targeted area in the water zone. The hydrophilic condition will differentiate between oil zone and water zone. The objective of the study is to use the hydrophilic nanoparticles to detect the oil and water zones using sand-pack displacement test. An experiment using the sand-pack method was done to show that the hydrophilic nanoparticles can be used to collect data. The nanoparticles used were aluminum oxide (Al) and nickel zinc ferrite oxide (NiZnFeO). The results showed that for NiZnFeO, at 3-inch distance from the injection point, the percentage difference increased from 15% to 25%, while for Al2O, the nanoparticles also showed the same increment but different in values, which were from 6% to 15%. This is shown by the significant change of resistivity percentage at the 3-inch distance. To conclude, the use of both types of nanoparticles that have hydrophilic nanoparticles can show the significant changes for resistivity at internal short front face of well reservoir with oil zone only

IP Based Module for Building Automation System

Embedded systems technology has a lot of applications in the various fields of life to bring ease and comfort for humans. One kind of applications is in the development of modern buildings, where embedded systems are applied to the control system. Building Automation Systems (BAS) are often encountered in modern buildings today. They are responsible to automatically control the building appliances such as electrical equipments, fire alarms, security systems, and others. Conventionally, a smart home that can be controlled by an embedded system is connected to a central monitoring unit such as a computer. The system commonly employs RS232 or RS485 serial communication, so that the control activities cannot be carried out from a long distance. With the rapid technology development in the field of communication, many recent communication devices are practical and have a good performance. One of them is a device with the Android operating system that can access the internet, thus it has a significant role in simplifying the management of smart homes. This research proposes the design of a smart home that can conserve energy by turning off unneeded electrical appliances, detect disorders such as flood, fire, and theft, and also serve as an early warning system through SMS Gateway. It can be monitored and controlled remotely over the Internet by an Android device

Bio-Based Oil Drilling Fluid Improvements through Carbon- Based Nanoparticle Additives

Performance issues of vegetable oil or bio-based oil drilling fluids are generally inferior as compared to synthetic based drilling fluids. This chapter focuses largely on thermal conductivity and rheological properties of bio-based oil drilling fluid as its core issues. Unstable drilling fluids do not only incur in downtime for maintenance, but it indirectly affects production capacity as well. To overcome these issues, nanoparticles acts as additives to improve the thermo-physical traits of bio-based oil drilling fluid. The scope of this chapter focuses on dispersion of graphene oxide at very low concentration, namely 25, 50 and 100 ppm, to improve the thermal conductivity and rheological properties of bio-based oil drilling fluid. The data obtained from thermal conductivity and rheological experimental works were validated with various thermal conductivity and rheological models

Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Publik, Profesionalisme, Kinerja Pegawai Sebagai Upaya Kepuasan Masyarakat (Studi Pada Kelurahan Turi Kecamatan Sukorejo Kota Blitar)

Pelayanan publik merupakan tugas wajib daripada aparatur pemerintah sebagai abdi masyarakat. Pengertian tersebut mengandung pengertian bahwa dalam melaksanakan tugasnya harus senantiasa berusaha melayani kepentingan masyarakat dengan mentaati peraturan yang berlaku. Tipe penelitian ini merupakan tipe peneliti eksplanatori dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif statistik, yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menguji ada tidaknya hubungan dan pengaruh antara variabel-variabel bebas dan terikat. Yaitu antara variabel kualitas pelayanan publik, Profesionalisme dan Kinerja Pegawai dengan kepuasan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan di Kelurahan Turi Kecamatan Sukorejo Kota Blitar. Hasil penelitian yang mendukung adanya pengaruh yang signifikan kualitas pelayanan publik, profesionalisme, kinerja pegawai terhadap tingkat kepuasan masyarakat di Kelurahan Turi Kecamatan Sukorejo Kota Blita

MAXIMIZING DRILLING PERFORMANCE THROUGH ENHANCED SOLID CONTROL SYSTEM

High solid content in drilling mud may affect its properties and result in uncertainties at downhole condition. It eventually contributes to poor rig operation performance and operating cost. This research focus on developing a solid control system that is suit for drilling 12.25-inch hole. The first part discussed on the effect of solid control system performance to mud properties Plastic Viscosity (PV), Yield Point (YP) and Low-Gravity Solid (LGS) while the second part of research discussed about the mud performance to Rate of Penetration (ROP), Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) and drill string drag. The input parameters such PV, YP, LGS, ROP, LGS, ECD and drill string drag were gathered from two different set up of solid control systems that were used in Well A and Well B. The result was mainly based on the performance of old design and new design solid control system. Installation of mud flow distributor tank to channel the mud into respective shale shakers significantly enhanced the mud treatment capability and operational performance. Mud properties while drilling the 12.25-inch hole section; PV, YP and LGS values were improved by 14%, 17% and 25% respectively. The ROP improved by 25%, ECD margin by reducing additional pressure exerted using original mud from 4.9% to 2.9% and drill string drag friction factor (FF) concentrated within 0.2FF trend. Proper mud flow control and routing system at new develop design of solid control system effectively removed the solid in the drilling fluid. This improvement minimizes the tendency of frequent mud flow, screen mesh plugging and tool wear issue. Mud properties such PV, YP and LGS were maintained with an acceptable mud design envelope

Study of Lateral Vibration of Drilling String with Mass Imbalance Using Finite Element

The objectives of this study were to analyze the first three critical frequency, critical speeds and mode shapes of the drilling string due to lateral vibration. Drilling string vibrations pose a major challenge to the operational efficiency of the drilling process in the oil and gas industry. The mass imbalance in the drilling string caused by Measured While Drilling (MWD) tools and drill collar sag disrupts the accuracy of the drilling operation and can give rise to huge vibration thereby damaging the down hole components. Since the surface readings are not reliable measured of drilling string lateral vibration, it becomes necessary to study drilling string vibration under Finite Element method. In this project, ANSYS software was used to build the geometry of a drilling string model and appropriate boundary conditions were applied to the model such that the drilling string experiences lateral vibrations. The component of mass imbalance was introduced to the drilling string by adding an equivalent weight eccentrically on one side of the drilling string. Modal analysis was performed to determine the mode shapes and the first three critical frequencies of the drilling string. The effect of mass imbalance was studied by comparing the first three critical frequencies before and after the addition of the imbalance. The results showed an increase in natural frequency to 2.03Hz, 2.23Hz, and 4.63Hz were imposed on the deformation of drilling string. Since the normal operating speeds of a drilling string rotary table is around 100-200 RPM, it was clear that the drilling string without mass imbalance, the resonance of the drilling string occurs at 85 and 262 RPM which is clearly out of the operating speeds. But when a mass imbalance is introduced to the drilling string, the resonance occurs at 121, 133 and 277 RPM. The two operating speeds cause resonance which can critically damage the drilling string. The drilling string which consists of the stabilisers and bit are subject to almost no displacements at all.  The best practices of this study are very useful for identify the safe operating ranges of rotary speed for the drilling string and identify the lateral displacement of a critical component for a range of frequencies, thereby avoiding damage to the drilling string

ASSESSMENT OF MAGNESIUM OXIDE (MGO) AND SILICA DIOXIDE (SIO2) NANO-FLUIDS ADDITION WITH SURFACTANTS AS NEW TECHNIQUE TO CONTROL FINES MIGRATION

Formation damage in oil reservoirs because of fines migration is among the main contributors to productivity decline. Conventionally, chemical methods such as complex organic polymers are used to prevent fines migration by stabilizing or maintain the fines particles in aggregated form. However, most of the chemical fines stabilizer is not robust, which functionalize based on the composition of exchangeable cations in clay minerals, temporary stabilization and are not environmentally friendly. In this research work, qualitative methods were developed to investigate the potential of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Silica Dioxide (SiO2) Nano-Fluids addition with surfactants (Triton X-100 and Tween 80) as a new technique to control fines migration. Silicon Dioxide nanoparticles used in this experiment are in the form of colloidal silica with spherically sized at 10-15 nm then stabilized electrostatically to allow the particles to stay suspended in the solution. To measure the Nano-Fluids and fines solution stability, the minerals (kaolinite, bentonite and illite-smectite) crushed and suspended in 100 mL distilled water with 0.20%, 0.50%, 1.50% and 3% concentration, respectively. The suspended fines solutions left for 24 hours. Solution stability measured using the Zetasizer Nano ZSP by recording their turbidity (NTU) and zeta potential (mV). The results from the assessment shown that bentonite and kaolinite fines are more susceptible to migration in sandstone reservoirs due to their high colloidal stability from their zeta potential measurements and their morphologies. It can also be concluded that Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) is more stable when these nanoparticles are suspended in de-ionized water only, which gives zeta potential values of -26.10 mV. The addition of surfactants (Triton X-100 and Tween 80) has also shown significant results on protected fines migration. Triton X-100 and Tween 80 increased Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) Nano-fluid zeta potential value at -30.6 mV, which is beneficial for the Nano-Fluid to travel deeper into the formation to treat problematic areas of fines migration