Outcomes of Arthroscopic vs. Open Biceps Tenodesis for Treatment of SLAP Lesion in Female Patients

Background: Biceps tenodesis (BT) is one alternative treatment to repair of superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) tears. It can be performed as an arthroscopy or open procedure. While there have been studies comparing the outcomes of SLAP repair procedures with BT for the treatment of SLAP tears, literature comparing arthroscopic and open BT for the treatment of SLAP tears is limited. Additionally, no previous study has specifically examined the outcomes of these procedures in female patients. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes following Arthroscopic BT and Open BT for SLAP tears in females. The authors hypothesized there would be no difference in outcomes between patients who underwent arthroscopic or open procedures. Study Design: Retrospective Cohort (level III) Methods: Female patients who underwent arthroscopic or open BT for treatment of SLAP tears between 1/1/2014 and 9/1/2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients undergoing a concomitant procedure were excluded. A minimum of 2 years postoperatively patients completed American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), single assessment numerical evaluation (SANE), and visual analog scale (VAS), and a custom return to activity surveys. Results: This study included 27 female patients; 14 (51.9%) underwent arthroscopic BT and 13 (48.1%) underwent open BT. There was no significant difference between cohorts in terms of age (P = .679), BMI (P = .382), Height (P = .989), Weight (P = .452), laterality of procedure (P = .678), or rate of surgery taking place on the dominant side (P = 1.000). Groups had similar post-operative ASES scores (85.9 vs 73.6, P = .238), SANE scores (81.4 vs 78.6, P = .922), VAS (16.8 vs 32.5, P = .248). Furthermore, rates of participation in sport prior to surgery (P = .236), rate of return to sport following surgery (P = 1.000), and time it took to return to sport (P = .915) were similar between groups. Conclusion: Female patients undergoing surgical treatment of SLAP lesions with either arthroscopic or open BT show comparable subjective outcomes and return to sport at minimum 2 years. Further research is necessary to define precise treatment indications for this pathology in this specific female patient population

Comparison of Patient Outcomes in Female Patients Undergoing SLAP Repair or Biceps Tenodesis for the Treatment of SLAP Lesions

Background: There is no consensus on whether SLAP repair (SR) or biceps tenodesis (BT) yields superior long-term outcomes in managing superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) tears. No previous study has examined outcomes of these procedures in female patients. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes following SR and BT for SLAP tears in females. The authors hypothesized there would be no difference in outcomes between patients who underwent SR or BT. Study Design: Retrospective Cohort (level III) Methods: Female patients who underwent SR or BT for treatment of SLAP tears between 1/1/2014 and 9/1/2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients undergoing a concomitant procedure were excluded. Patients completed American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), single assessment numerical evaluation (SANE), and visual analog scale (VAS), and a custom return to activity surveys at a minimum 2 years post-operatively. Results: The study included 65 female patients; 38 (58.4%) underwent arthroscopic SR and 27 (41.5%) underwent open- or arthroscopic-BT. There was no significant difference in laterality of procedure but patients in the SR group were significantly younger (36.7±8.44 years vs. 44.4±10.4 years, P = .003). At minimum 2-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in ASES scores (SLAP: 78.3 vs BT: 80.0, P = .591), SANE scores (77.0 vs 80.1, P = .722) or VAS scores (26.4 vs 24.4, P = .530). Furthermore, rates of participation in sports prior to surgery (58.8%vs 37.0%, P = .152) and rates of return-to-sport after surgery (75.0% vs 80.0%, P = 1.000) did not significantly differ. Conclusion: Female patients undergoing surgical treatment of SLAP lesions with either SR or BT show comparable subjective outcomes and return to sport at minimum 2 years. These results are comparable to those seen in prior studies focusing on predominantly male cohorts. Further research is necessary to define precise treatment indications for this pathology in this specific female patient population

Exact half-BPS Type IIB interface solutions I: Local solution and supersymmetric Janus

The complete Type IIB supergravity solutions with 16 supersymmetries are obtained on the manifold $AdS_4 \times S^2 \times S^2 \times \Sigma$ with $SO(2,3) \times SO(3) \times SO(3)$ symmetry in terms of two holomorphic functions on a Riemann surface $\Sigma$, which generally has a boundary. This is achieved by reducing the BPS equations using the above symmetry requirements, proving that all solutions of the BPS equations solve the full Type IIB supergravity field equations, mapping the BPS equations onto a new integrable system akin to the Liouville and Sine-Gordon theories, and mapping this integrable system to a linear equation which can be solved exactly. Amongst the infinite class of solutions, a non-singular Janus solution is identified which provides the AdS/CFT dual of the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills interface theory discovered recently. The construction of general classes of globally non-singular solutions, including fully back-reacted $AdS_5 \times S^5$ and supersymmetric Janus doped with D5 and/or NS5 branes, is deferred to a companion paper.Comment: LaTeX, 69 pages, 3 figures, v2: references adde

A Molecular Phylogenomic Analysis of the ILR1-Like Family of IAA Amidohydrolase Genes

The ILR1-like family of hydrolase genes was initially isolated in Arabidopsis thaliana and is thought to help regulate levels of free indole-3-acetic-acid.We have investigated how this family has evolved in dicotyledon, monocotyledon and gymnosperm species by employing the GenBank and TIGR databases to retrieve orthologous genes. The relationships among these sequences were assessed employing phylogenomic analyses to examine molecular evolution and phylogeny. The members of the ILR1-like family analysed were ILL1, ILL2, ILL3, ILL6, ILR1 and IAR3. Present evidence suggests that IAR3 has undergone the least evolution and is most conserved. This conclusion is based on IAR3 having the largest number of total interspecific orthologues, orthologous species and unique orthologues. Although less conserved than IAR3, DNA and protein sequence analyses of ILL1 and ILR1 suggest high conservation. Based on this conservation, IAR3, ILL1 and ILR1 may have had major roles in the physiological evolution of ‘higher’ plants. ILL3 is least conserved, with the fewest orthologous species and orthologues. The monocotyledonous orthologues for most family-members examined have evolved into two separate molecular clades from dicotyledons, indicating active evolutionary change. The monocotyledon clades are: (a) those possessing a putative endoplasmic reticulum localizing signal; and (b) those that are putative cytoplasmic hydrolases. IAR3, ILL1 and ILL6 are all highly orthologous to a gene in the gymnosperm Pinus taeda, indicating an ancient enzymatic activity. No orthologues could be detected in Chlamydomonas, moss and fern databases

Factors influencing management student performance in mathematics courses

Students admitted to the eighteen month Administrative Sciences Curriculum at the Naval Postgraduate School are automatically enrolled in a series of three mathematics courses: differential calculus, integral calculus, and matrix algebra. Students entering the program have diverse academic backgrounds, some having had extensive training in mathematics and related subjects and others having had very little previous work in mathematics. A student who already has the necessary background may attempt to validate the courses through examination, but there is presently no effective transcript review process to facilitate validation. Nor is there any formal process for placing students in mathematics courses on the basis of their ability and previous training. This study analyzes the factors influencing student performance in these three mathematics courses. Validation guidelines are presented for two of the courses, and a procedure for establishing validation guidelines which could easily be applied to other courses and to other curricula is described. Recommendations for changes in the mathematics program for management students conclude the paper.The work reported herein was accomplished without the support of any outside agency.http://archive.org/details/factorsinfluenci00sonnN

Blockade of glutamate receptors and barbiturate anesthesia: increased sensitivity to pentobarbital-induced anesthesia despite reduced inhibition of AMPA receptors in GluR2 null mutant mice. Anesthesiology 91: 1329–1341

Background: Barbiturates enhance y-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA,) receptor function and also inhibit the a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-ioxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) subtype of glutamate receptor. The relative contribution of these actions to the behavioral properties of barbiturates is not certain. Because AMPA receptor complexes that lack the GZuRZ subunit are rel

A succession of anesthetic endpoints in the Drosophila brain

General anesthetics abolish behavioral responsiveness in all animals, and in humans this is accompanied by loss of consciousness. Whether similar target mechanisms and behavioral endpoints exist across species remains controversial, although model organisms have been successfully used to study mechanisms of anesthesia. In Drosophila, a number of key mutants have been characterized as hypersensitive or resistant to general anesthetics by behavioral assays. In order to investigate general anesthesia in the Drosophila brain, local field potential (LFP) recordings were made during incremental exposures to isoflurane in wild-type and mutant flies. As in higher animals, general anesthesia in flies was found to involve a succession of distinct endpoints. At low doses, isoflurane uncoupled brain activity from ongoing movement, followed by a sudden attenuation in neural correlates of perception. Average LFP activity in the brain was more gradually attenuated with higher doses, followed by loss of movement behavior. Among mutants, a strong correspondence was found between behavioral and LFP sensitivities, thereby suggesting that LFP phenotypes are proximal to the anesthetic's mechanism of action. Finally, genetic and pharmacological analysis revealed that anesthetic sensitivities in the fly brain are, like other arousal states, influenced by dopaminergic activity. These results suggest that volatile anesthetics such as isoflurane may target the same processes that sustain wakefulness and attention in the brain. LFP correlates of general anesthesia in Drosophila provide a powerful new approach to uncovering the nature of these processes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 66: 1195-1211, 200