9 research outputs found
Forest protected area management in Serbia and realisation of conservation objectives
U radu je analizirano gazdovanje šumama u zaštićenim područjima u Srbiji, posmatrajući: 1) ekološke efekte gazdovanja, i 2) procese prilagođavanja gazdovanja konzervacionim potrebama. Površina zaštićenih područja je značajno porasla, ali ima malo informacija o njihovom doprinosu u realizaciji konzervacionih ciljeva. Pošto se u većini zaštićenih šumskih područja u Evropi aktivno gazduje, i dozvoljeno je korišćenje drvne biomase, informacije o efektima gazdovanja su neophodne. Glavna barijera u ekološkim evaluacijama gazdovanja je nepostojanje indikatora kojima bi se mogle izmeriti promene u ekosistemu, a koje nastaju kao rezultat primenjenih mera gazdovanja. Poslednjih godina se sve više ističe potencijal primene funkcionalnih indikatora, tj. indikatora koji se oslanjaju na informacije o funkcionalnim karakteristikama vrsta. U radu je stoga primenjen funkcionalni pristup za analizu ekološkog efekta gazdovanja. U te svrhe su odabrane karakteristike koje se povezuju sa sposobnošću vrsta za brzo usvajanje ili konzervisanje resursa, tj. određuju odgovor vrsta na promene u dostupnim resursima, a koje, na primer, nastaju usled uklanjanja drvne biomase: visina, specifična površina lista, sadržaj suve materije lista, sadržaj ukupnog azota i ukupnog fosfora. Iste se dovode i u vezu sa primarnom produktivnošću i dekompozicijom, procesima od značaja za očuvanje integriteta ekosistema. Pošto analiza odgovora funkcionalnih indikatora zahteva duži vremenski period posmatranja, u radu je osmišljen drugačiji pristup za izvođenje eksperimenta. U te svrhe su iskorišćeni Landsat satelitski snimci, tj. tri snimka sa vremenskim razmakom od 10 godina: 1994., 2005. i 2015. godina. Izvršena je digitalna klasifikacija snimaka prema sastavu šuma, nakon čega su detektovane promene u sastavu šuma za period od ukupno 20 godina. Ovi podaci su spojeni sa podacima o funkcionalnim karakteristikama vrsta, kako bi se utvrdile promene u funkcionalnoj kompoziciji. Poslednji korak je bio formiranje modela šumske krune, kroz koji je određen intenzitet seče. Koristeći podatke o promenama u gustini krune i promenama u funkcionalnoj kompoziciji, sproveden je eksperiment, tj. analiza efekta različitih nivoa intenziteta seče na promene u funkcionisanju šumskog ekosistema. Za sprovođenje ovog eksperimenta je odabran samo jedan deo Fruške gore, jer je cilj bio da se osmisli pristup za evaluaciju, prilagođen trenutnom konceptu gazdovan ja zaštićenim šumskim područjima, i ispita njegova praktičnost. Kao propratni podatak ovoj analizi, sprovedena je i komparativna analiza upravljača zaštićenih šumskih područja u Srbiji, kako bi se ispitao nivo ulaganja u konzervacione sposobnosti, kao ključnog procesa u implementaciji konzervacionih ciljeva. U digitalnoj klasifikaciji je postignuta visokapreciznost, sa ukupnom preciznošću 94,5% i Kapa koeficijentom 0,93. Potpuno spektralno razdvajanje je postignuto samo za Q. petraea od Tilia tomentosa, i sastojina u kojima se kao dominantne pojavljuju F. silvatica i Tilia tomentosa. Utvđeno je prodiranje F. moesiaca u šume Q. petraea, i apsolutno širenje vrste Tilia tomentosa, posebno u periodu nakon 2005. godine, a koja prema podacima o karakteristikama vrsta ima najveću kompetetivnu sposobnost u odnosu na druge ispitivane vrste drveća. Rezultati modela gustine krune ukazuju na postepeno proređivanje šume od 1994. ka 2015. godini, sa potpunim nestankom šuma guste krune na prelazu između 1994. i 2005. godine. Utvrđen je značajan efekat proređivanja šume na promene u funkcionalnoj kompoziciji. Sa višim intenzitetom proređivanja, CWM indikator se pomerio od konzervativnih karakteristika ka onima koje ukazuju na dominaciju vrsta sklonih brzom sticanju resursa. Prelaz koji je imao značajnog efekta na promene je prelaz iz šume sa gustinom krune većom od 65% u šumu gustine krune između 50-65%, a što bi moglo ukazivati i na prelaz u drugi režim funkcionisanja ekosistema. Konzervacioni ciljevi su još uvek slabo integrisani u gazdovanje šumama u zaštićenim područjima.In this work, the forest management in protected areas of Serbia was analysed, following: 1) ecologic effects of management and 2) investments in capabilities essential for integration of conservation objectives. The size of protected areas has significantly grown, but there is a little information on their contribution to real conservation goals. Since in most of European protected forest areas is employed active management, the information on ecological effects of management is necessary. The main barrier in ecologic evaluations of managing is the absence of indicators, which could measure the changes in ecosystem, resulting from applied measures. Recently, the potentiality of functional indicators is more emphasized, i.e. indicators, which lean on information about functional traits of species. So, in this work functional approach was taken to analyse ecologic effects of forest management. For this sake were chosen characteristics, which are connected to capabilities of specie s to acquire or conserve resources, i.e. define the answer of the species on changes in available resources, caused by elimination of wooden mass, i.e. logging: height, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter cont ent, nitrogen content and phosphorus content. The same are connected to the processes of significance for conservation of ecosystem integrity (net primary productivity and decomposition). Since the analysis of functional indicators response demands a longer period of observation, another attitude of performing the experiment was conceptualized. For that purpose Landsat satellite image was used, i.e. three images in interval of ten years: 1994, 2005, and 2015. A digital image classification of forest composition was performed, after which the changes in forest composition were detected over the period of 20 years. These data were then connected with the data on functional characteristics of species to determine changes in functional composition. The last step was forming of forest canopy density model, through which was determined the intensity of logging. Using data on changes of forest canopy density model and changes in functional composition, an experiment was performed, i.e. analysis of effects of different levels of logging intensity on changes in forest ecosystem function. For the performing of this experiment was chosen just a part of Fruska gora, as the goal was to try to construct the evaluation approach, adapted to momentary concept of managing in protected forest areas and inspect its feasibility. As an accompanying data with this analysis was performed a comparative analysis of protected forest area managers in Serbia, to examine the level of investments in conservation capabilities, as the key process in implementing conservation goals
Forest protected area management in Serbia and realisation of conservation objectives
U radu je analizirano gazdovanje šumama u zaštićenim područjima u Srbiji, posmatrajući: 1) ekološke efekte gazdovanja, i 2) procese prilagođavanja gazdovanja konzervacionim potrebama. Površina zaštićenih područja je značajno porasla, ali ima malo informacija o njihovom doprinosu u realizaciji konzervacionih ciljeva. Pošto se u većini zaštićenih šumskih područja u Evropi aktivno gazduje, i dozvoljeno je korišćenje drvne biomase, informacije o efektima gazdovanja su neophodne. Glavna barijera u ekološkim evaluacijama gazdovanja je nepostojanje indikatora kojima bi se mogle izmeriti promene u ekosistemu, a koje nastaju kao rezultat primenjenih mera gazdovanja. Poslednjih godina se sve više ističe potencijal primene funkcionalnih indikatora, tj. indikatora koji se oslanjaju na informacije o funkcionalnim karakteristikama vrsta. U radu je stoga primenjen funkcionalni pristup za analizu ekološkog efekta gazdovanja. U te svrhe su odabrane karakteristike koje se povezuju sa sposobnošću vrsta za brzo usvajanje ili konzervisanje resursa, tj. određuju odgovor vrsta na promene u dostupnim resursima, a koje, na primer, nastaju usled uklanjanja drvne biomase: visina, specifična površina lista, sadržaj suve materije lista, sadržaj ukupnog azota i ukupnog fosfora. Iste se dovode i u vezu sa primarnom produktivnošću i dekompozicijom, procesima od značaja za očuvanje integriteta ekosistema. Pošto analiza odgovora funkcionalnih indikatora zahteva duži vremenski period posmatranja, u radu je osmišljen drugačiji pristup za izvođenje eksperimenta. U te svrhe su iskorišćeni Landsat satelitski snimci, tj. tri snimka sa vremenskim razmakom od 10 godina: 1994., 2005. i 2015. godina. Izvršena je digitalna klasifikacija snimaka prema sastavu šuma, nakon čega su detektovane promene u sastavu šuma za period od ukupno 20 godina. Ovi podaci su spojeni sa podacima o funkcionalnim karakteristikama vrsta, kako bi se utvrdile promene u funkcionalnoj kompoziciji. Poslednji korak je bio formiranje modela šumske krune, kroz koji je određen intenzitet seče. Koristeći podatke o promenama u gustini krune i promenama u funkcionalnoj kompoziciji, sproveden je eksperiment, tj. analiza efekta različitih nivoa intenziteta seče na promene u funkcionisanju šumskog ekosistema. Za sprovođenje ovog eksperimenta je odabran samo jedan deo Fruške gore, jer je cilj bio da se osmisli pristup za evaluaciju, prilagođen trenutnom konceptu gazdovan ja zaštićenim šumskim područjima, i ispita njegova praktičnost. Kao propratni podatak ovoj analizi, sprovedena je i komparativna analiza upravljača zaštićenih šumskih područja u Srbiji, kako bi se ispitao nivo ulaganja u konzervacione sposobnosti, kao ključnog procesa u implementaciji konzervacionih ciljeva. U digitalnoj klasifikaciji je postignuta visokapreciznost, sa ukupnom preciznošću 94,5% i Kapa koeficijentom 0,93. Potpuno spektralno razdvajanje je postignuto samo za Q. petraea od Tilia tomentosa, i sastojina u kojima se kao dominantne pojavljuju F. silvatica i Tilia tomentosa. Utvđeno je prodiranje F. moesiaca u šume Q. petraea, i apsolutno širenje vrste Tilia tomentosa, posebno u periodu nakon 2005. godine, a koja prema podacima o karakteristikama vrsta ima najveću kompetetivnu sposobnost u odnosu na druge ispitivane vrste drveća. Rezultati modela gustine krune ukazuju na postepeno proređivanje šume od 1994. ka 2015. godini, sa potpunim nestankom šuma guste krune na prelazu između 1994. i 2005. godine. Utvrđen je značajan efekat proređivanja šume na promene u funkcionalnoj kompoziciji. Sa višim intenzitetom proređivanja, CWM indikator se pomerio od konzervativnih karakteristika ka onima koje ukazuju na dominaciju vrsta sklonih brzom sticanju resursa. Prelaz koji je imao značajnog efekta na promene je prelaz iz šume sa gustinom krune većom od 65% u šumu gustine krune između 50-65%, a što bi moglo ukazivati i na prelaz u drugi režim funkcionisanja ekosistema. Konzervacioni ciljevi su još uvek slabo integrisani u gazdovanje šumama u zaštićenim područjima.In this work, the forest management in protected areas of Serbia was analysed, following: 1) ecologic effects of management and 2) investments in capabilities essential for integration of conservation objectives. The size of protected areas has significantly grown, but there is a little information on their contribution to real conservation goals. Since in most of European protected forest areas is employed active management, the information on ecological effects of management is necessary. The main barrier in ecologic evaluations of managing is the absence of indicators, which could measure the changes in ecosystem, resulting from applied measures. Recently, the potentiality of functional indicators is more emphasized, i.e. indicators, which lean on information about functional traits of species. So, in this work functional approach was taken to analyse ecologic effects of forest management. For this sake were chosen characteristics, which are connected to capabilities of specie s to acquire or conserve resources, i.e. define the answer of the species on changes in available resources, caused by elimination of wooden mass, i.e. logging: height, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter cont ent, nitrogen content and phosphorus content. The same are connected to the processes of significance for conservation of ecosystem integrity (net primary productivity and decomposition). Since the analysis of functional indicators response demands a longer period of observation, another attitude of performing the experiment was conceptualized. For that purpose Landsat satellite image was used, i.e. three images in interval of ten years: 1994, 2005, and 2015. A digital image classification of forest composition was performed, after which the changes in forest composition were detected over the period of 20 years. These data were then connected with the data on functional characteristics of species to determine changes in functional composition. The last step was forming of forest canopy density model, through which was determined the intensity of logging. Using data on changes of forest canopy density model and changes in functional composition, an experiment was performed, i.e. analysis of effects of different levels of logging intensity on changes in forest ecosystem function. For the performing of this experiment was chosen just a part of Fruska gora, as the goal was to try to construct the evaluation approach, adapted to momentary concept of managing in protected forest areas and inspect its feasibility. As an accompanying data with this analysis was performed a comparative analysis of protected forest area managers in Serbia, to examine the level of investments in conservation capabilities, as the key process in implementing conservation goals
Figure 8 from: Vujic A, Radenkovic S, Trifunov S, Nikolić T (2013) Key for European species of the Cheilosia proxima group (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of a new species. ZooKeys 269: 33-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.269.4619
Figure 8 - A–B Male genitalia, hypandrium, right lateral view (dl indicates the dorsal lobe of gonostylus): A Cheilosia barbafacies sp. n. B Cheilosia pascuorum. C–D Male genitalia, aedeagus and associated structures, right lateral view: C Cheilosia barbafacies sp. n. D Cheilosia pascuorum. Scales in mm
Forest changes due to human activities in the National Park "Fruška Gora” (Serbia): Ecological and economic indicators
Forest ecosystems are the source of multiple goods and services to humans, the provision of which is deemed to be conditioned by biodiversity. If so, the value of biodiversity has to become apparent to society and, especially, decision makers. The aim of this study was to demonstrate this value. Biodiversity changes were investigated along different stages of forest disturbance in the National Park "Fruška Gora". Both quantitative (structural diversity, species diversity) and qualitative aspects (functional traits of species) have been observed. Parallel analysis of the provision level of certain forest products, resulting from the given forest state, was performed and monetarily expressed. The results indicate that biodiversity lowers with higher disturbance. Moreover, benefits accrue with higher biodiversity. The approach also proved useful in estimating the ecosystem’s ability to maintain its functionality; however, further exploration of these links will be needed. This is necessary in future work if biodiversity conservation incentives are to be created
Forest changes due to human activities in the National Park "Fruska Gora” (Serbia): Ecological and economic indicators
Possibilities of applying CORONA archive satellite images in forest cover change detection: Example of the Fruška Gora Mountain
This paper examines the possibilities, advantages and limitations of the use of high resolution archive satellite images in evaluation of forest and other land cover changes, based on research in the sample area of the Fruška Gora mountain (Serbia). Satellite images available from the declassified archives of CORONA program were used to assess the extent of forest cover in the past. By comparing the resulting datasets with newer images, changes in the forest coverage can be detected and reconstructed for a period of more than 40 years. Despite many limiting factors, the images provided valuable information about the state of the forest cover in the past. The methodology used can be utilized in other similar areas, where no other, more precise source is available about forest coverage, as a means of reasonably inexpensive and time efficient assessment of forest cover and other land use changes in the past five decades
Three new species of the Merodon nigritarsis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the Middle East
Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Trifunov, Sonja, Nikolić, Tijana (2013): Three new species of the Merodon nigritarsis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the Middle East. Zootaxa 3640 (3): 442-464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3640.3.
Models of the potential distribution and habitat preferences of the genus Pipiza (Syrphidae: Diptera) on the Balkan peninsula
Models of the potential distribution and habitat preferences of the genus Pipiza (Syrphidae: Diptera) on the Balkan peninsula
Seven species of the genus Pipiza, collected throughout the southern and western Balkans, were used for the analysis of habitat preferences and potential geographical distribution on the Balkan Peninsula. The analyzed species show a wide and uneven distribution across the delineated geographical-biogeographical regions. The highest number of species noted is from two regions - the Dinaric mountain chain and the Pannonian and subpannonian regions (seven and six). Land cover patch analysis revealed that forests dominate the landscape surroundings of the analyzed species. “Presenceonly models” developed by Maxent support the understanding of the distribution and ecology of each analyzed species. The low probability values of current potential distribution correspond to large non-forested and fragmented forest areas, where, on the other hand, relatively high probabilities overlap with areas of deciduous forests across the peninsula. Results confirm species preference to forest landscapes and emphasize the need for local scale analysis. The studies are of importance in developing regional monitoring schemes and conservation strategies