Genetic diversity analysis of Katchaikatty Black – An endangered sheep breed from Tamil Nadu

The study presents the genetic diversity of Katchaikatty Black, an endangered and culturally significant sheep breed of Tamil Nadu. A panel of 25 microsatellite markers recommended for Indian sheep was used for genotyping. Considerable genetic variation in terms of allele diversity and heterozygosity was observed within the investigated breed. A total of 174 distinct alleles were detected across the analyzed microsatellite loci with an average of 6.96 alleles per locus. The average observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.600 and 0.706, respectively. The positive heterozygote deficiency (FIS) value of 0.171, estimated for this breed may be due to the possibility of Wahlund effect resulting from sampling from different breeding flocks, i.e. different villages and flocks in the same area. A normal L-shaped curve suggested absence of genetic bottleneck in this breed. The information generated will be useful in guiding conservation and management programmes for Katchaikatty Black sheep

Mining of diverse short non-coding RNAs from transcriptome of milk somatic cells of Murrah buffalo

The non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) are known to regulate expression of genes at the transcription, translation and processing levels. The present study was conducted to identify diverse short ncRNAs from milk somatic cells of lactating Murrah buffaloes. Elucidating the molecular drivers of lactation in dairy animals will help understand the process of lactation, eventually leading to improvement in milk production and quality. In order to discover the ncRNA, the transcriptome data of 12 samples of somatic cells from buffalo milk were analyzed. A web based pipeline, exceRpt was used to perform the analysis. The most abundant short ncRNA molecules discovered in buffalo milk were the miRNAs, followed by snRNAs. Least number of rRNAs was discovered in the investigated samples. The total number of rRNAs, tRNAs, snRNAs, snoRNAs and miRNAs were 12, 23, 72, 51 and 229 respectively, in the entire dataset. On matching with miRBase v22.1, a total of 1724, 897, 211 and 4 miRNAs were observed to be common to human, bovine, caprine and ovine genomes. The results provide information on the bioavailability of short ncRNAs in buffalo milk somatic cells, most of which are largely uncharacterized. The generated information is a step towards developing a database for ncRNAs in buffalo species

Indian Journal of Animal Research

Not AvailableSehrawat R, Sharma R, Ahlawat S, Sharma V, Thakur M S, Kaur M and Tantia M S.2021. First Report on Better Functional Property of Black Chicken Meat from India. Indian Journal of Animal Research 55: 727-3

Scientific Reports

Not AvailableSheep farming has been fundamental to many civilizations in the world and is practiced in India since antiquity. Several thousand years of adaptation to local environmental conditions and selective breeding have evolved 44 sheep breeds in India. They are paramount in terms of economic, scientific, and cultural heritage. Genetic characterization information is imperative for sustainable utilization and conservation of ovine heritage. In this study, the genetic diversity, differentiation, and structure of 11 indigenous sheep breeds from three different agro-ecological zones of India were explored with genomic microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA (D loop). The estimated diversity parameters indicated that populations retained high levels of genetic diversity (Na = 8.27 ? 0.17; Ho = 0.65 ? 0.01), which provides an optimistic viewpoint for their survival. However, significant inbreeding was also observed in the nine populations. Moderate genetic differentiation existed among the groups (FST = 0.129 ? 0.012), and most likely clusters existing in the dataset are seven. Phylogenetic clustering was in line with the geographical locations of sheep populations. Mitochondrial sequences revealed high haplotype diversity with the existence of maternal haplogroups A, B, and C, and signals of population expansion. Decreased genetic diversity and unique maternal lineage (C) in endangered Tibetan and Bonpala sheep breed, warrant their immediate scientific management. Overall, the quantitative data reported here on the extant variability, and genetic relationships among the Indian sheep breeds, provide critically important inputs that will be valuable for the decision-making process on their management, both for the conservation of endangered breeds, and formulation of breeding programs to check genetic erosio

Genetic Diversity between Murrah and Bhadawari Breeds of Indian buffalo using RAPD-PCR

491-495Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to characterize Murrah and Bhadawari breeds of buffalo. From the 9 random primers, a total of 84 bands were amplified between breeds and 51 of these (about 60.72%) were found to be polymorphic. In Murrah, overall percentage polymorphism of 56.36 was observed, while in Bhadawari it was 57.14. Higher genetic similarity of 0.81 and 0.80 within Murrah and Bhadawari breeds, respectively, was observed as compared to between breed genetic similarity of 0.31. Genetic distance between the breeds was 1.20. MAPD values of 10.72 and 16.10 were observed within Murrah and Bhadawari breeds, respectively, while MAPD of 60.73 was observed between breeds. Six primers (OPU-01, OPU-02, OPU-05, OPU-07, OPU-14 and OPV-14) in Murrah and five primers (OPU-05, OPU-07, OPU-14, OPU-19 and OPV-14) in Bhadawari were found to be specific for these breeds

Polymorphism in DRB3 exon 2 by PCR-RFLP and its association with mastitis in Murrah buffaloes

232-234Murrah buffaloes (n=25) were used to explore the genetic polymorphism in DRB3 exon 2 by PCR-RFLP and to find out the association with mastitis. The gDNA was isolated from whole blood samples as per standard protocol and a 304 bp PCR was amplified. When 304 bp product of exon 2 of DRB3 gene was digested with RsaI, it revealed 10 alleles (a, b, c, f, g, i, l, o, s & t) with 12 different genotypes (a/a, b/b, c/c, f/f, i/i, o/o, s/s, t/t, o/g, i/f, l/t, & i/s). HaeIII revealed 5 alleles (a, b, d, e & i) and 8 genotypes (a/a, e/e, d/d, b/b, a/e, a/b, a/d & b/i). On digestion with PstI, only 4 alleles (x, y, z & s) with 7 different genotypes (x/x, y/y, z/z, x/y, x/z, s/z & y/z) were observed. The following genotypes a/a, c/c, and f/f (RsaI); b/b, d/d, e/e, and b/I (HaeIII); x/x, y/y, x/y, and y/z (PstI) were observed only in healthy animals. These results revealed that the DRB3.2 gene was more polymorphic in the healthy animals than mastitis cases

Exploring the Transcriptome Dynamics of In Vivo <i>Theileria annulata</i> Infection in Crossbred Cattle

The molecular changes occurring in the host in response to in vivo Theileria annulata parasitic infection are not well understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the differential expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) across Theileria annulata-infected and non-infected crossbred cows. The differential expression profiles from PBMCs of infected and non-infected crossbred cows were generated by RNA sequencing. A marked difference in the expression of genes associated with innate immunity (FTH1, ACTB, ISG15) was observed between the two groups. The over-represented pathways in Theileria annulata-infected cows were associated with the immune system and regulation of the mitotic cycle. Enriched genes and pathways in non-infected animals were associated with the maintenance of chromatin integrity and cell structure. The highly connected genes identified in this study form potential candidates for further investigation into host–parasite interactions in cattle. An improved understanding of the transcriptomic dynamics during theileriosis would lead to underpinning molecular level differences related to the health status of cattle

Evaluation of the company which successfully passed the reorganization - evaluation of the company MSV Metal Studénka, a.s.

The aim of my diploma thesis is to estimate the market value of the company MSV Metal Studénka, a. s. as of 31st December 2015. The evaluated company produces large variation of steel forgings, pressings and railcar components. The thesis will bring financial analysis of the company and based on strategic analysis and value drivers of the company the financial plan will be drawn up. The valuation of the company will be estimated using income methods of discounted cash flows APV adding market comparison method specifically called similar public company method

Zinc Finger Domain of the PRDM9 Gene on Chromosome 1 Exhibits High Diversity in Ruminants but Its Paralog PRDM7 Contains Multiple Disruptive Mutations

<div><p>PRDM9 is the sole hybrid sterility gene identified so far in vertebrates. PRDM9 gene encodes a protein with an immensely variable zinc-finger (ZF) domain that determines the site of meiotic recombination hotspots genome-wide. In this study, the terminal ZF domain of PRDM9 on bovine chromosome 1 and its paralog on chromosome 22 were characterized in 225 samples from five ruminant species (cattle, yak, mithun, sheep and goat). We found extraordinary variation in the number of PRDM9 zinc fingers (6 to 12). We sequenced PRDM9 ZF encoding region from 15 individuals (carrying the same ZF number in both copies) and found 43 different ZF domain sequences. Ruminant zinc fingers of PRDM9 were found to be diversifying under positive selection and concerted evolution, specifically at positions involved in defining their DNA-binding specificity, consistent with the reports from other vertebrates such as mice, humans, equids and chimpanzees. ZF-encoding regions of the PRDM7, a paralog of PRDM9 on bovine chromosome 22 and on unknown chromosomes in other studied species were found to contain 84 base repeat units as in PRDM9, but there were multiple disruptive mutations after the first repeat unit. The diversity of the ZFs suggests that PRDM9 may activate recombination hotspots that are largely unique to each ruminant species.</p></div