20 research outputs found
Detected genotype distribution according to age.
<p>Detected genotype distribution according to age.</p
Distribution of vaccinal and non-vaccinal genotypes according to age.
*<p>
<b>n:220.</b></p>**<p>
<b>n:108.</b></p><p><b>LR:</b> Low risk <b>HR:</b> High risk <b>lHR:</b> likely High risk <b>NT:</b> Non-typed.</p
Data_Sheet_1_Influence of perinatal and childhood exposure to tobacco and mercury in childrenâs gut microbiota.pdf
BackgroundEarly life determinants of the development of gut microbiome composition in infants have been widely investigated; however, if early life pollutant exposures, such as tobacco or mercury, have a persistent influence on the gut microbial community, its stabilization at later childhood remains largely unknown.ObjectiveIn this exposome-wide study, we aimed at identifying the contribution of exposure to tobacco and mercury from the prenatal period to childhood, to individual differences in the fecal microbiome composition of 7-year-old children, considering co-exposure to a width of established lifestyle and clinical determinants.MethodsGut microbiome was studied by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in 151 children at the genus level. Exposure to tobacco was quantified during pregnancy through questionnaire (active tobacco consumption, second-hand smoking -SHS) and biomonitoring (urinary cotinine) at 4âyears (urinary cotinine, SHS) and 7âyears (SHS). Exposure to mercury was quantified during pregnancy (cord blood) and at 4âyears (hair). Forty nine other potential environmental determinants (12 at pregnancy/birth/infancy, 15 at 4âyears and 22 at 7âyears, such as diet, demographics, quality of living/social environment, and clinical records) were registered. We used multiple models to determine microbiome associations with pollutants including multi-determinant multivariate analysis of variance and linear correlations (wUnifrac, Bray-Curtis and Aitchison Ă-diversity distances), single-pollutant permutational multivariate analysis of variance adjusting for co-variates (Aitchison), and multivariable association model with single taxa (MaAsLin2; genus). Sensitivity analysis was performed including genetic data in a subset of 107 children.ResultsActive smoking in pregnancy was systematically associated with microbiome composition and Ă-diversity (R2 2â4%, pâDiscussionOur findings suggest a long-term sustainable effect of prenatal tobacco exposure on the childrenâs gut microbiota. This effect was not found for mercury exposure or tobacco exposure during childhood. Assessing the role of these exposures on the childrenâs microbiota, considering multiple environmental factors, should be further investigated.</p
ML trees of sequences of HIV-1 isolates from databases (all from Portugal) or obtained by us (from Spain) clustering with the BG recombinant virus 9196_01 in (a) PR-RT and/or the (b) V3 region.
<p>Sequences obtained in this study are in bold type. HXB2 positions delimiting the analyzed segments are in parentheses. Countries of collection of database viruses of subtype G in PR-RT and of subtype B in V3 are indicated with the two-letter ISO code. Only bootstrap values â„70% are shown.</p
Identification of an HIV-1 BG Intersubtype Recombinant Form (CRF73_BG), Partially Related to CRF14_BG, Which Is Circulating in Portugal and Spain
<div><p>HIV-1 exhibits a characteristically high genetic diversity, with the M group, responsible for the pandemic, being classified into nine subtypes, 72 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and numerous unique recombinant forms (URFs). Here we characterize the near full-length genome sequence of an HIV-1 BG intersubtype recombinant virus (X3208) collected in Galicia (Northwest Spain) which exhibits a mosaic structure coincident with that of a previously characterized BG recombinant virus (9601_01), collected in Germany and epidemiologically linked to Portugal, and different from currently defined CRFs. Similar recombination patterns were found in partial genome sequences from three other BG recombinant viruses, one newly derived, from a virus collected in Spain, and two retrieved from databases, collected in France and Portugal, respectively. Breakpoint coincidence and clustering in phylogenetic trees of these epidemiologically-unlinked viruses allow to define a new HIV-1 CRF (CRF73_BG). CRF73_BG shares one breakpoint in the envelope with CRF14_BG, which circulates in Portugal and Spain, and groups with it in a subtype B envelope fragment, but the greatest part of its genome does not appear to derive from CRF14_BG, although both CRFs share as parental strain the subtype G variant circulating in the Iberian Peninsula. Phylogenetic clustering of partial <i>pol</i> and <i>env</i> segments from viruses collected in Portugal and Spain with X3208 and 9691_01 indicates that CRF73_BG is circulating in both countries, with proportions of around 2â3% Portuguese database HIV-1 isolates clustering with CRF73_BG. The fact that an HIV-1 recombinant virus characterized ten years ago as a URF has been shown to represent a CRF suggests that the number of HIV-1 CRFs may be much greater than currently known.</p></div
Intersubtype breakpoint locations in HIV-1 BG recombinant viruses analyzed in this study, including all available CRF14_BG viruses sequenced in near full-length genomes, as determined with jpHMM.
<p>Intersubtype breakpoint locations in HIV-1 BG recombinant viruses analyzed in this study, including all available CRF14_BG viruses sequenced in near full-length genomes, as determined with jpHMM.</p
Analyses of partial genome sequences of BG recombinant viruses related to X3208 and 9196_01.
<p>(a) Bootscan analyses of <i>pol</i> fragments of X3121, from Spain, and 753_G_0_Rennes, from France. (b) ML tree of the integrase subtype B fragment of X3121 and 753_G_0_Rennes, showing clustering with 9196_01 and X3208. HXB2 positions delimiting the analyzed segment are in parentheses. Only bootstrap values â„70% are shown. (c) Bootscan analysis of the envelope gene of VLGC_PT_BG3, from Portugal. In the bootscanning graphs, the position in the horizontal axis represents the midpoint of the sliding window in the proviral HXB2 genome.</p
Analysis of the relationship of CRF73_BG with CRF14_BG.
<p>(a) ML tree of concatenated subtype G fragments of X3208 and 9196_01, analyzed with G<sub>Ib</sub> and CRF14_BG viruses. Countries of collection of subtype G viruses are indicated with the two-letter ISO code. (b) ML tree of the 5â <i>env</i> fragment. (c) ML tree of the subtype B 3â <i>env</i> fragment. HXB2 positions delimiting the analyzed segments in (b) and (c) are in parentheses. CRF73_BG viruses are in bold type. Countries of collection of database viruses of subtype G viruses in (a) and of subtype B viruses in (b) and (c) are indicated with the two-letter ISO code. Only bootstrap values â„70% are shown.</p
Mosaic structure of CRF73_BG.
<p>Breakpoint positions, according to HXB2 genome numeration, are indicated.</p