Selection of coffee progenies for resistance to nematode Meloidogyne paranaensis in infested area

The purpose of this study was to select Coffea arabica progenies for resistance to M. paranaensis in an infested coffee growing area using Henderson’s mixed model methodology. Forty-one genotypes were selected at the Coffee Active Germplasm Bank of Minas Gerais, and evaluated in regard to stem diameter, number of plagiotropic branches, reaction to the nematode, and yield per plant. There was genetic variability among the genotypes studied for all the traits evaluated, and among the populations studied for yield and reaction to the nematode, indicating possibilities for obtaining genetic gains through selection in this population. There was high rate of genotypic association between all the traits studied. Coffee plants of Timor Hybrid UFV408-01 population, and F3 progenies derived from crossing Catuaí Vermelho and Amphillo MR 2161 were the most promising in the area infested by M. paranaensis

Meloidogyne paranaensis e Meloidogyne exigua em lavouras cafeeiras da região Sul de Minas Gerais

The cities in the South of Minas Gerais, which is the main coffee producer region in Brazil, would face a serious risk of productivity loss if more aggressive root-knot nematodes species, such as Meloidogyne paranaensis. In order to prevent the dissemination of this nematode, it is necessary to know the occurrence outbreaks and distribution of Meloidogyne spp. in this region. Then, objective was to investigate Coffea arabica plantations of some coffee-producing cities in the South of Minas Gerais by root sampling, diagnosis and mapping of outbreaks. The total of 162 samples was calculated according to the planting area and coffee production in the production areas in some cities. The root-knot nematodes were found in 32.7% of them. The species M. exigua in 90.5%, and M. paranaensis in 9.5% of the detections. The occurrence of M. exigua and M. paranaensis was observed in the cities sampled, except Guaranésia, where no root-knot nematode was present. Esterase phenotypes E1 and E2 were found in M. exigua populations, highlighting the E2 phenotype in most cities (Guaxupé, Monte Belo, Monte Santo de Minas, Muzambinho and São Pedro da União). M. paranaensis (P1 phenotype) was detected in Coqueiral and Alpinópolis causing plant mortality. This suggest that is necessary the use of phytossanitary approaches.Os municípios da Região Sul do Estado de Minas Gerais, maior região produtora de café no Brasil, enfrentam um sério risco de perda na produtividade se espécies dos nematoides das galhas mais agressivas ao cafeeiro, como Meloidogyne paranaensis, estiverem presentes. Para a prevenção da disseminação desse nematoide é necessário conhecer os focos de ocorrência e a distribuição de Meloidogyne spp. nessa Região. Diante do exposto, este trabalho objetivou investigar lavouras cafeeiras de alguns municípios produtores de café do Sul de Minas Gerais por meio da amostragem de raízes, diagnóstico e mapeamento dos focos. O número de amostras foi calculado de acordo com a área de plantio e a produção de café do município. De um total de 165 amostras coletadas, foi constatado o nematóide das galhas em 43,03% delas, sendo identificadas as espécies Meloidogyne exigua em 92,95% e M. paranaensis em 4,22% das detecções e também 2,81% de amostras com populações de M. exigua e M. paranaensis em mistura. A ocorrência de M. exigua e M. paranaensis se deu nos municípios analisados, exceto em Guaranésia, em que nenhum nematoide das galhas estava presente. Os fenótipos E1 e E2 da esterase foram encontrados em M. exigua, se destacando o fenótipo E2 na maioria dos municípios (Guaxupé, Monte Belo, Monte Santo de Minas, Muzambinho e São Pedro da União). M. paranaensis (fenótipo P1) foi detectado parasitando cafeeiros nos municípios de Alpinópolis e Coqueiral, causando intenso depauperamento e morte das plantas. Isso sugere a necessidade da adoção de medidas de contenção da doença na região

Association Between Preexisting Versus Newly Identified Atrial Fibrillation and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may exist before or occur early in the course of pulmonary embolism (PE). We determined the PE outcomes based on the presence and timing of AF. Methods and Results Using the data from a multicenter PE registry, we identified 3 groups: (1) those with preexisting AF, (2) patients with new AF within 2 days from acute PE (incident AF), and (3) patients without AF. We assessed the 90-day and 1-year risk of mortality and stroke in patients with AF, compared with those without AF (reference group). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 792 had preexisting AF. These patients had increased odds of 90-day all-cause (odds ratio [OR], 2.81; 95% CI, 2.33-3.38) and PE-related mortality (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.37-4.14) and increased 1-year hazard for ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 5.48; 95% CI, 3.10-9.69) compared with those without AF. After multivariable adjustment, preexisting AF was associated with significantly increased odds of all-cause mortality (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.57-2.32) but not PE-related mortality (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.85-2.66). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 445 developed new incident AF within 2 days of acute PE. Incident AF was associated with increased odds of 90-day all-cause (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.75-2.97) and PE-related (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.01-6.59) mortality but not stroke. Findings were similar in multivariable analyses. Conclusions In patients with acute symptomatic PE, both preexisting AF and incident AF predict adverse clinical outcomes. The type of adverse outcomes may differ depending on the timing of AF onset.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aeação de genótipos de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) a Meloidogyne exigua população Sul de Minas

The use of resistant cultivars is an economical and efficient method to prevent nematode infestation in coffee plantations. The progress of coffee resistance to Meloidogyne exigua depends on the continuous evaluations of genotypes obtained in breeding programs. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the reaction of the crossing of Icatu or Catuaí with Timor Hybrid or Catimor progenies against one population of M. exigua in the South of Minas Gerais State. This work was carried out in a greenhouse by testing fifteen genotypes and the cultivars Apoatã (IAC Robusta 2258) and Catiguá MG-3 which are resistant and the Mundo Novo 376-4 cultivar as susceptible to M. exigua. Eight-month seedlings were inoculated with 10,000 eggs per plant. The population of M. exigua per gram of root and reproductive factor (RF) were evaluated four months after inoculation. The H 504-5-8-2 and H 514 MS-Resplendor genotypes showed the same resistance as both Catiguá MG-3 and Apoatã (IAC 2258) cultivars. The resistant genotypes H 504-5-8-2 and H 514 MS-Resplendor should be evaluated against other populations of this pathogen because there may be some variability in Meloidogyne exigua populations.Uma das medidas mais econômicas e eficientes para controlar nematoides é o uso de cultivares resistentes. Objetivouse, avaliar a reação de genótipos de cafeeiro resultantes do cruzamento de Icatu ou Catuaí com o Híbrido de Timor ou Catimor ao nematoide Meloidogyne exigua, população do Sul de Minas. As mudas dos genótipos foram produzidas inicialmente em germinador de areia e na fase orelha-de-onça transplantadas para sacolas plásticas contendo substrato solo:areia:esterco (1:1:1). O inóculo de M. exigua foi obtido de raízes de cafeeiro retiradas em lavoura naturalmente infestada localizada no município de Nepomuceno, Sul de Minas Gerais. Após a extração dos ovos, o inóculo foi multiplicado em cafeeiros em casa-de vegetação de onde foram extraídos os ovos para inoculação. O experimento foi instalado em casa-de-vegetação na Fazenda Experimental da EPAMIG em Lavras, empregando quinze genótipos e as cultivares testemunhas, Apoatã IAC 2258, Catiguá MG-3 como padrão de resistência e a cultivar Mundo Novo 376-4 como padrão de suscetibilidade. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições de 2 plantas por parcela. Foram inoculados 10.000 ovos na rizosfera de cada planta e aos 120 dias da inoculação foi avaliada a população/grama de raiz e calculado o Fator de Reprodução (FR) e a Redução no Fator de Reprodução (RFR), para classificação da reação dos genótipos de Coffea sp. Uma menor reprodução de M. exigua ocorreu nos genótipos H 504-5-8-2 e H 514 MSResplendor que se igualaram (P 0,05) às cultivares resistentes Catiguá MG-3 e Apoatã, conforme observado pela taxa reprodutiva do nematoide nesses materiais

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2011: volume 3: tecnologias da informação e comunicação e material pedagógico

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)