SCANNING ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPE EVALUATION OF A TUNISIAN SOIL

This work present a soil analysis by scanning electronic microscope. The soil was collected from Tunisia. The analysis of soil show the highly presence of carbon and oxygen. The carbon is well used to retain heavy metals and pesticide. The soil presents also a high level of lead, this level present a high risk of water resource pollutio

SCANNING ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPE EVALUATION OF A TUNISIAN SOIL

This work present a soil analysis by scanning electronic microscope. The soil was collected from Tunisia. The analysis of soil show the highly presence of carbon and oxygen. The carbon is well used to retain heavy metals and pesticide. The soil presents also a high level of lead, this level present a high risk of water resource pollutio

Implementation of the One Health approach to fight arbovirus infections in the Mediterranean and Black Sea Region: Assessing integrated surveillance in Serbia, Tunisia and Georgia

Background In the Mediterranean and Black Sea Region, arbovirus infections are emerging infectious diseases. Their surveillance can benefit from one health inter-sectoral collaboration; however, no standardized methodology exists to study One Health surveillance. Methods We designed a situation analysis study to document how integration of laboratory/clinical human, animal and entomological surveillance of arboviruses was being implemented in the Region. We applied a framework designed to assess three levels of integration: policy/institutional, data collection/data analysis and dissemination. We tested the use of Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) to graphically present evidence of inter-sectoral integration. Results Serbia, Tunisia and Georgia participated in the study. West Nile Virus surveillance was analysed in Serbia and Tunisia, Crimea-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever surveillance in Georgia. Our framework enabled a standardized analysis of One Health surveillance integration, and BPMN was easily understandable and conducive to detailed discussions among different actors/institutions. In all countries, we observed integration across sectors and levels except in data collection and data analysis. Data collection was interoperable only in Georgia without integrated analysis. In all countries, surveillance was mainly oriented towards outbreak response, triggered by an index human case. Discussion The three surveillance systems we observed prove that integrated surveillance can be operationalized with a diverse spectrum of options. However, in all countries, the integrated use of data for early warning and inter-sectoral priority setting is pioneeristic. We also noted that early warning before human case occurrence is recurrently not operationally prioritized

Burden of disease attributable to risk factors in European countries: a scoping literature review

Objectives: Within the framework of the burden of disease (BoD) approach, disease, and injury burden estimates attributable to risk factors are a useful guide for policy formulation and priority setting in disease prevention. Considering the important differences in methods, and their impact on burden estimates, we conducted a scoping literature review to: (1) map the BoD assessments including risk factors performed across Europe, and (2) identify the methodological choices in comparative risk assessment (CRA) and risk assessment methods. Methods: We searched multiple literature databases, including grey literature websites, and targeted public health agencies' websites. Results: A total of 113 studies were included in the synthesis and further divided into independent BoD assessments (54 studies) and studies linked to the Global Burden of Disease (59 papers). Our results showed that the methods used to perform CRA varied substantially across independent European BoD studies. While there were some methodological choices that were more common than others, we did not observe patterns in terms of country, year, or risk factor. Each methodological choice can affect the comparability of estimates between and within countries and/or risk factors since they might significantly influence the quantification of the attributable burden. From our analysis, we observed that the use of CRA was less common for some types of risk factors and outcomes. These included environmental and occupational risk factors, which are more likely to use bottom-up approaches for health outcomes where disease envelopes may not be available. Conclusions: Our review also highlighted misreporting, the lack of uncertainty analysis, and the under-investigation of causal relationships in BoD studies. Development and use of guidelines for performing and reporting BoD studies will help understand differences, and avoid misinterpretations thus improving comparability among estimates.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Burden of disease attributable to risk factors in European countries: a scoping literature review

Objectives: Within the framework of the burden of disease (BoD) approach, disease, and injury burden estimates attributable to risk factors are a useful guide for policy formulation and priority setting in disease prevention. Considering the important differences in methods, and their impact on burden estimates, we conducted a scoping literature review to: (1) map the BoD assessments including risk factors performed across Europe, and (2) identify the methodological choices in comparative risk assessment (CRA) and risk assessment methods. Methods: We searched multiple literature databases, including grey literature websites, and targeted public health agencies' websites. Results: A total of 113 studies were included in the synthesis and further divided into independent BoD assessments (54 studies) and studies linked to the Global Burden of Disease (59 papers). Our results showed that the methods used to perform CRA varied substantially across independent European BoD studies. While there were some methodological choices that were more common than others, we did not observe patterns in terms of country, year, or risk factor. Each methodological choice can affect the comparability of estimates between and within countries and/or risk factors since they might significantly influence the quantification of the attributable burden. From our analysis, we observed that the use of CRA was less common for some types of risk factors and outcomes. These included environmental and occupational risk factors, which are more likely to use bottom-up approaches for health outcomes where disease envelopes may not be available. Conclusions: Our review also highlighted misreporting, the lack of uncertainty analysis, and the under-investigation of causal relationships in BoD studies. Development and use of guidelines for performing and reporting BoD studies will help understand differences, and avoid misinterpretations thus improving comparability among estimates.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Contribution à l'étude du transport d'hydrocarbures polyaromatiques en milieu poreux naturel saturé : expériences en colonne et modélisation des processus d'équilibre et des cinétiques d'interaction

Texte intégral accessible uniquement aux membres de l'Université de LorraineNot availableDans le cadre d'un contrat européen sur la modélisation du transport des polluants à travers des sols contaminés, des expériences en colonne de laboratoire ont été réalisées afin de déterminer les propriétés de rétention de deux hydrocarbures polyaromatiques (naphtalène et phénanthrène) à travers des sables de contenu en matière organique variable en nature et en quantité. Il a ainsi été confirmé que la matière organique jouait un rôle prépondérant dans le processus de rétention. Il a été montré que le polluant le plus hydrophobe (phénanthrène) s'adsorbait également sur la partie minérale des sables même si cette interaction linéaire, est de faible intensité comparée à celle obtenue sur les sables organiques. Le naphtalène nous a permis de montrer que le type et l'intensité de la rétention d'un polluant hydrophobe dépendaient de la nature de la matière organique. L’étude menée jusqu'au voisinage de la solubilité a mis en évidence d'importants effets non-linéaire. La modélisation a montré la nécessité de prendre à la fois en compte la non-linéarité des isothermes et la cinétique de transfert de matière entre phase. La confrontation modèle/expérience a conduit à l'estimation des temps caractéristiques de transfert par diffusion au sein des agrégats poreux. Le rôle joué par la matière organique sur la rétention d'un tensioactif anionique pur (le n-paraoctylbenzène sulfonate de sodium) a été mis en évidence et quantifié. Un modèle de transport couplant les mécanismes d'échange cationique, de micellisation, de précipitation et d'adsorption a été proposé

Contribution à l'étude du transport d'hydrocarbures polyaromatiques en milieu poreux naturel saturé : expériences en colonne et modélisation des processus d'équilibre et des cinétiques d'interaction

Texte intégral accessible uniquement aux membres de l'Université de LorraineNot availableDans le cadre d'un contrat européen sur la modélisation du transport des polluants à travers des sols contaminés, des expériences en colonne de laboratoire ont été réalisées afin de déterminer les propriétés de rétention de deux hydrocarbures polyaromatiques (naphtalène et phénanthrène) à travers des sables de contenu en matière organique variable en nature et en quantité. Il a ainsi été confirmé que la matière organique jouait un rôle prépondérant dans le processus de rétention. Il a été montré que le polluant le plus hydrophobe (phénanthrène) s'adsorbait également sur la partie minérale des sables même si cette interaction linéaire, est de faible intensité comparée à celle obtenue sur les sables organiques. Le naphtalène nous a permis de montrer que le type et l'intensité de la rétention d'un polluant hydrophobe dépendaient de la nature de la matière organique. L’étude menée jusqu'au voisinage de la solubilité a mis en évidence d'importants effets non-linéaire. La modélisation a montré la nécessité de prendre à la fois en compte la non-linéarité des isothermes et la cinétique de transfert de matière entre phase. La confrontation modèle/expérience a conduit à l'estimation des temps caractéristiques de transfert par diffusion au sein des agrégats poreux. Le rôle joué par la matière organique sur la rétention d'un tensioactif anionique pur (le n-paraoctylbenzène sulfonate de sodium) a été mis en évidence et quantifié. Un modèle de transport couplant les mécanismes d'échange cationique, de micellisation, de précipitation et d'adsorption a été proposé

Bis(4-aminopyridinium) dichromate(VI)

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, (C5H7N2)2[Cr2O7], contains four independent cations and two independent dichromate anions. The crystal structure consists of discrete dichromate anions with an eclipsed conformation stacked in layers parallel to (010) at y = 1/4 and y = 3/4. These layers are linked via 4-aminopyridinium cations by N—H...O and weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional supramolecular network. In addition, π–π interactions are present in this structure; the shortest distance separating mean planes through 4-aminopyridinium cations is 3.679 (6) Å

Diversity and distribution of freshwater amphipods from Tunisia

International audienc

Diversity and distribution of freshwater amphipods from Tunisia

International audienc