Single-filament Composite MgB2/SUS Ribbons by Powder-In-Tube Process

We report the successful fabrication of single-filament composite MgB2/SUS ribbons, as an ultra-robust conductor type, employing the powder-in-tube (PIT) process, by swaging and cold rolling only. The remarkable transport critical current (Ic) of the non-sintered MgB2/SUS ribbon has observed, as an unexpected result. Transport critical currents Ic ~ 316 A at T = 4.2 K and Ic ~ 82 A at T = 20 K were observed at self-field, for the non-sintered composite MgB2/SUS ribbon. In addition, the persistent current density Jp values, that were estimated by Bean formula, were more than ~ 7  105 A/cm2 at T = 5 K, and ~ 1.2  105 A/cm2 at T = 30 K, for the sintered composite MgB2/SUS ribbon, at H = 0 G.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Coherent state formulation of pion radiation from nucleon antinucleon annihilation

We assume that nucleon antinucleon annihilation is a fast process leading to a classical coherent pion pulse. We develop the quantum description of such pion waves based on the method of coherent states. We study the consequences of such a description for averages of charge types and moments of distributions of pion momenta with iso-spin and four-momentum conservation taken into account. We briefly discuss the applicability of our method to annihilation at rest, where we find agreement with experiment, and suggest other avenues for its use.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, PSI-preprin

Homodyne Bell's inequalities for entangled mesoscopic superpositions

We present a scheme for demonstrating violation of Bell's inequalities using a spin-1/2 system entangled with a pair of classically distinguishable wave packets in a harmonic potential. In the optical domain, such wave packets can be represented by coherent states of a single light mode. The proposed scheme involves standard spin-1/2 projections and measurements of the position and the momentum of the harmonic oscillator system, which for a light mode can be realized by means of homodyne detection. We discuss effects of imperfections, including non-unit efficiency of the homodyne detector, and point out a close link between the visibility of interference and violation of Bell's inequalities in the described scheme.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Extended version, journal reference adde

Noise-assisted preparation of entangled atoms

We discuss the generation of entangled states of two two-level atoms inside an optical cavity. The cavity mode is supposed to be coupled to a white noise with adjustable intensity. We describe how the entanglement between the atoms inside the cavity arise in such a situation. The entanglement is maximized for intermediate values of the noise intensity, while it is a monotonic function of the spontaneous rate. This resembles the phenomenon of stochastic resonance and sheds more light on the idea to exploit white noise in quantum information processing.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Digital rights and mobile health in low- and middle-income countries: protocol for a scoping review

Effective Protection of Fundamental Rights in a pluralist worl

Full counting statistics of information content

We review connections between the cumulant generating function of full counting statistics of particle number and the R\'enyi entanglement entropy. We calculate these quantities based on the fermionic and bosonic path-integral defined on multiple Keldysh contours. We relate the R\'enyi entropy with the information generating function, from which the probability distribution function of self-information is obtained in the nonequilibrium steady state. By exploiting the distribution, we analyze the information content carried by a single bosonic particle through a narrow-band quantum communication channel. The ratio of the self-information content to the number of bosons fluctuates. For a small boson occupation number, the average and the fluctuation of the ratio are enhanced.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure

Recent global decline in endorheic basin water storages

Endorheic (hydrologically landlocked) basins spatially concur with arid/semi-arid climates. Given limited precipitation but high potential evaporation, their water storage is vulnerable to subtle flux perturbations, which are exacerbated by global warming and human activities. Increasing regional evidence suggests a probably recent net decline in endorheic water storage, but this remains unquantified at a global scale. By integrating satellite observations and hydrological modelling, we reveal that during 2002–2016 the global endorheic system experienced a widespread water loss of about 106.3 Gt yr−1, attributed to comparable losses in surface water, soil moisture and groundwater. This decadal decline, disparate from water storage fluctuations in exorheic basins, appears less sensitive to El Niño–Southern Oscillation-driven climate variability, which implies a possible response to longer-term climate conditions and human water management. In the mass-conserved hydrosphere, such an endorheic water loss not only exacerbates local water stress, but also imposes excess water on exorheic basins, leading to a potential sea level rise that matches the contribution of nearly half of the land glacier retreat (excluding Greenland and Antarctica). Given these dual ramifications, we suggest the necessity for long-term monitoring of water storage variation in the global endorheic system and the inclusion of its net contribution to future sea level budgeting

Partial Wave Analysis of J/ψ→γ(K+K−π+π−)J/\psi \to \gamma (K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-)

BES data on $J/\psi \to \gamma (K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-)$ are presented. The $K^*\bar K^*$ contribution peaks strongly near threshold. It is fitted with a broad $0^{-+}$ resonance with mass $M = 1800 \pm 100$ MeV, width $\Gamma = 500 \pm 200$ MeV. A broad $2^{++}$ resonance peaking at 2020 MeV is also required with width $\sim 500$ MeV. There is further evidence for a $2^{-+}$ component peaking at 2.55 GeV. The non-$K^*\bar K^*$ contribution is close to phase space; it peaks at 2.6 GeV and is very different from $K^{*}\bar{K^{*}}$.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, Submitted to PL