Impact of incisions of cataract surgery on patients with corneal astigmatism

AIM: To research the impact of different 3.2mm incisions of cataract surgery on patients whose corneal astigmatism was within 25 degrees by Orbscan. METHODS: We collected 40 cases of cataract patients whose corneal astigmatism was within 25 degrees detected by Orbscan and randomly divided them into groups A, B. Detected by Orbscan, 20 patients(20 eyes)in group A was conducted with 3.2mm corneal astigmatism axial incision and 20 patients(20 eyes)in group B was conducted with 3.2mm corneal incision on 90 degrees of the axis. All cataract operations were implemented by the same physician. We observed the postoperative changes of corneal astigmatism between two groups. RESULTS: The comparisons of Polar K on each time preoperative and postoperative point were significant differences within each group. But the comparisons of Polar K on each time preoperative and postoperative point were not statistically significant between two groups. After 3 months, two kinds of incisions would both increase about 0.3D Polar K in the cornea. CONCLUSION: 3.2mm corneal incision may cause Polar K 0.3D in corneal astigmatism

Učinak glicerola i glukoze na povećanje biomase, udjela lipida i topljivih ugljikohidrata u miksotrofnoj kulturi alge Chlorella vulgaris

Biodiesel-derived glycerol is a promising substrate for mixotrophic cultivation of oleaginous microalgae, which can also reduce the cost of microalgal biodiesel. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of using glycerol and glucose as a complex carbon substrate to produce microalgal biomass and biochemical components, such as photosynthetic pigments, lipids, soluble carbohydrates and proteins by Chlorella vulgaris. The results show that C. vulgaris can utilize glycerol as a sole carbon substrate, but its effect is inferior to that of the mixture of glycerol and glucose. The effect of glycerol and glucose could enhance the algal cell growth rate, biomass content and volumetric productivity, and overcome the lower biomass production on glycerol as the sole organic carbon source in mixotrophic culture medium. The utilization of complex organic carbon substrate can stimulate the biosynthesis of lipids and soluble carbohydrates as the raw materials for biodiesel and bioethanol production, and reduce the anabolism of photosynthetic pigments and proteins. This study provides a promising niche for reducing the overall cost of biodiesel and bioethanol production from microalgae as it investigates the by-products of algal biodiesel production and algal cell hydrolysis as possible raw materials (lipids and carbohydrates) and organic carbon substrates (soluble carbohydrates and glycerol) for mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae.Glicerol dobiven iz biodizela može se upotrijebiti za uzgoj miksotrofnih mikroalgi iz kojih se proizvodi ulje, te za smanjenje troškova proizvodnje biodizela. Svrha je ovoga rada bila ispitati mogućnost primjene glicerola i glukoze u složenoj hranjivoj podlozi za uzgoj alge Chlorella vulgaris, te proizvodnju biomase i biokemijskih sastojaka, kao što su fotosintetski pigmenti, lipidi, topljivi ugljikohidrati i proteini. Rezultati potvrđuju da se alga Chlorella vulgaris može uzgojiti na glicerolu kao jedinom izvoru ugljika, iako su bolji rezultati postignuti uzgojem na podlozi s glicerolom i glukozom. Stopa rasta, prinos biomase i volumetrijska produktivnost alge povećani su primjenom podloge s glicerolom i glukozom, u usporedbi s podlogom koja sadržava samo glukozu kao organski izvor ugljika. Uporabom složene hranjive podloge može se ubrzati biosinteza lipida i topljivih ugljikohidrata (sirovina za proizvodnju biodizela i bioetanola), te usporiti sinteza fotosintetskih pigmenata i proteina. U radu je ispitana mogućnost primjene nusproizvoda dobivenih proizvodnjom biodizela i hidrolizom algi te podloga s organskim izvorima ugljika (topljivi ugljikohidrati i glicerol) kao sirovina (izvor lipida i ugljikohidrata) za proizvodnju miksotrofnih mikroalgi, radi smanjenja ukupnih troškova proizvodnje biodizela i bioetanola

Overwintering physiology of the rice stem borer larvae, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Roles of glycerol, amino acids, low-molecular weight carbohydrates and antioxidant enzymes

The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is a major rice pest around the world. A strong ability of the rice stem borer to adapt/resist cold temperature (cold hardiness) contributes to its survival through winter. However, the physiological mechanism of its cold hardiness is poorly understood. In this study, we determined the supercooling points (SCPs), the contents of amino acids and low-molecular weight carbohydrates of overwintering rice stem borer larvae. We also assessed the levels of their superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) antioxidative enzymes in the overwintering larvae. Our results revealed an intimate relationship of larval SCP with environmental temperature; SCP change reflected proportionally to change of environmental temperature. Analysis of low molecular weight carbohydrates established that the concentrations of glycerol and trehalose change in a manner that is inversely proportional to that of the environmental temperatures. Changes or significant changes of some amino acids and antioxidative enzymes were also observed in overwintering larvae. Our data suggest that decrease of the SCP in overwintering larvae is due primarily to the increase of cryoprotective glycerol and trehalose and also to the increase of several amino acids to an extent. The decreased SCP in-turn enabled rice stem borer larvae to withstand low temperature. Our study therefore provides an overall picture regarding seasonal changes of the cryoprotective substances in relation to the ability of the rice stem borer to survive cold environmental conditions.Keywords: Chilo suppressalis (Walker), cold hardiness, supercooling points (SCPs), amino acids, low-molecular weight carbohydrates, antioxidant enzyme

Development of Polysorbate 80/Phospholipid mixed micellar formation for docetaxel and assessment of its in vivo distribution in animal models

Docetaxel (DTX) is a very important member of taxoid family. Despite several alternative delivery systems reported recently, DTX formulated by Polysorbate 80 and alcohol (Taxotere®) is still the most frequent administration in clinical practice. In this study, we incorporated DTX into Polysorbate 80/Phospholipid mixed micelles and compared its structural characteristics, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and blood compatibility with its conventional counterparts. Results showed that the mixed micelles loaded DTX possessed a mean size of approximately 13 nm with narrow size distribution and a rod-like micelle shape. In the pharmacokinetics assessment, there was no significant difference between the two preparations (P > 0.05), which demonstrated that the DTX in the two preparations may share a similar pharmacokinetic process. However, the Polysorbate 80/Phospholipid mixed micelles can increase the drug residence amount of DTX in kidney, spleen, ovary and uterus, heart, and liver. The blood compatibility assessment study revealed that the mixed micelles were safe for intravenous injection. In conclusion, Polysorbate 80/Phospholipid mixed micelle is safe, can improve the tumor therapeutic effects of DTX in the chosen organs, and may be a potential alternative dosage form for clinical intravenous administration of DTX

N-[(E)-4-(Methyl­sulfon­yl)benzyl­idene]-3-nitro­aniline

In the title compound, C14H12N2O4S, the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 35.65 (12)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and aromatic π–π ring stacking inter­actions [minimum ring centroid separation = 3.697 (3) Å]

Genome Abnormalities Precede Prostate Cancer and Predict Clinical Relapse

The prediction of prostate cancer clinical outcome remains a major challenge after the diagnosis, even with improved early detection by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) monitoring. To evaluate whether copy number variation (CNV) of the genomes in prostate cancer tumor, in benign prostate tissues adjacent to the tumor (AT), and in the blood of patients with prostate cancer predicts biochemical (PSA) relapse and the kinetics of relapse, 241 samples (104 tumor, 49 matched AT, 85 matched blood, and 3 cell lines) were analyzed using Affymetrix SNP 6.0 chips. By using gene-specific CNV from tumor, the genome model correctly predicted 73% (receiver operating characteristic P = 0.003) cases for relapse and 75% (P < 0.001) cases for short PSA doubling time (PSADT, <4 months). The gene-specific CNV model from AT correctly predicted 67% (P = 0.041) cases for relapse and 77% (P = 0.015) cases for short PSADT. By using median-sized CNV from blood, the genome model correctly predicted 81% (P < 0.001) cases for relapse and 69% (P = 0.001) cases for short PSADT. By using median-sized CNV from tumor, the genome model correctly predicted 75% (P < 0.001) cases for relapse and 80% (P < 0.001) cases for short PSADT. For the first time, our analysis indicates that genomic abnormalities in either benign or malignant tissues are predictive of the clinical outcome of a malignancy

Pembentukan 8-OHdG Dari Zat Toksik Pemicu Radikal Bebas

This study was conducted to observethe profile of DNA Adduct (8-OHdG) formation as DNA damage indicators, by using calf thymus DNA incubated with toxic and carcinogenic compounds. The compounds which could trigger free radicals in this research were PAH(Benzo[a]Pyrene), TiO2, and CuCl2. Calf thymus DNA was incubated with Benzo[a]Pyrene and CuCl2 compounds under pH and temperature variations. The incubation of calf thymus DNA with TiO2-UV radiation (254 nm) wasused to induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the process of oxidative DNA damage. From this research, all of compounds have potency to trigger the formation of DNA Adduct (8-OHdG). The ratio of absorbance to assess the purity of DNA at 260 nm and 280 nm (λ260/ λ280 ) was measured at ~1.9. The shifted peaks at λmax were indicating changes on structures of DNA as a result of calf thymus DNA incubation with B[a]P and CuCl2. The highest level of 8-OHdG results in calf thymus DNA incubation with B[a]P and CuCl2 under pH 8.5 and incubation temperature at 60°C, was about 120.856 μg/L. Calf thymus DNA incubation with TiO2-UV radiation (254 nm) under pH 8.5 resulting 8-OHdG level at 57.025 μg/L