Influence des facteurs agro-écologiques et des herbicides sur le rendement et les caractéristiques technologiques des grains et farines de blés tendres (Triticum aestivum L.) et durs (Triticum durum Desf.)

L’étude met en évidence les effets combinés des conditions écologiques, de la variété et des herbicides 2,4+Lontrel et Quartz super sur les rendements, les caractéristiques technologiques des grains et les propriétés boulangères des farines de blés d’origines écologiques différentes dans la région de Moscou. Pour ce faire, les rendements grains, leurs caractéristiques technologiques et la qualité boulangère des farines mesurés ont montrés que ces blés originaires de la Syrie et du Yémen peuvent avec succès s’adapter à la région de Moscou avec des rendements grains de 3,21-3,43 t/ha (Scham-2), 2,78-3,18 t/ha (Bykhys-1) et 2,64-2,95 t/ha (Homari). L’amélioration de l’état phytosanitaire des semis grâce aux herbicides a permis des gains de production grains en moyenne des blés tendres et durs Lyba, Scham-2, Bykhys-1 et Homari respectivement de 12,2-15,5%, 5,6- 6,8%, 9,0-11,1% et 9,8-11,7%. Indépendamment des herbicides appliqués, les différences observées dans la teneur des blés en protéine, gluten et amidon sont dues à la particularité de chaque variété. Aussi, les blés tendres Lyba et Scham-2 avec respectivement 13,4 et 13,8% (protéine) et 29,6 et 30,2% (gluten) sont panifiables tandis que les blés durs Bykhys-1 et Homari avec respectivement 15,7 et 15,5% (protéines) et 35,4% (gluten) sont pastifiables.Mots clés: Désherbants, protéine, gluten, qualité boulangère, panifiable

Terahertz Time-Domain Magnetospectroscopy of a High-Mobility Two-Dimensional Electron Gas

We have observed cyclotron resonance in a high-mobility GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas by using the techniques of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy combined with magnetic fields. From this, we calculate the real and imaginary parts of the diagonal elements of the magnetoconductivity tensor, which in turn allows us to extract the concentration, effective mass, and scattering time of the electrons in the sample. We demonstrate the utility of ultrafast terahertz spectroscopy, which can recover the true linewidth of cyclotron resonance in a high-mobility ($>{10}^{6} \mathrm{cm^{2} V^{-1} s^{-1}}$) sample without being affected by the saturation effect.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Effet des techniques de conservation des eaux et des sols, zaï forestier et cordons pierreux, sur la réhabilitation de la végétation herbacée à l’Ouest du Burkina Faso

Dans la perspective de trouver des solutions pour remédier au problème de dégradation des ressources naturelles en milieu forestier, des techniques de conservation des eaux et des sols ont été appliquées dans la forêt classée de Kuinima, à l’Ouest du Burkina Faso. L’étude a consisté au suivi de l’évolution de la strate herbacée sur des parcelles où ont été appliquées des techniques de traitement par du zaï forestier et des cordons pierreux. Sur ces parcelles, l’herbe a été récoltée sur des placettes de 1 m2 par la méthode de la récolte intégrale pour suivre l’évolution de la biomasse. Les placettes ont été installées sur les deux diagonales de chaque parcelle. La diversité floristique a été appréciée par un inventaire exhaustif, puis un inventaire stratifié par la méthode des points quadrats. L’étude a révélé un accroissement de la diversité floristique de 6,15 à 35,38% et une augmentation de la biomasse herbacée de 42,07 à 71,34% des parcelles aménagées en zaï forestier et en cordons pierreux par rapport aux parcelles témoins. On a noté également un développement des espèces pérennes comme Andropogon gayanus Kunth, Andropogon ascinodis C.B.CI. et Loudetia arundinacea Hochst.ex Steud. dans les espaces aménagés. Ceci témoigne d’une restauration progressive de ces parcelles aménagées

Vasodilator effect of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloïdes, Calotropis procera and FACA, a mixture of these two plants

Root bark extracts from Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides Lam (Rutaceae) and Calotropis procera Aït (Asclepiadaceae) were used in Burkina Faso folk medicine for several diseases particularly sickle cell anemia. Authors reported here vasorelaxant effect of these plants on rat isolated aorta. Z. zanthoxyloïdes (cumulative addition) produces a concentration-dependent relaxation on the aorta. Maximal effects are respectively of 60.34 ± 2.34 and 100% in the presence and in the absence of endothelium. C. procera extract induces a more relaxing effect on endothelium-denuded aorta (Emax = 59.78 ± 2.13% and 100% in presence and absence of endothelium respectively). FACA, the mixture of these two plants also induces vasorelaxation (Emax = 100%), with better effect in the presence of endothelium (EC50 = 2.76 ± 0.38 mg/mL and 4.90 ± 0.69 mg/mL in presence and absence of endothelium respectively). Endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect of FACA was inhibited by L-NAME; this clearly indicates that NO is involved in aorta relaxation process by FACA. Taken together this study revealed that FACA and its components possess vasodilator effect. This vascular property of FACA may be involved in the amendment of sickle cell crisis through inhibition of vaso-occlusion process.Keywords: Sickle cell anemia, phytotherapy, rat aorta, endotheliu

Early Scottish Monasteries and Prehistory: A Preliminary Dialogue

Reflecting oil the diversity of monastic attributes found in the east and west of Britain, the author proposes that prehistoric ritual practice was influential on monastic form. An argument is advanced that this was not based solely oil inspiration Front the landscape, nor oil conservative tradition, but oil the intellectual reconciliation of Christian and non-Christian ideas, with disparate results that account. for the differences in monumentality. Among more general matters tentatively credited with a prehistoric root are the cult of relics, the tonsure and the date of Easter

Motional Squashed States

We show that by using a feedback loop it is possible to reduce the fluctuations in one quadrature of the vibrational degree of freedom of a trapped ion below the quantum limit. The stationary state is not a proper squeezed state, but rather a ``squashed'' state, since the uncertainty in the orthogonal quadrature, which is larger than the standard quantum limit, is unaffected by the feedback action.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the special Issue "Quantum Correlations and Fluctuations" of J. Opt.

Dielectric and conductivity relaxation in mixtures of glycerol with LiCl

We report a thorough dielectric characterization of the alpha relaxation of glass forming glycerol with varying additions of LiCl. Nine salt concentrations from 0.1 - 20 mol% are investigated in a frequency range of 20 Hz - 3 GHz and analyzed in the dielectric loss and modulus representation. Information on the dc conductivity, the dielectric relaxation time (from the loss) and the conductivity relaxation time (from the modulus) is provided. Overall, with increasing ion concentration, a transition from reorientationally to translationally dominated behavior is observed and the translational ion dynamics and the dipolar reorientational dynamics become successively coupled. This gives rise to the prospect that by adding ions to dipolar glass formers, dielectric spectroscopy may directly couple to the translational degrees of freedom determining the glass transition, even in frequency regimes where usually strong decoupling is observed.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Phase space geometry and slow dynamics

We describe a non-Arrhenius mechanism for slowing down of dynamics that is inherent to the high dimensionality of the phase space. We show that such a mechanism is at work both in a family of mean-field spin-glass models without any domain structure and in the case of ferromagnetic domain growth. The marginality of spin-glass dynamics, as well as the existence of a `quasi equilibrium regime' can be understood within this scenario. We discuss the question of ergodicity in an out-of equilibrium situation.Comment: 23 pages, ReVTeX3.0, 6 uuencoded postscript figures appende

Flavour Symmetries and Kahler Operators

Any supersymmetric mechanism to solve the flavour puzzle would generate mixing both in the superpotential Yukawa couplings and in the Kahler potential. In this paper we study, in a model independent way, the impact of the nontrivial structure of the Kahler potential on the physical mixing matrix, after kinetic terms are canonically normalized. We undertake this analysis both for the quark sector and the neutrino sector. For the quark sector, and in view of the experimental values for the masses and mixing angles, we find that the effects of canonical normalization are subdominant. On the other hand, for the leptonic sector we obtain different conclusions depending on the spectrum of neutrinos. In the hierarchical case we obtain similar conclusion as in the quark sector, whereas in the degenerate and inversely hierarchical case, important changes in the mixing angles could be expected.Comment: 22 pages, LaTe

Environmental contaminants as etiologic factors for diabetes.

For both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, the rates have been increasing in the United States and elsewhere; rates vary widely by country, and genetic factors account for less than half of new cases. These observations suggest environmental factors cause both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Occupational exposures have been associated with increased risk of diabetes. In addition, recent data suggest that toxic substances in the environment, other than infectious agents or exposures that stimulate an immune response, are associated with the occurrence of these diseases. We reviewed the epidemiologic data that addressed whether environmental contaminants might cause type 1 or type 2 diabetes. For type 1 diabetes, higher intake of nitrates, nitrites, and N-nitroso compounds, as well as higher serum levels of polychlorinated biphenyls have been associated with increased risk. Overall, however, the data were limited or inconsistent. With respect to type 2 diabetes, data on arsenic and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin relative to risk were suggestive of a direct association but were inconclusive. The occupational data suggested that more data on exposure to N-nitroso compounds, arsenic, dioxins, talc, and straight oil machining fluids in relation to diabetes would be useful. Although environmental factors other than contaminants may account for the majority of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the etiologic role of several contaminants and occupational exposures deserves further study