The effect of nicotine-containing products and fetal sex on placenta-associated circulating midpregnancy biomarkers

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Sammenhengen mellom fysisk og kognitiv funksjon En tverrsnittstudie av eldre på fallpoliklinikk

Bakgrunn. Fall er vanlig blant eldre og kan få alvorlige konsekvenser. Fall er ofte et resultat av et komplekst samspill mellom flere risikofaktorer. Eldre med kognitiv svikt har høyere risiko for å falle enn eldre uten kognitiv svikt. Fallklinikker er en tilnærmingsmåte der eldres individuelle risikoprofil kan kartlegges gjennom en helhetlig tverrfaglig vurdering. Hensikt. Å undersøke sammenhenger mellom fysisk og kognitiv funksjon hos pasienter på en fallpoliklinikk. Metode. En tverrsnittstudie som inkluderte 127 pasienter. Pasienter med kognitiv svikt (n=28) ble sammenlignet med pasienter uten kognitiv svikt (n=94). Selvrapporterte måleinstrument var Barthel ADL Index (BI), Spørreskjema om gangvansker (RWI) og kortversjonen av Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Prestasjonsbaserte måleinstrument var Timed Up and Go (TUG), Bergs Balanseskala (BBS), Dynamisk Gang Indeks (DGI), Skulderdragtesten (SPT) fra Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) og Reise og sette seg testen (FTSS). Kognitive måleinstrumenter var screeningverktøyene Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) og Klokketesten (CDT). Resultater. Pasienter med kognitiv svikt hadde signifikant dårligere resultat på BBS, TUG og BI enn pasienter uten kognitiv svikt. De som hadde falt to eller flere ganger hadde signifikant dårligere skår på kognitive utfallsmål, mens det var ingen signifikant forskjell i fysisk funksjon. Det var en liten, men signifikant sammenheng mellom måleinstrument for fysisk funksjon og kognitiv funksjon. Sammenhengen imellom måleinstrument for selvrapportert og prestasjonsbasert fysisk funksjon og imellom måleinstrument for kognitiv funksjon, var moderat til stor, men ikke gjensidig utelukkende. Konklusjon. Kognitiv funksjon er relatert til dårligere prestasjon på flere måleinstrument for fysisk funksjon og antall fall i en fallpoliklinikkpopulasjon

Snus in pregnancy and infant birth size: a mother–child birth cohort study

Rationale: While recent studies show that maternal use of snus during pregnancy is increasing, the potential effects on infant birth size is less investigated, with conflicting results. Objectives: We aimed to determine if maternal use of snus during pregnancy influences the infant anthropometric and proportional size measures at birth. Methods: In 2313 mother–child pairs from the population-based, mother–child birth cohort PreventADALL (Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies) in Norway and Sweden, we assessed nicotine exposure by electronic questionnaire(s) at 18 and 34 weeks of pregnancy, and anthropometric measurements at birth. Associations between snus exposure and birth size outcomes were analysed by general linear regression. Results: Birthweight was not significantly different in infants exposed to snus in general, and up to 18 weeks of pregnancy in particular, when adjusting for relevant confounders including maternal age, gestational age at birth, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, fetal sex and maternal gestational weight gain up to 18 weeks. We found no significant effect of snus use on the other anthropometric or proportional size measures in multivariable linear regression models. Most women stopped snus use in early pregnancy. Conclusion: Exposure to snus use in early pregnancy, with most women stopping when knowing about their pregnancy, was not associated with birth size. We were unable to conclude on effects of continued snus use during pregnancy because of lack of exposure in our cohort

Snus in pregnancy and infant birth size: a mother–child birth cohort study

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Stopping when knowing: use of snus and nicotine during pregnancy in Scandinavia

In young women, the use of snus increases in parallel with decreasing smoking rates but the use in pregnancy is unclear. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of snus use, smoking and other nicotine-containing product use during pregnancy, and to identify predictors for snus use in pregnancy. Prevalence was determined for 2528 women in Norway and Sweden based on the Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies (PreventADALL) study, a population-based, mother–child birth cohort. Electronic questionnaires were completed in pregnancy week 18 and/or week 34, and potential predictors of snus use were analysed using logistic regression models. Ever use of any snus, tobacco or nicotine-containing products was reported by 35.7% of women, with similar rates of snus use (22.5%) and smoking (22.6%). Overall, 11.3% of women reported any use of nicotine-containing products in pregnancy up to 34 weeks, most often snus alone (6.5%). Most women (87.2%) stopped using snus by week 6 of pregnancy. Snus use in pregnancy was inversely associated with age and positively associated with urban living and personal or maternal history of smoking. While 11.3% of women used snus or other nicotine-containing products at some time, most stopped when recognising their pregnancy. Younger, urban living, previously smoking women were more likely to use snus in pregnancy

Skin emollient and early complementary feeding to prevent infant atopic dermatitis (PreventADALL): a factorial, multicentre, cluster-randomised trial

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