The Study of Relationship between Learning Styles and Time Management among Graduate Students

This article is aimed at investigating the relationship between learning styles and time management among graduate students in Bahonar University of Kerman. This research is conducted through a descriptive and correlational method. The statistical population consists of all the graduate students studying at Bahonar University during the second semester of 2013-2014 in Kerman; among whom 110 were selected using cluster sampling procedure. The instruments used in this study were the Kolb's learning style questionnaire (converging, diverging, assimilating, adaptive) and Britton & Tesser time management questionnaire (long-term and short-term planning and time attitudes) whose reliability and validity are then confirmed. In order to analyze the data, multivariate variance analysis and Levin test were used. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between time management and learning styles of students. In addition, no significant relationship between their learning style and time management in terms of demographic variables (their disciplines of study, age and gender) was found. The extent of time management was in better condition among students of mathematics than students of industries. Keywords: Learning style, Time management, Higher Education, Student

Feeding patterns and colicky infants

Background: infantil colic is a common GI problem of early infancy and The cause of it is unclear. It may be part of the normal distribution of crying. but caring for an infant with colic can be distressing and frustrating for parents and may be early discontinuing of breastfeeding. Some factors like bad maternal feeding patterns such as (over feeding with each crying,bad breast –infant attachment and bad position of mother-infant )cause air swallowing and crying houres a day and a week. Objective: relation between the pattern of breastfeeding and colic in infants under 4 months referred to primary health care centers . Method: in this cross sectional study for 400 healthy infants under 4 months age and don’t have diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal distension and decrease growth were studied referred to Kerman primary health care for vaccination and growth monitoring ,filled an researcher-made questionnaire .data were analyzed by SPSS 15.0. Result:. Based on the results, the average score of colic in breast-feeding pattern of non-colic group, respectively (10/3+2 / 4 , 11+2/4) from the statistically significant correlation was lower (p = 000 / 0) observed. Conclusion: with raising feeding pattern score (better feeding pattern) especially in breastfeeding infants colic will be decreased. Keywords: pattern of breastfeeding, colic pains, the infant, breast feedin

Alteration in CD8+T cell subsets in enterovirus-infected patients: An alarming factor for type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes is a multi-factorial disease that can develop due to the combination of genetic and environmental factors. Viruses, particularly enteroviruses, are major environmental candidates in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, even though the mechanisms of pathogenicity of these viruses and their effects on the immune system have not been understood very well yet. Previous studies show that any imbalance in the population of different lymphocyte subsets could develop autoimmune diseases. Our theory is that enteroviral infection causes an impairment in the distribution of lymphocyte subtypes and consequently results in the diabetes onset in some individuals. Therefore, in this project, we evaluated the distribution of T CD8+ lymphocytes and their subsets in type 1 diabetes patients. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between enteroviral infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus in an Iranian population, and suggestion a predicting approach for susceptible subjects. © 201

Effect of carbohydrate restriction on body weight in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of 110 randomized controlled trials

IntroductionCarbohydrate-restricted diets are one of the most effective dietary interventions for weight loss. However, the optimum carbohydrate intake for implementing the most effective weight-loss interventions is still being discussed. We aimed to determine the optimum carbohydrate intake for short- and long-term weight loss in adults with overweight and obesity.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL from inception to May 2021 for randomized controlled trials examining the effect of a carbohydrate-restricted diet (≤45% of energy intake) as compared to a control diet (carbohydrate intake >45% of energy intake) on body weight in adults with overweight/obesity. A random-effects dose–response meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the mean difference for each 10% decrease in carbohydrate intake at the 6-month follow-up (1 to 6 months), 12-month follow-up (6 to 12 months), and follow-up longer than 12 months. The shape of the dose-dependent effects was also evaluated. The certainty of the evidence was rated using the GRADE approach. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) threshold was defined as 5% weight loss (equal to 4.39 kg).ResultsA total of 110 trials were selected for the present meta-analysis. In the linear dose–response meta-analysis, each 10% decrease in carbohydrate intake reduced body weight by 0.64 kg (95% CI: −0.79 to −0.49; n = 101 trials with 4,135 participants, high-certainty evidence) at the 6-month follow-up and by 1.15 kg (95% CI: −1.61 to −0.69; 42 trials with 2,657 participants, moderate-certainty evidence) at the 12-month follow-up. Non-linear dose–response meta-analyses indicated a monotonic reduction in body weight with the decrease in carbohydrate intake, with the greatest reduction at 5% at the 6-month follow-up (mean difference 5%: −3.96 kg, 95% CI: −4.92 to −3.00) and 10% at the 12-month follow-up (mean difference 10%: −6.26 kg, 95% CI: −10.42 to −2.10). At follow-up longer than 12 months, dose–response analyses suggested a non-linear effect, wherein carbohydrate intakes higher than 40% and lower than 30% were not effective for weight loss.DiscussionCarbohydrate restriction is an effective dietary strategy for important weight loss in adults with overweight and obesity. At 6-month and 12-month follow-ups, body weight decreased proportionally, more than the MCID threshold, along with the decrease in carbohydrate intake. At follow-up longer than 12 months, there was a non-linear effect, with the greatest reduction at 30% carbohydrate intake.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022315042

Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate Preservatives and Artificial Color in Bulk Tomato Paste Samples in Qazvin, Iran

Tomato is one of the popular crops in the world and tomato paste is a product of it. Due to its wide application, quality control of this product is important. The goal of our study was to the assessment of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate preservatives and artificial color in bulk tomato paste samples in Qazvin, Iran. In this study, 45 samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the preservatives. Benzoic acid was detected in 17 (37.78%) samples, ranging from nd not detected to 1896 mg kg-1 and Potassium sorbate was not detected in any of the samples. The detection of color in samples was done by the thin-layer chromatography method (TLC). Three samples (6.67%) had Pansio 4R artificial color. The mean and standard deviation of sodium benzoate in samples were 990.62 mg kg-1 and 396.07 mg kg-1 , respectively. According to the national standard of Iran for canned tomato paste, adding any kind of preservative and color to tomato paste is prohibited. The results show the importance monitoring of sodium benzoate and artificial colors in bulk tomato paste by health authorities

Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate Preservatives and Artificial Color in Bulk Tomato Paste Samples in Qazvin, Iran

Tomato is one of the popular crops in the world and tomato paste is a product of it. Due to its wide application, quality control of this product is important. The goal of our study was to the assessment of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate preservatives and artificial color in bulk tomato paste samples in Qazvin, Iran. In this study, 45 samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the preservatives. Benzoic acid was detected in 17 (37.78%) samples, ranging from nd not detected to 1896 mg kg-1 and Potassium sorbate was not detected in any of the samples. The detection of color in samples was done by the thin-layer chromatography method (TLC). Three samples (6.67%) had Pansio 4R artificial color. The mean and standard deviation of sodium benzoate in samples were 990.62 mg kg-1 and 396.07 mg kg-1 , respectively. According to the national standard of Iran for canned tomato paste, adding any kind of preservative and color to tomato paste is prohibited. The results show the importance monitoring of sodium benzoate and artificial colors in bulk tomato paste by health authorities

Association of polymorphisms in TLR3 and TLR7 genes with susceptibility to COVID-19 among Iranian population: a retrospective case-control study

Background and Objectives: Host genetic changes like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are one of the main factors influencing susceptibility to viral infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between the host SNP of Toll-Like Receptor3 (TLR3) and Toll-Like Receptor7 (TLR7) genes involved in the immune system and susceptibility to COVID-19 in a sample of the Iranian population. Materials and Methods: This retrospective case-control study evaluated 244 hospitalized COVID-19 patients as the case group and 156 suspected COVID-19 patients with mild signs as the control group. The genomic DNA of patients was genotyped for TLR7 (rs179008 and rs179009) and TLR3 (rs3775291 and rs3775296) SNPs using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: A significant association between rs179008 SNP in the TLR7 gene and the susceptibility of COVID-19 was found between case and control groups. The AT genotype (Heterozygous) of TLR7 rs179008 A>T polymorphism showed a significant association with a 2.261-fold increased odds of COVID-19 (P=0.003; adjusted OR: 2.261; 99% CI: 1.117-4.575). In addition, a significant association between TC genotype of TLR7 rs179009 T>C polymorphism and increased odds of COVID-19 (P 0.004167). Conclusion: SNPs in TLR7 rs179008 and rs179009 genotypes are considered host genetic factors that could be influenced individual susceptibility to COVID-19. The SNPs in TLR3 (rs3775296 and rs3775291) showed no significant association with COVID-19 in Iranian population

A Comparative Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Laboratory Findings of COVID-19 between Intensive Care Unit and Non-Intensive Care Unit Pediatric Patients: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study from Iranian Network for Research in Viral

Introduction: To date, little is known about the clinical features of pediatric COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Objective: Herein, we aimed to describe the differences in demographic characteristics, laboratory findings, clinical presentations, and outcomes of Iranian pediatric COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU versus those in non-ICU settings. Methods: This multicenter investigation involved 15 general and pediatrics hospitals and included cases with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection based on positive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) admitted to these centers between March and May 2020, during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Results: Overall, 166 patients were included, 61 (36.7%) of whom required ICU admission. The highest number of admitted cases to ICU were in the age group of 1–5 years old. Malignancy and heart diseases were the most frequent underlying conditions. Dyspnea was the major symptom for ICU-admitted patients. There were significant decreases in PH, HCO3 and base excess, as well as increases in creatinine, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and potassium levels between ICU-admitted and non-ICU patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), shock, and acute cardiac injury were the most common features among ICU-admitted patients. The mortality rate in the ICU-admitted patients was substantially higher than non-ICU cases (45.9% vs. 1.9%, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusions: Underlying diseases were the major risk factors for the increased ICU admissions and mortality rates in pediatric COVID-19 patients. There were few paraclinical parameters that could differentiate between pediatrics in terms of prognosis and serious outcomes of COVID-19. Healthcare providers should consider children as a high-risk group, especially those with underlying medical conditions

Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990–2020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis in adults, characterised by chronic pain and loss of mobility. Osteoarthritis most frequently occurs after age 40 years and prevalence increases steeply with age. WHO has designated 2021–30 the decade of healthy ageing, which highlights the need to address diseases such as osteoarthritis, which strongly affect functional ability and quality of life. Osteoarthritis can coexist with, and negatively effect, other chronic conditions. Here we estimate the burden of hand, hip, knee, and other sites of osteoarthritis across geographies, age, sex, and time, with forecasts of prevalence to 2050. Methods In this systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study, osteoarthritis prevalence in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020 was estimated using data from population-based surveys from 26 countries for knee osteoarthritis, 23 countries for hip osteoarthritis, 42 countries for hand osteoarthritis, and US insurance claims for all of the osteoarthritis sites, including the other types of osteoarthritis category. The reference case definition was symptomatic, radiographically confirmed osteoarthritis. Studies using alternative definitions from the reference case definition (for example self-reported osteoarthritis) were adjusted to reference using regression models. Osteoarthritis severity distribution was obtained from a pooled meta-analysis of sources using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. Final prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights to calculate years lived with disability (YLDs). Prevalence was forecast to 2050 using a mixed-effects model. Findings Globally, 595 million (95% uncertainty interval 535–656) people had osteoarthritis in 2020, equal to 7·6% (95% UI 6·8–8·4) of the global population, and an increase of 132·2% (130·3–134·1) in total cases since 1990. Compared with 2020, cases of osteoarthritis are projected to increase 74·9% (59·4–89·9) for knee, 48·6% (35·9–67·1) for hand, 78·6% (57·7–105·3) for hip, and 95·1% (68·1–135·0) for other types of osteoarthritis by 2050. The global age-standardised rate of YLDs for total osteoarthritis was 255·0 YLDs (119·7–557·2) per 100 000 in 2020, a 9·5% (8·6–10·1) increase from 1990 (233·0 YLDs per 100 000, 109·3–510·8). For adults aged 70 years and older, osteoarthritis was the seventh ranked cause of YLDs. Age-standardised prevalence in 2020 was more than 5·5% in all world regions, ranging from 5677·4 (5029·8–6318·1) per 100 000 in southeast Asia to 8632·7 (7852·0–9469·1) per 100 000 in high-income Asia Pacific. Knee was the most common site for osteoarthritis. High BMI contributed to 20·4% (95% UI –1·7 to 36·6) of osteoarthritis. Potentially modifiable risk factors for osteoarthritis such as recreational injury prevention and occupational hazards have not yet been explored in GBD modelling. Interpretation Age-standardised YLDs attributable to osteoarthritis are continuing to rise and will lead to substantial increases in case numbers because of population growth and ageing, and because there is no effective cure for osteoarthritis. The demand on health systems for care of patients with osteoarthritis, including joint replacements, which are highly effective for late stage osteoarthritis in hips and knees, will rise in all regions, but might be out of reach and lead to further health inequity for individuals and countries unable to afford them. Much more can and should be done to prevent people getting to that late stage