Comparison of the effectiveness of solid nutrient medium in the in vitro cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates

Background. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a facultatively anaerobic microorganism which is extremely demanding to the composition of a nutrient media and cultivation conditions. In a situation of the increasing shortage and cost of foreign components for the preparation of solid nutrient media, it is important to study the possibility of growing hard-to-cultivate microorganisms on domestically produced nutrient media.The aim of the study. To evaluate the growth of gonococcus colonies on two types of solid nutrient media – chocolate agar with growth and selective additives prepared using imported reagents and chocolate agar with growth additives manufactured by “Gem LTD” (Moscow, Russian Federation).Materials and methods. А reference strain of N. gonorrhoeae NCTC 12700/ ATCC 49226 and two types of chocolate agar (the first one – prepared in the State Scientific Center of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology using imported components and the other one – from the domestic manufacturer “Gem LTD”) were used in the research.Results. The equivalence of the growth properties of both studied types of nutrient media when cultivating pure gonococcus was revealed.Conclusions. Ready-to-use chocolate agar with growth additives produced by “Gem LTD” can be successfully used in the laboratory for the cultivation of N. gonorrhoeae pure culture. Primary isolation of N. gonorrhoeae strains from clinical material is more appropriate to carry out on a medium that suppresses the growth of foreign microflora due to the inclusion of antibiotic additive. The organization of production of domestic bacteriological media for microorganisms with high nutrient requirements reduces the dependence of domestic microbiology on import and ensures their rapid delivery to laboratories

Мониторинг потребительского отношения населения к лекарственным средствам

Objective. Comparative analysis and monitoring of the population’s attitude to medicines through an assessment of their consumer qualities by visitors of pharmacies.Materials and Methods. Conducted two sociological survey thru the original questionnaires in 2002 and 2015 among pharmacy customers. Each survey included 380 respondents living in the cities of Central Russia. During the interviews, respondents were asked, among other things evaluate the 13 influencing their choice of consumer qualities of medicines. Six of these qualities characterize the pharmaceutical features and merchandising options are seven parameters of medicines. Statistical analysis used a set of indicators of variation statistics, ranking, rank correlation.Results. Ratings of consumer qualities of medicines are obtained for the studied years and changes in the whole period of monitoring. We have identified the priority characteristics of medicines which are essential for consumers, in particular: efficiency, clear information on the package, low cost, minor side effects, convenient way to receive.Conclusion. The revealed features of consumer attitudes to medicines should be taken into account pharmaceutical workers in information and consultative dealing with pharmacies visitors.Цель исследования – сравнительный анализ и мониторинг отношения населения к лекарственным средствам на основе оценки их потребительских качеств посетителями аптек.Материалы и методы. Проведены два социологических опроса по оригинальным анкетам в 2002 и 2015 гг. среди посетителей аптек. В каждом опросе приняли участие по 380 респондентов, проживающих в городах Центральной России. В ходе опросов респондентам предлагалось среди прочего оценить 13 влияющих на их выбор потребительских качеств лекарственных средств. Шесть этих качеств характеризуют фармацевтические особенности и семь – являются товароведческими параметрами лекарственных средств. Для статистической обработки использован комплекс показателей вариационной статистики, ранжирование, ранговая корреляция.Результаты. Получены рейтинги потребительских качеств лекарственных средств за исследуемые годы и их изменения в целом за период мониторинга. Определены приоритетные характеристики лекарственных средств, имеющие существенное значение для потребителей, в частности: эффективность, понятная информация на упаковке, низкая стоимость, незначительные побочные действия, удобный способ приема.Заключение. Выявленные особенности потребительского отношения к лекарственным средствам должны учитываться фармацевтическими работниками в информационно-консультативном общении с посетителями аптек

Anatomy of the terminal branches of the superior rectal artery during selective doppler controlled dearterialization of the hemorrhoidal nodes (HAL-RAR)

Background: To date, there is no single standard for conducting HAL-RAR operations. The constant discussion raises the question of the number of terminal branches of the superior rectal artery, which must be ligated in the submucosal layer of the rectum in order to provide the adequate dearterialization of hemorrhoids. Aim: To study the anatomy of the branches of the superior rectal artery and to develop recommendations for the optimal ligation of the terminal branches of the superior rectal artery. Methods: 150 protocols of the previous operations have been studied. In order to further objectify our results, the results of radiation diagnostics (CT and MRI) were revised for 100 patients without pathological changes of the rectum and anal canal to study the variant anatomy of the superior rectal artery and its terminal branches in the rectal wall. Results: In 148 patients, 6 terminal branches were identified, in 2 (1.333%) patients, 5 branches were found. 100 cases without pathological changes were also analyzed (60 MRI and 40 CT scans). In all the cases, 6 terminal branches of the superior rectal artery were determined, located at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 o'clock positions of the conventional dial. At the same time, a large number of identified anatomical options for the branching of the VPA and the method for reaching the rectal wall should be noted, which we used as a basis to propose a classification. Conclusion: In the vast majority of cases, there are 6 terminal branches of the superior rectal artery, located in the lower ampulla of the rectum at approximately 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 hours of the conventional dial. A number of variants of the vascular anatomy of the proximal branches are possible, but 6 distal branches are involved in the direct blood supply of the hemorrhoids. When performing selective Doppler-controlled dearterialization of hemorrhoids, it is expedient to ligate 6 arterial vessels

Гендерные особенности в отношениях населения к лекарственным средствам

Objective. The study of gender features of attitudes visitors of pharmacies to medicines.Materials and Methods. Conducted sociological survey thru the original questionnaires in 2015 among pharmacy customers. The survey included 380 respondents (190 men and 190 women) living in the cities of Central Russia. During the interview, respondents were asked, among other things evaluate the 13 influencing their choice when buying of consumer qualities of medicines. For statistical analysis used the methods of variation statistics, ranking, grouping, correlation analysis.Results. We have identified the priority qualities of medicines which are essential for consumers, in particular: efficiency, minor side effects, low cost, clear information on the package, convenient medicinal form of production. We have not detected significant gender differences in the assessment of consumer qualities of medicines that led to the conclusion of equivalence of consumer attitudes of men and women to them.Цель исследования — изучение гендерных особенностей отношения посетителей аптек к лекарственным средствам.Материалы и методы. Проведен социологический опрос по оригинальной анкете в 2015 г. среди посетителей аптек. В опросе приняли участие 380 респондентов (190 мужчин и 190 женщин), проживающих в городах Центральной России. В ходе опроса респондентам предлагалось среди прочего оценить 13 влияющих на их выбор при покупке потребительских качеств лекарственных средств. Для статистической обработки использованы методы вариационной статистики, ранжирования, группировки, корреляционного анализа.Результаты. Определены приоритетные качества лекарственных средств, имеющие существенное значение для потребителей, в частности: эффективность, незначительные побочные действия, низкая стоимость, понятная информация на упаковке, удобная лекарственная форма. Не установлены существенные гендерные различия в оценке потребительских качеств лекарственных средств, что позволило сделать заключение о равнозначности потребительского отношения мужчин и женщин к ним

Analysis of submitting to grain shredding cams

The paper type for reasonably-shipment crush device camera, analyzes neither the process of feeding grain to the mill low productivity and determined nor its main technological parameters

ОЦІНКА ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ ШТУЧНИХ СПОРУД

The basic provisions of determination of economic efficiency of exploitation of artificial structures are considered in the article. There are presented the calculation formulas of expenses on replacement and repair of artificial structures for two variants of exploitation: longevity extension and reliability improvement. The economic effect from making more rational decision on further exploitation of a structure is also determined.В статье изложены основные положения определения экономической эффективности эксплуатации искусственных сооружений. Приведены расчетные формулы затрат на замену и ремонт искусственных сооружений по двум вариантам эксплуатации: продление долговечности и повышение надежности. А также определен экономический эффект от принятия более рационального решения по дальнейшей эксплуатации сооружения.В статті викладено основні положення визначення економічної ефективності експлуатації штучних споруд. Наведено розрахункові формули затрат на заміну і ремонт штучних споруд за двома варіантами експлуатації: подовження довговічності та підвищення надійності. А також визначено економічний ефект від прийняття більш доцільного рішення для подальшої експлуатації споруди

Dynamics of the sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae strains found in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2010-2013 to antimicrobial drugs used for the treatment of gonococcal infection

Goal of the study. To study the sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae strains found in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2010- 2013 to antimicrobial drugs. Materials and methods. During the monitoring of antibiotic resistance of N. gonorrhoeae in 2010-2013, phenotypic properties of N. gonorrhoeae strains to antimicrobial drugs (penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, spectinomycin, azithromycin and ceftriaxone) were examined by the agar serial dilution technique. As many as 1,305 viable N. gonorrhoeae strains from different regions of the russian Federation were examined. The results were evaluated according to the criteria such as CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institution) and EUCAST (European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing). The results were processed by using the WHONET software, version 5.4. Results. According to the results of a study of N. gonorrhoeae antibiotic resistance, N. gonorrhoeae is highly resistant to penicillin (in 2010 - 72.4%, in 2011 - 50.6%, in 2012 - 51.2%, in 2013 - 49.3%), to tetracycline (in 2010 - 68.5%, in 2011 - 55%, in 2012 - 61.9%, in 2013 - 49.3%) and ciprofloxacin (in 2010 - 56.2%, in 2011 - 37.1%, in 2012 - 35%, in 2013 - 24.6%) for the entire observation period without any substantial trend towards its reduction. During studies of the resistance of the gonococcal infection pathogen to spectinomycin, the share of non-sensitive strains to the antibiotic reduced from 16.7% in 2010 to 0.7% in 2013. A slight reduction in the share of non-sensitive N. gonorrhoeae strains to azithromycin was also observed (in 2010 - 15.3%, in 2011 - 25.3%, in 2012 - 17.5%, in 2013 - 9.9%) yet these data substantially exceed the level recommended by the WHO for prescribing an antimicrobial therapy. A high level of N. gonorrhoeae sensitivity to ceftriaxone (100%) was revealed in 2010-2013. Conclusions. According to the analysis of resistance of N. gonorrhoeae strains to antimicrobial drugs found in the territory of the russian Federation in 2010-2013, there is a trend towards the reduction in the number of non-sensitive N. gonorrhoeae strains to penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, spectinomycin and azithromycin, which can confirm the efficacy of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae antibiotic resistance monitoring measures taken by State research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology since 2002

АНАЛІЗ ПРИЧИН ПОНАДНОРМАТИВНОГО НАХИЛУ БАЛАНСИРІВ РУХОМИХ ОПОРНИХ ЧАСТИН ЗАЛІЗОБЕТОННОГО ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО МОСТУ ЧЕРЕЗ РІЧКУ САКСАГАНЬ

In the article the results of inspection of reinforced-concrete railway bridge are resulted across the river of Saksagan' and analysis of reasons of above normal inclination of mobile supporting partsВ статье приведены результаты обследования железобетонного железнодорожного моста через реку Саксагань и анализ причин сверхнормативного наклона балансиров подвижных опорных частейУ статті приведені результати обстеження залізобетонного залізничного мосту через річку Саксагань та аналіз причин понаднормативного нахилу балансирів рухомих опорних части