Preliminary investigation of a CFD-assisted virtual reality experience in engineering education

Virtual reality has become a significant asset to diversify tools in the support of engineering education and training. The cognitive and behavioral advantages of virtual reality (VR) can help lecturers reduce entry barriers to concepts that students struggle with. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are imperative tools intensively utilized in the design and analysis of chemical engineering problems. Although CFD simulation tools can be directly applied in engineering education, they bring several challenges in the implementation and operation for both students and lecturers. In this study, to tackle these challenges, we developed the “Virtual Garage” as a taskcentered educational VR application with CFD simulations. The Virtual Garage is composed of a holistic immersive experience to educate students through a real-life engineering problem solved with CFD simulation data using a VR headset. The prototype is tested by graduate students (n=24). Participants assessed usability, user experience, task load and cybersickness via standard questionnaires together with self-reported questions and a semi-structured interview. Preliminary results reflect that the Virtual Garage is well-received by participants. We identify features that can further enhance the usability and user experience

Tourism students’ entrepreneurial personality traits: An emprical research on undergraduate associate and bachelor’s students

Bu araştırmanın amacı, turizm eğitimi alan lisans ve ön lisans öğrencilerinin girişimci kişilik özelliklerinin tespit edilmesidir. Bu amaçla, Sakarya Üniversitesi ve Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi’nde turizm eğitimi alan 308 lisans ve ön lisans öğrencisi üzerinde bir alan araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler istatistiki metotlarla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucu elde edilen bulgular, turizm öğrencilerinin girişimci kişilik özelliklerine önemli ölçüde sahip olduklarını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, girişimci kişilik özellikleri bakımından lisans ve ön lisans öğrencileri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Aim of this study is to determine entrepreneurial personality traits of associate and bachelor’s degree tourism students. For this purpose, an empirical research was carried out on undergraduate 308 tourism students that studying at Sakarya University and Abant Dzzet Baysal University. Obtained data from the research was analyzed by statistical methods. Results of this research indicated that undergraduate tourism students dramatically have entrepreneurial personality traits. However, at the conclusion of the research it was determined that there was significant difference between associate and bachelor’s degree tourism students’ entrepreneurial personality traits

An immersive virtual reality learning environment with CFD simulations: Unveiling the Virtual Garage concept

Virtual reality has become a significant asset to diversify the existing toolkit supporting engineering education and training. The cognitive and behavioral advantages of virtual reality (VR) can help lecturers reduce entry barriers to concepts that students struggle with. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are imperative tools intensively utilized in the design and analysis of chemical engineering problems. Although CFD simulation tools can be directly applied in engineering education, they bring several challenges in the implementation and operation for both students and lecturers. In this study, we develop the “Virtual Garage” as a task-centered educational VR application with CFD simulations to tackle these challenges. The Virtual Garage is composed of a holistic immersive virtual reality experience to educate students with a real-life engineering problem solved by CFD simulation data. The prototype is tested by graduate students (n = 24) assessing usability, user experience, task load and simulator sickness via standardized questionnaires together with self-reported metrics and a semi-structured interview. Results show that the Virtual Garage is well-received by participants. We identify features that can further leverage the quality of the VR experience with CFD simulations. Implications are incorporated throughout the study to provide practical guidance for developers and practitioners

Behavioral intention, perception and user assessment in an immersive virtual reality environment with CFD simulations

This study explores technology acceptance, perception and user assessment of an immersive virtual reality environment with computational fluid dynamics simulations in engineering education. 57 participants from three different institutions tested the virtual reality application. Partial least squares structural equation modeling and interferential statistics were performed to predict and assess interrelations among constructs. Results show that the learning value, content value, intrinsic motivation and personal innovativeness are underlying factors behind students’ intention to use virtual reality. Pair-wise analysis indicates that users’ perceptions matter and positively affect their attitudes. In addition, the virtual reality application helps students perform significantly better in the post-knowledge test. Findings also highlight that prior experience and interest can affect students’ attitudes and behavioral intentions to accept the virtual reality application in education. Our study can guide lecturers and developers to achieve on-target immersive virtual reality learning environments in higher education

Rebaudioside A inhibits pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in rats

AbstractThe safety of patients with epilepsy consuming sweetening agents, which is becoming increasingly prevalent for various reasons, is a topic that should be emphasized as sensitively as it is for other diseases. Patients with epilepsy consume sweetening agents for different reasons such being diabetic or overweight. They can occasionally be exposed to sweetening agents unrestrainedly through consuming convenience food, primarily beverages. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rebaudioside A (Reb-A), which is a steviol glycoside produced from the herb Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni), on epileptic seizures and convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Forty-eight male rats were used. Twenty-four rats were administered 35 mg/kg PTZ to trigger epileptiform activity; the remaining 24 rats were administered 70 mg/kg PTZ to trigger the convulsion model. The epileptiform activity was evaluated by spike percentage, whereas convulsion was evaluated by Racine's Convulsion Scale and the onset time of the first myoclonic jerk. Statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in the Racine's Convulsion Scale score and increase in the latency of first myoclonic jerk in a dose-dependent manner for the rat groups in which PTZ epilepsy had been induced and Reb-A had been administered. For the groups that were administered Reb-A, the spike decrease was apparent in a dose-dependent manner, based on the spike percentage calculation. These results indicated that Reb-A has positive effects on PTZ-induced convulsions

Household Appliance Integrated Heat Pump Atmospheric Water Generator Design

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2016Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2016Temiz su kaynaklarının kısıtlı olması ve dünya nüfusundaki artışın hızlanması sebebiyle günümüzde çeşitli bölgelerde temiz suya ulaşım ile ilgili sıkıntılar yaşanmaktadır. Yapılan araştırma sonuçlarına göre gelecek 30 yıl içerisinde temiz suya ulaşım ile ilgili sıkıntıların artacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Bu sebeple temiz suya ulaşılabilecek alternatif kaynak arayışları günümüzün popüler konularındandır. Atmosferik su jeneratörleri (Atmospheric Water Generator) hava içerisindeki su buharının fiziksel yöntemler ile yoğuşturulduğu sistemlerdir. Yoğuşturulan su filtrelere işlemi sonrasın içme suyu veya kullanım suyu olarak tüketilebilen bir kaynağın oluşturulmasına olanak sağlamaktadır. Yoğuşma olayına birçok mühendislik probleminde rastlanmaktadır. İklimlendirme sistemlerinde ve endüstriyel kurutucularda ortam havasının şartlandırılması amacıyla kapalı veya açık çevrim uygulamaları görülmektedir. Bunların dışında, ortam havası içerisindeki su buharının içme veya kullanım amacıyla yoğuşturulduğu atmosferik su jeneratörleri mevcuttur. Sıvı veya katı kurutucular ile ısı pompalı sistemler hava içerisindeki su buharının yoğuşturulması işleminde yaygın olarak kullanılan teknolojilerdir. Yoğuşturma metodu ve sistem bileşenlerinin tasarımı performans üzerinde doğrudan etkilidir. Günümüzde ev tipi ürünlerde enerji verimliliğinin arttırılması ve su tüketiminin azaltılması en önemli konular arasında gösterilmektedir. Evlerde tüketilen suyun %20’si ev tipi ürünlerde çeşitli amaçlarda kullanılmaktadır ve geri dönüşümü yapılamamaktadır. Ev tipi ürünlerdeki su tüketiminin azaltıması sayesinde günümüzde var olan ve gelecekte artması beklenen temiz su sıkıntısının engellenmesinde kritik etkenlerden biridir. Bu sebeple yüksek lisans tez çalışmasında gerçekleştirilen deneysel ve sayısal çalışmalar sonucunda ev tipi ürünlere entegre ısı pompalı su jeneratörü tasarımı geliştirilmiştir. Böylece, ev tipi ürünlerdeki su tüketiminin azaltılması veya tamamen engellenmesi sağlanmıştır. Tez çalışması sekiz ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde öncelikle su kaynakları ve dünya nüfusu ile ilgili araştırma sonuçları belirtilmiştir. Su kaynakları ve nüfus artışı ile ilgili yapılan araştırmalara göre günümüzde çeşitli bölgelerde var olan ve ilerideki yıllarda dünya genelinde fiziksel etkenler, ekonomik sebepler ve teknolojik yetersizlikler sebebiyle artacağı ön görülen temiz su kaynaklarına ulaşılmasındaki sıkıntı ile ilgili incelemeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Devamında ise başlama nedenleri, çalışmaların bitiminde hedeflenen sonuçlar, çalışmalarda izlenilen yöntem ve problemin kısıtları genel hatlarıyla açıklanmıştır. İkinci bölümde, hava içerisindeki su buharının yoğuşturulabildiği sistemlerin incelenmesi gerçekleştirilmiş ve karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Ev tipi ürünlere entegre tasarlanacak sistem için çeşitli kıstaslar altında su buharının kullanım amacıyla yoğuşturulabileceği uygun metot ısı pompalı sistemler olarak belirlenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ısı pompalı atmosferik su jeneratörünün bileşenlerinin incelenmesi ve tasarım parametrelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla buharlaştırıcı tasarımının temel alındığı kapsamlı bir literatür araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde ısı pompalı atmosferik su jeneratörünün daha detaylı incelenmesi amacıyla piyasada bulunan bir ürün ile kıyaslama çalışması (benchmarking) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kıyaslama çalışması sayesinde sistemin çalışma bölgesi, bileşenlerin yapısı ve sistem üzerindeki etkin parametrelerin detaylı olarak incelenmesi sağlanmıştır. Kıyaslama ürünü üzerinde çeşitli deneysel çalışmalar gerçekleştirilerek sistem verimini hakkında incelemelerde bulunulmuştur. Kıyaslama ürünü ile yapılan deneysel çalışmalar Avrupa Birliği EN 61121 numaralı standarttaki çalışma koşulları, şebeke gerilimi 230 V, şebeke gerilim frekansı 50 Hz, ortam sıcaklığı 23oC ve ortam nemi %55 temel alınarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda belirtilen ortam şartlarında sistemin kararlı rejime ulaştığı çalışma bölgesinde 450 ml/h’lik bir su üretimi gerçekleşmektedir. Beşinci bölümde deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda elde edilen verilerin yapılacak diğer çalışmalar ile karşılaştırılabilmesi için verim tanımlamaları oluşturulmuştur. Tasarım çalışması öncesinde ön yaklaşım oluşturması amacıyla deneysel çalışmalarda kullanılan bileşenlerden yola çıkılarak sayısal bir çözüm ağı içerisinde kıyaslama ürünü modeli oluşturulmuştur. Buharlaştırıcının sayısal olarak modellenmesi amacıyla çözüm ağı içerisinde çeşitli korelasyonlar ve çözüm modelleri kullanılmıştır. Buharlaştırıcının sayısal çözümlenme çalışması CoilDesigner 4.0 ile yapılmıştır. Sayısal çözümleme çalışması ile deneysel çalışmalar arasında karşılaştırmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar, sayısal çözümleme modeli ve verim tanımlamalarından yola çıkılarak sistem veriminin belirlenmesi ve verim artışının sağlanabileceği yöntemlerin incelenmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylece, ev tipi ürünlere entegre ısı pompalı su jeneratörü tasarımı için tasarım ögelerinin irdelenmesi sağlanmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar ile sayısal çözüm modeli arasında yapılan karşılaştırmalar sonucunda YSO(yoğuşturulan su miktarının soğutma kapasitesine oranı) için %4,63 ve YAO(yoğuşturulan su miktarının toplam buharlaştırıcı alanına oranı) için %4,13’lük bir fark olduğu belirlenmiştir. Böylece, sayısal çözüm ağının tasarımda kullanılabilecek bir araç olduğu saptanmıştır. Altıncı bölümde tasarım kıstasları temel alınarak istenen miktarda su üretiminin sağlanabileceği buharlaştırıcı modelinin belirlenmesi amacıyla ön tasarımlar oluşturulmuştur. Sayısal çözümleme modeli sayesinde ön tasarımların detaylı olarak incelenmesi ve tasarım kıstaslarının sağlandığı tasarımın oluşturulması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tasarımın üretimi yapılmış ve deneysel olarak incelemeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, buharlaştırıcı tasarımından yola çıkılarak ısı pompasındaki diğer bileşenler irdelenmiştir. Deneysel ve sayısal tasarım çalışmaları arasında yapılan karşılaştırma sonucunda YSO için %11,8 ve YAO için %0,5’lik bir fark olduğu belirlenmiştir. Böylece, oluşturulan sayısal çözüm ağının tasarım çalışmalarında kullanılabilir bir araç olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yedinci bölümde sistemin çalışması için gerekli enerjinin yenilenebilir kaynaklardan sağlanması amacıyla çeşitli tasarım kıstasları altında güneş enerjisinde elektrik üretiminin yapılabileceği bir sistemin tasarımı ve kurulumu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu sayede, şebekeden bağımsız elektrik ve su üretebilen ev tipi ürünlere entegre atmosferik su jeneratörü tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sekizinci ve son bölümde sonuçlar ve değerlendirmeler yer almaktadır.Due to the lack of clean water resources and the acceleration of the increase in world population, problems related to access to clean water have been emerged in various regions. According to the results of survey, it estimated that difficulties related to access to clean water would increase within 30 years. Therefore, the quest for alternative sources of clean water is one of the popular topics today. Increasing the energy efficiency of household goods and the reduction of water consumption are one of the most important issues. 20% of the water is consumed in various purposes through household products and recycling of gray water cannot be ensured. Reduction of water consumption in household goods is one of the critical factors in the prevention of clean water shortages that is expected to increase in the future. Atmospheric water generators are the systems that enable the condensation of moisture in the air by the physical methods. Atmospheric water generator can provide a source for potable water after the filtering processes on condensate. Condensation phenomenon can be encounter in many engineering problems. In order to conditioning of the ambient air in air conditioning systems and industrial dryers, open or closed loop applications have used. Moreover, liquid desiccants, solid desiccants and heat pump systems are the common technologies that have been used to extraction of water from humid air for generating portable water. The efficiency of AWG is highly related with the method of condensation and designing of system components. Efficient use of energy and water becomes the focus of both academic and industrial researches. Manufacturers of different areas reunited for the aim of producing less energy and consuming less water. On the account of this, experimental and numerical studies have carried out in this graduate thesis in order to design of house appliance integrated heat pump atmospheric water generator. This thesis study is composed of experimental and numerical for designing of heat pump components. Experimental studies on the benchmark, arranging of numerical solution model with ε-NTU method based heat exchanger solver “CoilDesigner” and determination of practicality have carried out. Determining the applicability of the numerical model, models have created and the numerical analyses have carried out in order to identify the model that providing the design criteria. Based on the relevant numerical analysis, appropriate design has been determined, produced and investigated experimentally. According to researches that are related to water resources and population growth, it is determined that there are several problems associated with access to clean water in various region and due to the physical factors, economical reasons and technological deficiencies it is estimated that worldwide water scarcity will be occurred. One of the main goal of the thesis is providing a renewable potable water source that could be an innovation solution to incoming water shortage. In order to determine the appropriate method of water production, various condensation techniques have examined and comparisons have carried out. Experimental studies have performed based on comfort condition that is specified in standards as 20oC-25oC ambient temperature and 40%-60% relative humidity. As a results of the researches based on desiccant, heat pump and pressure system; household appliance integrated water generation technology has determined. Desiccants are regarded as structures for absorbing water vapor in the air and have been used in dehumidification process. The process of moisture extraction with the dry desiccants is specified as "Adsorption" (Silica Gel, Zeolite) and with the liquid desiccants is specified as "Absorption" (Glycerol, LiCl, LiBr, CaCl2). The moisture extraction rate of absorption process is higher than adsorption and temperature of regeneration is lower than absorption process. Considering the necessity of regenerating system, regeneration temperature and the condensation requirement of regenerated water vapor; requirement of the various components and a complex system design could occur. Dew point temperature of moist air can be increase by the pressurizing process and condensation occurs at ambient temperature without having a cold surface. Review of the literature and experimental studies with a pressure vessel have carried out and due to the need for a plurality of components, the difficulty of evacuation of condensed water under pressure and the high power requirement for pressurization, it is concluded that the method is not feasible to generating water. Heat pump integrated systems have used through various fields for the purpose of heating, cooling and air conditioning. Being provided components easily, high efficiency, to demonstrate high efficiency in the specified environmental conditions and to have the technologically advanced components, heat pump systems are shown in today's popular technologies. Based on various design criterions, extraction of moisture in humid air with the heat pump is determined as the method that provides potable water to household appliances. For the purpose of the examination of AWG components and determinations design parameters, a comprehensive literature research has executed based on evaporator design. Dimensional parameters of evaporator, the structure of the coating and pre-cooled methods are determined as effective parameters on the efficiency of system. Dimensional parameters of evaporator are specified that provides an effective condensation process. For example, according to the results of various numerical and experimental studies it was determined that the fin spacing should be around 1,5mm. The effects of the coating on evaporator performance were investigated and it is concluded that super hydrophilic coating (3o-20o contact angle) provides a higher performance on evaporator and condensation process. Nevertheless, the applicability of super hydrophilic coating due to the limited life of the coating materials is a controversial issue today. Through direct evaporative and indirect evaporative pre-cooling methods the performance of evaporator could increased, however the installation and appropriate design of additional components are important topics that should examined. Benchmarking has carried out for the purpose of detailed examination of heat pump atmospheric water generator, components, operating conditions of the system, effective parameters through system. In the experimental results, it was seen that the evaporation temperature and the amount of water produced vary depending on the ambient conditions. Ambient temperature, ambient relative humidity, mass flow rate of air, the evaporator temperature and the compressor capacity is determined as effective parameters of the system. Experimental studies have performed with the referred working conditions of European Union EN 61121 standard that are 230 V mains voltage, 50 Hz mains frequency, 23oC ambient temperature and 55% relative humidity. As the result of experimental studies, 450 mL of water per hour has generated at the steady state operating conditions. Furthermore, according to literature research and technical studies for environments with a relative humidity less than 30% no water generation occurs. The average annual relative humidity distribution throughout the world and in Turkey were examined and water generation could be achieved in areas where water shortage. It is experimentally determined that there is no water generation because of the occurred ice formation through evaporator where evaporation temperature of refrigerant is less than 0oC (18oC ambient temperature and 30% relative humidity). The cooling capacity, the amount of condensed water vapor, the total area of the evaporator and power of the system is determined to be effective parameters on the efficiency. Based on these parameters, four different efficiency definitions have generated that are specified as GSO (ratio of cooling capacity per latent heat quantity), YSO (ratio of the cooling capacity per condensed water vapor per unit time), YEO (the ratio o energy required per condensed water vapor per unit time) and YAO (the ratio of the total heat transfer area of evaporator per condensed water vapor per unit time). In order to providing an approach before designing by the components that have used in experimental studies, a numerical model has created with the CoilDesigner 4.0 heat exchanger solver had developed by University of Maryland. In order to create a numerical examination model of evaporator, various correlations have used for dry and wet surface conditions, heat transfer coefficients, pressure losses, fin efficiency and porosity. Through experimental studies, numerical solution model and identification of efficiency definitions, determination of the system efficiency and investigation of methods to increase in efficiency have realized. According to the results of numerical study carried out for pre-cooling system, increase in efficiency could provided with a mechanical structure that placed before the evaporator. Requirement of the various components to precool method, continuously controlling the pre-cooling process and increase in the total volume of product; the pre-cooling method is not appropriate for the household appliance integrated heat pump water generator. In order to prevent from retention and accelerate the evacuation of accumulated water over fins, implementation of a mechanical force to evaporator has foreseen. Based on this foreseen, impact and vibration effects on the evaporator have investigated. As a result of experimental studies, quantity of the condensed water increased 12,9% owing to vibration applications and 20,7% owing to impact application. Although the increase the amount of water generation, due to the number of required components and the cost of system it has determined that methods which comprise mechanical force are not suitable for household appliance integrated heat pump atmospheric water generator. According to experimental and numerical studies through inlet airside flow rate, it was determined that the effect of air flow rate on the efficiency decreases at the steady state operating conditions. Moreover, as a result of comparisons between the numerical solution model with experimental studies, percentage changes of YSO is 4,63% and YAO is 4,13%. In that case, it has concluded that numerical solution method of CoilDesigner could be used as a tool for generating designs. Based on the design criterions, pre-designs have created for determining the appropriate evaporator model to providing the desired amount of water productivity. Evaporator that designed for integrated heat pump has examined with numerical analysis and experimental methods. According to comparison between numerical and experimental methods, it is determined that percentage changes for the model of four rows of tube evaporator YSO is 11,8% and YAO is 0,5%. Consequently, numerical model has created for the evaporator that provides the design criteria and as a result of experimental studies, it has determined that the credibility of the numerical solution method is reliable. Comparing the results of experimental studies which carried out to benchmark and integrated heat pump, it has detected that efficiency of integrated heat pump increase 10,1% for YSO, 25,3% for YEO and 44,7% for YAO. Sustainability, water and energy issues are the main motivations for this thesis study. In order to prevent or reduce water consumption in household appliances, it is intended to design the system that produces sufficient amount of water from air and the energy that required for the production of water from renewable sources. As a result of negotiations with the various firms, installation work has carried out in Çayirova Campus of Arçelik A.Ş. Installed power of system is 1000W and the average energy storage capacity is around 4kWh.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Furfural hydrogenation to 2-methylfuran over efficient sol-gel copper-cobalt/zirconia catalyst

2-Methylfuran (MF) is a candidate to be a high-quality fuel additive. For the first time, efficient Co-Cu/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by the sol-gel method and herein used for MF synthesis from furfural. Although a 9.2% MF yield and no MF was obtained using Cu/ZrO2 and Co/ZrO2, respectively, a 77.5% MF yield was observed at 200 degrees C, under 1.5 MPa initial H-2 pressure for 4 hours using a Co-Cu/ZrO2 catalyst. The Co amount was changed in the catalyst structure and the effect of the Co amount on furfural hydrogenation was investigated. The most effective catalyst was the Co-Cu/ZrO2 catalyst, with 0.08 g/g (8 mass%) Cu and 0.118 g/g (11.8 mass%) Co. The activity tests of the catalysts were carried out for hydrogenation of furfural to MF by changing reaction parameters such as pressure, loading of catalyst, temperature, and time. A 94.1% MF yield was achieved in the presence of the Co-Cu/ZrO2 catalyst with 0.08 g/g (8 mass%) Cu and 0.118 g/g (11.8 mass%) Co at 200 degrees C for 6 hours under 1.5 MPa H-2 pressure. The catalyst also showed good reusability properties after the fifth use. The catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed reduction techniques

Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) Synthesis from Starch with Zeolite Based Catalysts

© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.In the study, it is aimed to use effective zeolite-based catalysts for the synthesis of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from starch in different solvent environments. Al, Zn, and heteropolyacid (HPW) loaded USY zeolites are prepared and characterized using XRD, BET method, Inductive Coupling Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Pyridine-DRIFTS, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The efficiency of the prepared catalysts is investigated in 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride (BMIMCI) ionic liquid, DMSO, and THF solvents at different temperatures and reaction times for HMF synthesis. 24.5% HMF yield using Zn-USY zeolite and 50.3% HMF yield using USY H-zeolite is obtained in BMIMCI ionic liquid at 130 °C for 3 h. HMF yield of 47% is obtained using Zn-USY zeolite catalyst at 160 °C in 4 h, at 170 °C in 2 h, and at 180 °C in 1 h in DMSO. In a two-phase reaction medium with THF and H2O, the HMF yield is 46.8% at 160 °C in 4 h, 52.2% at 170 °C in 30 min, and 38.1% at 180 °C in 2 h with Zn-USY zeolite catalyst. The reusability of the Zn-USY zeolite has been tested and the efficiency of catalyst does not decrease in reuse for five times