A systematic literature study on the effects of environmental enrichment on zebrafish (Danio rerio)

I dag holdes sebrafisk som brukes i forskning stort sett i kar uten miljøberikelser, på tross av at forskning viser at miljøberikelse kan ha en positiv effekt på dyrevelferden. Denne oppgaven tar for seg 39 studier som ser på hvilken effekt miljøberikelser har på sebrafisk på en rekke områder. Målet er å bidra til å finne standardløsninger for miljøberikelser hos sebrafisk som kan være med på å øke dyrevelferden til sebrafisk i laboratorier. Oppgaven tar for seg hvilken kunnskap som finnes på feltet fra før, effektene miljøberikelse kan ha, samt hva det bør forskes videre på. Videre forskning bør se på hvordan ulike berikelser påvirker sebrafisk, hvordan berikelser påvirker datainnsamling og konsistens i data, hvordan miljøberikelser påvirker replisering av forskning, samt hvilke berikelser som er mulig å standardisere med tanke på tilgjengelighet i verden og pris

Perioperative fatigue in patients with diffuse glioma

Purpose Few studies have assessed fatigue in relation to glioma surgery. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of pre- and postoperative high fatigue, perioperative changes, and factors associated with pre- and postoperative high fatigue in patients undergoing primary surgery for diffuse glioma. Methods A total of 112 adult patients were prospectively included. Patient-reported fatigue was assessed before and one month after surgery using the cancer-specific European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaire fatigue subscale. The scores were dichotomized as high fatigue (≥ 39) or low fatigue (< 39). A change in score of ≥ 10 was considered as a clinically significant change. Factors associated with pre- and postoperative high fatigue were explored in multivariable regression analyses. Results High fatigue was reported by 45% of the patients preoperatively and by 42% of the patients postoperatively. Female gender and low Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) were associated with preoperative high fatigue, while postoperative complications, low KPS and low-grade histopathology were associated with postoperative high fatigue. In total 35/92 (38%) patients reported a clinically significant improvement of fatigue scores after surgery, 36/92 (39%) patients reported a clinically significant worsening of fatigue scores after surgery, and 21/92 (23%) patients reported no clinically significant change in fatigue scores after surgery. Patients with low-grade gliomas more often reported low fatigue before surgery and high fatigue after surgery, while patients with high-grade gliomas more often reported high fatigue before surgery and low fatigue after surgery. Conclusions Our findings indicate that fatigue is a common symptom in patients with diffuse glioma, both pre- and postoperatively. Perioperative changes were frequently seen. This is important knowledge when informing patients before and after surgery

Pituitary adenoma and non-acute headache: is there an association, and does treatment help?

Objective Headache is a controversial indication for treatment of pituitary adenoma. We studied the possible relationship between pituitary adenomas and headache as well as the symptomatic effects of treatment. Methods Current and prior headache complaints were assessed in structured telephone interviews in 201 patients with pituitary adenoma. Clinical variables and headache history were retrieved from medical records. Headache prevalence among patients was compared with a regional population-based cohort. Results The presence of headache was higher in patients before the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma compared with the general population (P < 0.001). At follow-up, overall prevalence was lower (P < 0.001), but chronic headache was more prevalent (P = 0.001) than in the general population. With the exception of family history, no associations between headache and clinical or radiologic variables were identified. At follow-up evaluation, 77% of patients with headache reported improvement, 5% reported worsening, and 11% reported new headaches. Patients with nonfunctional adenoma who underwent surgical treatment reported improvement more often (85%) than patients who did not undergo surgery (58%) (P = 0.042). Conclusions In a cohort with both treated and untreated patients with pituitary adenoma, headache prevalence was low compared with the general population. We found no link between clinical or radiologic variables and headache. Although a higher proportion of patients who underwent surgical treatment reported symptomatic relief, most patients who did not undergo treatment also improved. We believe that the unpredictable dynamics of headache over time and the lack of predictive and modifiable tumor-related variables associated with headache or treatment of headache weaken headache as a sole indication for pituitary adenoma treatment.© 2016. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

Melkefôring av kalv: utredning basert på tilgjengelig litteratur og praktiske erfaringer

Det har vært gitt noe ulike anbefalinger i melkefôringsperioden til kalv fra forskjellige rådgivingsaktører. Spesielt har det vært gitt ulike anbefalinger for melkefôringa. Vi etablerte derfor en arbeidsgruppe med representanter fra Institutt for husdyrfag og akvakulturvitenskap/UMB, Høgskolen i Nord-Trøndelag, Tine og Nortura for å lage en utredning om temaet. Målet med utredningen var å danne et omforent grunnlag for rådgiving om kalvefôring. Innholdet i utredningen er basert på relevant litteratur og praktiske erfaringer innen kalveoppdrett.In order to achieve a base knowledge about feeding of calves we established a work group of experienced people representing The Institute of Animal sciences and aquaculture (UMB), Nord-Trøndelag University College, Tine and Nortura. This report is based on relevant literature and practical experiences from calf raising.Tilskudd fra “Virkemidler for regional FoU og innovasjon i Trøndelag

Melkefôring av kalv: utredning basert på tilgjengelig litteratur og praktiske erfaringer

Det har vært gitt noe ulike anbefalinger i melkefôringsperioden til kalv fra forskjellige rådgivingsaktører. Spesielt har det vært gitt ulike anbefalinger for melkefôringa. Vi etablerte derfor en arbeidsgruppe med representanter fra Institutt for husdyrfag og akvakulturvitenskap/UMB, Høgskolen i Nord-Trøndelag, Tine og Nortura for å lage en utredning om temaet. Målet med utredningen var å danne et omforent grunnlag for rådgiving om kalvefôring. Innholdet i utredningen er basert på relevant litteratur og praktiske erfaringer innen kalveoppdrett.In order to achieve a base knowledge about feeding of calves we established a work group of experienced people representing The Institute of Animal sciences and aquaculture (UMB), Nord-Trøndelag University College, Tine and Nortura. This report is based on relevant literature and practical experiences from calf raising.Tilskudd fra “Virkemidler for regional FoU og innovasjon i Trøndelag

Comprehensive lipid and metabolite profiling in healthy adults with low and high consumption of fatty fish: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Fish consumption is associated with reduced risk of CVD, which may be partly mediated by alterations in plasma lipids, such as HDL-cholesterol. However, comprehensive analyses of associations between fatty fish consumption and lipoprotein subclass profile are limited and show inconsistent results. Therefore, the aim of the present exploratory study was to investigate the association between fatty fish consumption and lipoprotein subclass particle concentrations and composition, with an emphasis on HDL. We performed a comprehensive plasma metabolite profiling in 517 healthy adults, using a targeted high-throughput NMR spectroscopy platform. The participants were divided into tertiles based on consumption of fatty fish, reported through a validated FFQ. We compared the concentration of metabolites between the participants in the lowest and highest tertiles of fatty fish consumption. We show that high consumers of fatty fish (&gt;223 g/week, median intake 294 g/week) had higher particle concentrations and content of total lipids, free cholesterol and phospholipids in large and extra-large HDL particles and higher content of total cholesterol, cholesteryl esters and TAG in large HDL particles than low consumers (&lt;107 g/week, median intake 58 g/week). Using fatty fish consumption as a continuous variable, we found that fatty fish consumption was associated with lower levels of the inflammation marker glycoprotein acetyls. In conclusion, high consumers of fatty fish seem to have a more favourable HDL-cholesterol-related lipoprotein profile and anti-inflammatory phenotype than low consumers of fatty fish. Thus, these data support the current Norwegian dietary recommendations for fish consumption regarding CVD risk

Pretreatment patient-reported cognitive function in patients with diffuse glioma

Abstract Purpose Cognitive function is frequently assessed with objective neuropsychological tests, but patient-reported cognitive function is less explored. We aimed to investigate the preoperative prevalence of patient-reported cognitive impairment in patients with diffuse glioma compared to a matched reference group and explore associated factors. Methods We included 237 patients with diffuse glioma and 474 age- and gender-matched controls from the general population. Patient-reported cognitive function was measured using the cognitive function subscale in the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 questionnaire. The transformed scale score (0–100) was dichotomized, with a score of ≤ 75 indicating clinically important patient-reported cognitive impairment. Factors associated with preoperative patient-reported cognitive impairment were explored in a multivariable regression analysis. Results Cognitive impairment was reported by 49.8% of the diffuse glioma patients and by 23.4% in the age- and gender-matched reference group ( p  &lt; 0.001). Patients with diffuse glioma had 3.2 times higher odds (95% CI 2.29, 4.58, p  &lt; 0.001) for patient-reported cognitive impairment compared to the matched reference group. In the multivariable analysis, large tumor volume, left tumor lateralization, and low Karnofsky Performance Status score were found to be independent predictors for preoperative patient-reported cognitive impairment. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that patient-reported cognitive impairment is a common symptom in patients with diffuse glioma pretreatment, especially in patients with large tumor volumes, left tumor lateralization, and low functional levels. Patient-reported cognitive function may provide important information about patients’ subjective cognitive health and disease status and may serve as a complement to or as a screening variable for subsequent objective testing