Perfect essential graphs

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, and let Z(R) be the set of zero-divisors of R. Let EG(R) be a simple undirect graph associated with R whose vertex set is the set of all nonzero zero-divisors of R and and two distinct vertices x, y in this graph are joined by an edge if and only if AnnR(xy) is an essential ideal. A perfect graph is a graph in which the chromatic number of every induced subgraph equals the size of the largest clique of that subgraph. In this paper, we characterize all rings whose EG(R) is perfect

Rheological, physicochemical, and microstructural properties of asphalt binder modified by fumed silica nanoparticles

Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is gaining increased attention in the asphalt paving industry as an eco-friendly and sustainable technology. WMA technologies are favorable in producing asphalt mixtures at temperatures 20–60 °C lower in comparison to conventional hot mix asphalt. This saves non-renewable fossil fuels, reduces energy consumption, and minimizes vapors and greenhouse gas emissions in the production, placement and conservation processes of asphalt mixtures. At the same time, this temperature reduction must not reduce the performance of asphalt pavements in-field. Low aging resistance, high moisture susceptibility, and low durability are generally seen as substantial drawbacks of WMA, which can lead to inferior pavement performance, and increased maintenance costs. This is partly due to the fact that low production temperature may increase the amount of water molecules trapped in the asphalt mixture. As a potential remedy, here we use fumed silica nanoparticles (FSN) have shown excellent potential in enhancing moisture and aging susceptibility of asphalt binders. In this study, asphalt binder modification by means of FSN was investigated, considering the effects of short-term and long-term aging on the rheological, thermal, and microstructural binder properties. This research paves the way for optimizing WMA by nanoparticles to present enhanced green asphalt technology

The prime ideals intersection graph of a ring

summary:Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity and $U(R)$ be the set of unit elements of $R$. In this paper, we introduce and investigate some properties of a new kind of graph on the ring $R$, namely, the prime ideals intersection graph of $R$, denoted by $G_{p}(R)$. The $G_{p}(R)$ is a graph with vertex set $R^*-U(R)$ and two distinct vertices $a$ and $b$ are adjacent if and only if there exists a prime ideal $\mathfrak{p}$ of $R$ such that $a,b\in \mathfrak{p}$. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on $R$ such that $G_{p}(R)$ is disconnected. We find the diameter and girth of $G_{p}(R)$. We also determine all rings whose prime ideals intersection graph is a star, path, or cycle. At the end of this paper, we study the planarity and outerplanarity of $G_{p}(R)$

Combining machine translation and text similarity metrics to identify paraphrases in Turkish

Aselsan;et al.;Huawei;IEEE Signal Processing Society;IEEE Turkey Section;Netas26th IEEE Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, SIU 2018 -- 2 May 2018 through 5 May 2018 -- 137780Paraphrase identification (PI) is to recognize whether given two sentences are restatements of each other or not. In our study we propose an approach that exploits machine translation and text similarity metrics as features for PI. Machine learning algorithms like Support Vector Machine (SVM) with three different kernels, C4.5 Decision tree and Multinomial Naïve Bayes (NB) are trained with these features. We evaluated our system on Parder, Turkish paraphrase corpus. The experimental results show that the proposed approach offers state-of-the-art results. © 2018 IEEE

Tamoxifen for the prevention of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions

Background: Postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion (PIAA) is a common complication following abdominal surgeries. Up to now, no practical method or device has been proven to be the gold standard in PIAA formation prevention. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of oral and intraperitoneal tamoxifen citrate on PIAA formation prevention. Methods: A total of 48 guinea pigs weighing 300�350 g were included in four groups (12 pigs in each group). Under general anesthesia, laparotomy was performed, and a part of small bowel was abraded using wet gauze so that serosal petechiae developed on the intestinal surface for induction of peritoneal adhesion. In group 1 (control), only this adhesion induction was performed with no treatment. In the second group, 2.5 mg/kg/day tamoxifen citrate was administered by orogastric gavage postoperatively. Group 3 underwent adhesion induction and then intraperitoneal administration of 2.5 mg/kg tamoxifen citrate diluted in 10 ml of aquapura. Group 4, underwent adhesion induction and intraperitoneal administration of 2.5 mg/kg tamoxifen citrate diluted in 10 ml aquapura and then 2.5 mg/kg/day tamoxifen citrate was administered by orogastric gavage postoperatively. Pigs underwent laparotomy on the eighth postoperative day, and grading of adhesions was performed according to the Adhesion Characteristic and Adhesion Tenacity scoring system. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 16. Results: The control group was significantly different from other groups (p < 0.008), which means usage of tamoxifen (oral or intraperitoneal or both) significantly reduced adhesion formation after laparotomy. Intraperitoneal tamoxifen (group 3) was more effective in prevention of adhesion formation than oral tamoxifen application (group 2; p = 0.006). Also, administration of both oral and intraperitoneal tamoxifen (group 4) reduced adhesions significantly (p = 0.002) in comparison with just oral one (group 2), but it made no difference (p = 0.625) with only intraperitoneal tamoxifen (group 3). Conclusions: This study indicated that tamoxifen significantly reduces PIAAs, and intraperitoneal application is more effective than oral administration. This study shows that preventive effects of intraperitoneal application of tamoxifen will not improve when oral tamoxifen is added postoperatively. More studies with focus on evaluation of probable side effects and also performing clinical trials for evaluating tamoxifen for preventing PIAAs are strongly suggested. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Wien