Focusing on Comorbidity A Novel Meta-Analytic Approach and Protocol to Disentangle the Specific Neuroanatomy of Co-occurring Mental Disorders

Background: In mental health, comorbidities are the norm rather than the exception. However, current meta-analytic methods for summarizing the neural correlates of mental disorders do not consider comorbidities, reducing them to a source of noise and bias rather than benefitting from their valuable information. Objectives: We describe and validate a novel neuroimaging meta-analytic approach that focuses on comorbidities. In addition, we present the protocol for a meta-analysis of all major mental disorders and their comorbidities. Methods: The novel approach consists of a modification of Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI) in which the linear models have no intercept. As in previous SDM meta-analyses, the dependent variable is the brain anatomical difference between patients and controls in a voxel. However, there is no primary disorder, and the independent variables are the percentages of patients with each disorder and each pair of potentially comorbid disorders. We use simulations to validate and provide an example of this novel approach, which correctly disentangled the abnormalities associated with each disorder and comorbidity. We then describe a protocol for conducting the new meta-analysis of all major mental disorders and their comorbidities. Specifically, we will include all voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies of mental disorders for which a meta-analysis has already been published, including at least 10 studies. We will use the novel approach to analyze all included studies in two separate single linear models, one for children/adolescents and one for adults. Discussion: The novel approach is a valid method to focus on comorbidities. The meta-analysis will yield a comprehensive atlas of the neuroanatomy of all major mental disorders and their comorbidities, which we hope might help develop potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools

Typo EINA 15 years

Aquest llibre commemora els 15 anys dels cursos de tipografia a Eina. Han estat 15 edicions de durades i continguts diferents però que sempre han considerat la lletra com la manera per entendre i construir la pàgina. Les primeres tres edicions no van tenir cap mena de tiulació per després passar a un postgrau i finalment a un màster de títol propi de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. A les pàgines següents, trobareu les dates, la llista de professors i la llista d’alumnes de cada curs i, a continuació, una tria de treballs destacats d’alguns alumnes que han cursat els estudis. En fer aquesta publicació, un cop acabada la tria, és quan ens hem adonat de la importància d’allò que ha deixat el curs i de com de diferents són els ambits relacionats amb la lletra.Este libro conmemora los 15 años de los cursos de tipografía en Eina. Han sido 15 ediciones de duraciones y contenidos diferentes pero que siempre han considerado la letra como la forma de entender y construir la página. Las primeras tres ediciones no tuvieron forma de titulación alguna, para después pasar a un posgrado y finalmente a un máster de título propio en la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Encontraréis en la siguientes páginas las fechas, la lista de profesores y la lista de alumnos de cada curso, y a continuación una selección de trabajos destacados de quienes pasaron por los cursos. Al hacer esta publicación, una vez terminada la selección, es cuando nos hemos dado cuenta de cómo de importante es lo que ha dejado el curso y de cómo de diferentes son los ámbitos relacionados con la letra.This book commemorates 15 years of typography courses at Eina. These courses have had different lengths and contents, but all have considered the letter as the key to understanding and building the page. For the first three years, there was no formal degree attached to the program, but Typography later became a postgraduate degree and finally an accredited Master´s degree from Autonomous University of Barcelona. In the following pages you’ll find the dates, professors and students of each year of the program, followed by a selection of outstanding projects. Putting this publication together was a reminder of just how important this course is, and of the many different ways there are of thinking about letters