Impact of microbial transformation metabolome of Asiaticoside on wound healing

Microbial transformation has been extensively used, to create new and useful metabolites. Microbial transformations can primarily be used in engineering and altering the effective constituents of the phytomedicine, increasing the natural products collection, and to draw the routes of drugs’ synthesis. Wound healing process normally starts with three subsequent actions that may be shared in period and area; these complicated stages include the inflammation phase, proliferation or tissue formation phase and remodeling phase. Asiaticoside was isolated from Centella asiatica and exposed to the microbial catalysis and then the metabolites were extracted. The effects of asiaticoside and its transformed products were investigated on human skin cells using human keratinocyte Hacat cell line as the in vitro model. In wound scratch assay on Hacat cells, asiaticoside and its microbial metabolome was shown to increase the migration rates of the cells. By tracking the area occupied by the cells and the number of cells attached, we could conclude that asiaticoside with its biocatalysed components increased the initial Hacat cell migration and adhesion. It was observed that the microbial metabolome demonstrated its effect with minimal concentration than its original compound. In cell proliferation assays, asiaticoside and the metabolome showed their efficacy in inducing the increase of cell behaviors. It can be assumed that the bioactivity on artificial skin, might suggest them to have pharmaceutical values in addition to the healing significance

Thymoquinone, an active ingredient of Black Seed (Nigela saliva) induces distinct apoptotic pathways in C33A and Siha Cervical Cancer Cell Lines)

Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main constituent of black seed (Nigella sativa, spp) essential oil, which shows promising in vitro and in vivo anti-neoplastic activities against different tumor cell lines. However, the apoptotic effects of TQ and how TQ induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells still remains to be clarified. Cervical cancers have been generally treated by combination of surgery and/or chemo-radiotherapy. However that is not applicable to a later stage of the cancer whereby only palliative treatment is available with many side effects. p53 gene is a specific gene that functions to suppress the growth of tumors. The gene is frequently lost or inactivated in cervical cancers. This research was aimed to explore the apoptotic mechanism of TQ in inducing apoptosis on two different human cervical cell lines; Siha and C33A cells. The cell lines harbor distinct non-functional p53 tumor suppressor gene. Although p53 is wild-type in Siha, the cells expressing E6 oncoprotein that diminishing the endogenous p53 function, whereas in C33A cells, the p53 is mutated. We found that TQ stimulates distinct apoptotic pathway in Siha and C33A cells. TQ markedly induced apoptosis as demonstrated by DNA fragmentation assay in both cell lines. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that TQ-induced apoptosis in Siha cells through p53-dependent pathway as shown by elevated level of p53-mediated apoptosis target genes as shown by Quantitative PCR analysis, whereas in C33A cells is mainly associated with the activation of Caspase-3. These results support further research in exploring the potential clinical usefulness of TQ for cervical cancers treatment

Cytotoxic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Garcinia xanthochymus Extracts on Cell Lines

Background: Garcinia xanthochymus extract has been reported to have several pharmacological properties. This study was conducted to evaluate cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of G. xanthochymus extracts on cell lines. Methods: The roots and stem barks of plant were extracted using maceration method with n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol, successively. Cytotoxic activity of the extracts was tested against MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma using MTT assay. Anti-inflammatory study was evaluated using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. The nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated cells was measured using Griess reagent. Results: The results of cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory study showed that dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of root and stem bark exhibited cytotoxic activity in dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, for anti-inflammatory study, all root extracts together with stem bark dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts reduce NO production in LPS-stimulated cells in dose dependent manner. Conclusions: This finding indicated that G. xanthochymus extracts might become interesting candidate for treatment of cancer and inflammation.&nbsp

Cytotoxic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Garcinia xanthochymus Extracts on Cell Lines

Background: Garcinia xanthochymus extract has been reported to have several pharmacological properties. This study was conducted to evaluate cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of G. xanthochymus extracts on cell lines. Methods: The roots and stem barks of plant were extracted using maceration method with n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol, successively. Cytotoxic activity of the extracts was tested against MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma using MTT assay. Anti-inflammatory study was evaluated using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. The nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated cells was measured using Griess reagent. Results: The results of cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory study showed that dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of root and stem bark exhibited cytotoxic activity in dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, for anti-inflammatory study, all root extracts together with stem bark dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts reduce NO production in LPS-stimulated cells in dose dependent manner. Conclusions : This finding indicated that G. xanthochymus extracts might become interesting candidate for treatment of cancer and inflammation