Tunneling induced electron transfer between separated protons

We study electron transfer between two separated nuclei using local control theory. By conditioning the algorithm in a symmetric system formed by two protons, one can favored slow transfer processes, where tunneling is the main mechanism, achieving transfer efficiencies close to unity assuming fixed nuclei. The solution can be parametrized using sequences of pump and dump pi pulses, where the pump pulse is used to excite the electron to a highly excited state where the time for tunneling to the target nuclei is on the order of femtoseconds. The time delay must be chosen to allow for full population transfer via tunneling, and the dump pulse is chosen to remove energy from the state to avoid tunneling back to the original proton. Finally, we study the effect of the nuclear kinetic energy on the transfer efficiency. Even in the absence of relative motion between the protons, the spreading of the nuclear wave function is enough to reduce the yield of electronic transfer to less than one half.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

Germanium: Current and Novel Recovery Processes

Germanium (Ge) is considered a critical element due to its many industrial applications; Ge is a metalloid used in solar cells, fiber optics, metallurgy, chemotherapy, and polymerization catalysis. The main sources of Ge are sulfides ores of Zn, Pb, and Cu, coal deposits, as well as by-products and residues from the processing of these ores and coals (e.g., smelting flue dust and coal fly ashes). Indeed, over 30% of global Ge consumed come from recycling processes. The recovery of Ge from sulfide ores is mostly based on hydrometallurgical processes followed by a number of mass transfer techniques to concentrate Ge (e.g., solvent extraction). However, environmental-friendly extraction methods of Ge from coal fly ashes and copper smelting flue dust have recently been proposed in order to reduce environmental impacts. In addition, novel processes based on absorption of Ge with ribbon grass have become an interesting option not only to produce Ge but also to boost soil decontamination and biogas production. This chapter presents a general description of Ge occurrence, associations, and chemistry as well as a review of the current and novel recovery processes of Ge. The main sources of Ge and its main industrial applications are also discussed

Abordaje de lesiones periapicales en el sector anterosuperior: A propósito de dos casos

RESUMEN La parte fundamental para realizar un buen tratamiento dental es realizar un correcto diagnóstico de las patologías bucodentales, tanto funcionales como estéticas del paciente. El primer paso y más importante es la realización de la historia clínica, a través de ella y con una buena exploración y pruebas complementarias conseguiremos hacer un diagnóstico preciso. En este trabajo de fin de grado hemos seleccionado a dos pacientes del servicio de prácticas odontológicas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, ambos presentan una lesión periapical en el sector antero-superior. Se realizará el plan de tratamiento dental multidisciplinario e integral, haciendo hincapié en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las lesiones periapicales. Los procedimientos dentales seleccionados serán siempre avalados por la literatura científica. Todo esto manteniendo una relación odontólogo-paciente cuidada al máximo, de manera constante, y vigilando todos los aspectos a nivel científico, técnico y social. Palabras clave: Odontología, Periodontitis Apical, Endodoncia, Tomografía computarizada de Haz Cónico, Regeneración Ósea ABSTRACT The fundamental part to perform a good dental treatment is to make a correct diagnosis of the oral and functional pathologies of the patient. The first and most important step is the realization of the clinical history, through it and with a good exploration and complementary tests we will be able to make an accurate diagnosis. In this end-of-degree project we have selected two patients from the dental practice service of the University of Zaragoza, both of whom present a periapical lesion in the anterior-superior sector. The multidisciplinary and integral dental treatment plan will be carried out, emphasizing the diagnosis and treatment of periapical lesions. The dental procedures selected will always be supported by the scientific literature. All this while maintaining a dentist-patient relationship with maximum care, constantly, and monitoring all aspects at the scientific, technical and social levels. Key words: Dentistry, Periapical Periodontitis, Endodontics, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Bone Regeneration<br /

Directionally solidified cobalt-doped MgO-MgAl2O4 eutectic composites for selective emitters

Cobalt-doped MgO-MgAl2O4 eutectic composites were explored for their use as selective emitters for thermophotovoltaic devices. Eutectic ceramic rods with different cobalt content were directionally solidified by using the laser floating zone technique at two processing rates to obtain microstructures with different domain sizes. Thermal emission between 1000 °C and 1500 °C and optical properties (reflectance and transmittance) at room temperature were measured in the Co-doped composites and the effect on microstructure and cobalt content was investigated. Thermal emission consisted of an intense broad band at about 1.67 µm matching with the bandgap of the InGaAs cell. The emission was ascribed to the de-excitation from the 4T1(F) multiplet to the 4A2(F) ground state of the thermally excited Co ions located in the tetrahedral sites of the MgAl2O4 phase. The selectivity of the thermal emission showed a decrease with the cobalt content due to the enhancement of other electronic transitions, which leads to keeping the cobalt content in these composites at low levels (&lt;0.15% at Co) for their use as selective emitters

Impact of maternal dietary supplementation in the prevention of neuropediatric diseases

Motivation: A balanced maternal diet during pregnancy is crucial for the proper development of the embryo. In this project, we will study the impact of maternal dietary supplementation in the prevention of the development of neonatal strokes and neural tube defects (NTDs) using two mouse models.1. Neonatal stroke is a pathology with a heterogeneous etiology, leading to important sequelae. Currently, hypothermia is the only clinical intervention used in full-term newborns with perinatal asphyxia. However, the influence of diet has recently begun to be considered relevant in reducing brain damage in possible future injuries. Thus, maternal diet supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids as a tool for neuroprotection has been proposed. In order to test this, we will start with the development of a neonatal mouse model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and characterize the type and severity of brain injury.2. Neurulation refers to the neural tube formation process. When neural tube fails to close completely, NTDs are originated, including craniorachischisis or spina bifida. While 70% of NTDs can be prevented with folic acid supplementation during pregnancy, the rest remains resistant. Loop-tail mouse is a folic acid resistant model of NTDs who carries a mutation for the Vangl2 gene (which is involved in the Wnt-PCP pathway). Previous studies have shown that inositol prevents NTDs in folate-resistant models. Preliminary studies of our group have suggested that maternal supplementation with D-chiro-inositol during embryonic days (E)8.5-E10.5 has a positive effect on the dorsal fusion of the neural folds and on the distribution of actin present in these. Therefore, we propose to extend the period of supplementation (E1.5-E11.5) to determine whether such effect is more pronounced.Methods: We used the Rice-Vannucci model of HI modified to postnatal day (P)8 CD1 mice. Pups were subjected to unilateral left carotid artery ligation and subsequently exposed to 9% O2 for 45’. Infarct size measurement was done 24h post HI, evaluation of brain damage was done 3 days post-HI and behavioural outcomes were assessed at P8, P9 and P12. To assess the impact of maternal dietary supplementation in the prevention of NTD we provided water supplemeted with D-chiro-inositol to pregnant mice Vangl2+/Lp from E1.5 to E11.5. Embryos were obtained and genotyped at E12.5 for later phenotype analysis. In addition, in situ hybridization studies and fluorescent phalloidin stainings were performe

Hematite vs. Clays: their potential as red pigments and their use in three sites at the Puna of Jujuy (Argentina)

El análisis de pinturas rojas en pictografías de tres sitios de la Puna jujeña puso de manifiesto el uso exclusivo de hematita en su realización. Este pigmento rojo fue utilizado en la región desde inicios de la ocupación humana y su reiterada presencia en representaciones pictóricas diacrónicas revela la especificidad de esa materia prima en Hornillos 2, Cueva Quispe y Tres Pozos. Los pigmentos rojizos recuperados de los niveles estratigráficos en dos de los sitios están constituidos por hematita y por arcillas rojas. El uso de uno u otro tipo de pigmento estaría relacionado con las propiedades intrínsecas de ambas especies minerales, por tal motivo, planteamos que fueron utilizadas con fines diferentes.Physical-chemical characterization of red paints from pictographs found at three sites in the Puna of Jujuy shows that hematite was the only pigment used in their execution. Hematite pigment was used in the region from the earliest human occupations and its recurring presence in diachronic rock paintings reveals the specificity of this material in Hornillos 2, Cueva Quispe and Tres Pozos. In addition to hematite, reddish pigments recovered from stratigraphic levels include clay pigments. As the use of one kind of pigment over another would be linked to its intrinsic properties, we propose that these different pigments were used for different purposes.Fil: Sola, Patricia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Yacobaccio, Hugo Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rosenbusch, Mariana Lidia. Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Centro Atomico Constituyentes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Maria Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Basicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Basicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Maier, Marta Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez, Cristina. Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Centro Atomico Constituyentes; ArgentinaFil: Cata, Maria Paz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Intervención fisioterápica en rigidez de hombro, muñeca y mano en paciente polifracturado

Introducción: La rigidez articular es una secuela frecuente tras una fractura, resultado de la formación de adherencias a causa de la inmovilización y el edema. Como consecuencia se produce una disminución del rango de movimiento que puede comprometer de forma importante la funcionalidad del miembro, más si hay afectación de varias articulaciones, puesto que se dificultan los movimientos compensatorios. El tratamiento puede ser largo y difícil y la recuperación no siempre es completa. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue restablecer/mejorar la funcionalidad del miembro superior cuando hay rigidez en varias articulaciones, para lo cual se incide principalmente en la recuperación del rango de movimiento pasivo. Método: se utilizó un diseño n=1 del tipo AB, realizando una valoración fisioterápica inicial y varias reevaluaciones a lo largo de 5 meses. El tratamiento consistió fundamentalmente en movilizaciones articulares según el concepto Kaltenborn. Resultados: los resultados mostraron ganancias escasas, en algunos casos incluso nulas, en el rango de movimiento pasivo, satisfactorias en la fuerza muscular y poco significativas en la función, puesto que siguió bastante comprometida. Conclusiones: la evidencia disponible sobre la eficacia de nuestro tratamiento para la rigidez articular es moderada. En nuestro caso, una intervención tardía podría explicar los resultados negativos. En cuanto a la fuerza muscular, relegar la intervención sobre ella a un segundo plano no ha tenido consecuencias negativas

Prehispanic rock art in a mining, ritual and caravan site of the Puna de Salta: The case of Cueva Inca Viejo in the macroregional context of the south-central Andes

Se analiza y discute el arte rupestre prehispánico de Cueva Inca Viejo, Puna de Salta, en el marco de las actividades mineras, rituales y caravaneras desarrolladas en este sitio desde tiempos preincaicos hasta la expansión inca. El arte rupestre constituye un registro material apropiado para comprender aspectos económicos e ideológico/simbólicos como los que se expresan en la evidencia de la cueva. A su vez, se examinan procesos de transmisión cultural compartidos en escala amplia vinculados con el tráfico caravanero, tal como lo refleja la recurrencia de motivos de camélidos alineados y atados. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se realiza una caracterización descriptiva y cuantitativa de las representaciones registradas, y se dan a conocer los primeros resultados EDX de dos pigmentos rojizos de capa y de una pintura negra relevada en uno de los paneles del sitio. Asimismo, se discuten los patrones de diseño y las temáticas distinguidas en Cueva Inca Viejo a partir de una comparación macrorregional con iconografías similares en distintos contextos de los Andes centro-sur. Finalmente, se evalúan las evidencias que permiten establecer una cronología relativa de las pinturas rupestres de la cueva. Estos análisis muestran cierta continuidad en la representación de figuras zoomorfas y antropomorfas en contextos prehispánicos. Sin embargo, se destaca que el arte rupestre de Cueva Inca Viejo presenta una intensa impronta incaica, de forma similar a lo observado a partir de otros indicadores arqueológicos. Esta particularidad se habría relacionado con la apropiación efectiva y simbólica de este sector de la Puna de Salta por parte del Imperio inca para la explotación minera del área.The pre-Hispanic rock art of Cueva Inca Viejo, Puna de Salta, is analyzed and discussed within the framework of mining, ritual and caravanning activities developed in this site from pre-Inca times to the Inca expansion. The rock art constitutes an appropriate material record to understand economic and ideological / symbolic aspects such as those expressed in the cave evidence. In turn, broad-scale shared cultural transmission processes linked to caravan traffic are examined, as reflected by the recurrence of aligned and tied camelid motifs. From the methodological point of view, a descriptive and quantitative characterization of the registered representations is carried out, and the first EDX results of two red pigments and one black paint of the site are reported. Likewise, the design patterns and themes distinguished in Cueva Inca Viejo are discussed from a macro-regional comparison with respect to similar iconographies in different contexts of the South-Central Andes. Finally, the evidence that allows establishing a relative chronology of the cave paintings is evaluated. Such analyzes show certain continuity in the representation of zoomorphic and anthropomorphic figures in pre-Hispanic contexts. However, it is highlighted that the rock art of Cueva Inca Viejo presents an intense Inca impact, in the same way as has been observed from other archaeological indicators. This particularity would have been related to the effective and symbolic appropriation of this sector of the Puna de Salta by the Inca Empire for the mining of the area.Fil: Lopez, Gabriel Eduardo Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; ArgentinaFil: Seguí, Silvina Tatiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; ArgentinaFil: Sola, Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; Argentin