Chromato-mass-spectometric determination of components of thick extracts from immature walnut fruit

Topicality. To date, one third of medicines are derived from medicinal plant raw materials and every year the medicinal plants continue to cause increasing interest among doctors. Phytopreparations are attracted by the fact that their use is accompanied by a minimum of side effects, they do not interact with other medicines, they help restore and normalize vital processes, provide the body with the necessary minerals and vitamins, maintain a certain level of metabolism and are successfully used in many chronic diseases. Aim. The purpose of the study was to study the composition of BAS in dense extracts from immature walnut fruit and clarify their role in the restoration and normalization of vital processes in the human body. Materials and methods. Dense aqueous extract and thick water-alcohol extracts with an extractant concentration of 30 % ethyl alcohol, 70 % and 96 % were obtained on the basis of the NPAU under the guidance of Professor V.A. Georgiyants, by means of complex processing of immature fruits of milk-wax ripeness of walnut. Determination of the content of BAS in the thick extracts studied was carried out by chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results. In the study of extracts by chromatography-mass spectrometry, 23 substances were found in the aqueous extract; in water-alcoholic with concentration of extractant - ethyl alcohol 30%, 70% and 96% - 16 34 and 39 compounds, respectively. Conclusions. By the method of chromatography-mass spectrometry in an aqueous extract of immature walnut fruit 23 substances were detected, in water-alcoholic (30, 70 and 96%) – 16 34 and 39, respectively. Among these compounds we paid attention to 1,4-naphthoquinone, 1-hydroxy-anthraquinone, lilac and lauric acids, diethyl oxalate, eugenol, squalene, juglone - substances with various pharmacological properties

Economic tools for realization of methane production project on Kuzbass coal deposits

Environmental issues and, above all, issues related to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, such as coal bed methane, actualize the challenge of searching a variety of options for its disposal. The difference in the macroeconomic, industrial, geological and infrastructural features determine the need to choose the most cost-effective option for using of methane emitted from the coal deposits. Various economic ways to improve the profitability of production are viewed on the basis of the analysis of methane production project from Kuzbass coal deposits, Kemerovo region, Russia

The 'Route from the Varangians to the Greeks': truth or fiction

The 'route from the Varangians to the Greeks' is widely known and often mentioned in research, popular science and educational literature. Much less often is it mentioned that the existence of the trade route is seriously doubted and needs additional evidence. The discussion about the actuality of a 'route from the Varangians to the Greeks' has intensified in the recent decade; it mostly involves historians who draw on chronicles, archive materials and literary sources. Although relevant geographical studies focus on small territories and have a limited scope, only they can give a definitive answer to the question of whether it was possible to sail the rivers of the East European Plain between the Baltic and Black Seas in the 8th-11th centuries AD. Of particular importance are studies on the watersheds marking the principal legs of the route. If the watersheds were traversable, the 'route from the Varangians to the Greeks' was navigable, and the impassability of watersheds would preclude navigation along the route. Methodologically, the study employs methods and approaches used in physiographical field studies, which have not been applied earlier to the watershed sections of the 'route from the Varangians to the Greeks'. The central result of the research is the reconstruction of the hydrological features and hydrographic situation of the watershed between the basins of the Neva (River Lovat) and the Western Dvina (River Usvyacha) during the existence of the 'route from the Varangians to the Greeks'. This reconstruction and the study of the watershed territories, the system of land communication routes and toponymic features of this territory conclusively demonstrate that the 'way from the Varangians to the Greeks', or the Baltic-Black Sea waterway, could actually exist

Clinical features of non-hospital pneumonia in elderly

Пневмонія – важлива медико-соціальна проблема. За останні 30 років смертність від пневмонії збільшилась до 9 %, серед літніх осіб від 61,5 до 64,5 %, що і обумовлює актуальність виконання цієї роботи

Isolation and characterization of a new CO-utilizing strain, Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus subsp. carboxydovorans, isolated from a geothermal spring in Turkey

A novel anaerobic, thermophilic, Gram-positive, spore-forming, and sugar-fermenting bacterium (strain TLO) was isolated from a geothermal spring in Ayaş, Turkey. The cells were straight to curved rods, 0.4–0.6 μm in diameter and 3.5–10 μm in length. Spores were terminal and round. The temperature range for growth was 40–80°C, with an optimum at 70°C. The pH optimum was between 6.3 and 6.8. Strain TLO has the capability to ferment a wide variety of mono-, di-, and polysaccharides and proteinaceous substrates, producing mainly lactate, next to acetate, ethanol, alanine, H2, and CO2. Remarkably, the bacterium was able to grow in an atmosphere of up to 25% of CO as sole electron donor. CO oxidation was coupled to H2 and CO2 formation. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 35.1 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the DNA–DNA hybridization data, this bacterium is most closely related to Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus and Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus (99% similarity for both). However, strain TLO differs from Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus in important aspects, such as CO-utilization and lipid composition. These differences led us to propose that strain TLO represents a subspecies of Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus, and we therefore name it Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus subsp. carboxydovorans

СОСТОЯНИЕ ИММУНИТЕТА У ПОТОМСТВА КРЫС, ПОДВЕРГАВШИХСЯ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЮ АНТИГЕНОВ TOXOPLASMA GONDII

Today the questions about possibility of development disturbances in the immune system of the fetus and the newborn in chronic toxoplasmosis are poorly understood. Aim of research: to detect immunological disturbances in the offspring of rats which have been administered antigens T. gondii.Two series of experiments was performed. In these experiments white female Wistar rats in the III trimester of pregnancy have been administered corpuscular antigen T. gondii. The 60 days-old offspring of these rats have been included in study group of 137 animals. CD3+ cells count was performed in peripherical blood and standard suspension of splenocytesrats offspring. Peripherical blood cells count was performed in the blood of the rats offspring. In the second experiment rats offspring have been administered sheep erythrocytes in 5 days, before euthanasia. In spleen of this rats antigen-produced cells was counted.In control group was included 118 animals, which was born from white female Wistar rats have been administered 0,9% NaCl solution. CD3+ cells was detected in Cytomics FC500 flow cytometry analyzer (Beckman Coulter,USA) by use rats origne-specifed monoclonal antibodies Anti-Rat CD3-FITC (Beckman Coulter,USA). Hematological parameters was assessed by use hematological analyzer Excell-22 (USA).We observed, that CD3+ lymphocytes and antigen-produced cells was decreased in test group (degress of decrease CD3+ cells was 17,2%; р = 0,003 in spleen vs. control group, degress of decrease antigen-produced cells was 27,3%; р = 0,03 vs. control group). Number of leukocytes was increased in in test group (34,5%; р = 0,009 vs. control group). Power and strength correlation pleiades between studied blood and spenal markers were higher in in test group vs. control group (∑Gi = 16; ∑Di = 4,38 vs. ∑Gi = 13; ∑Di = 2,28). This phenomenon is probably due to the development adaptive reactions disruption in the immune system and development secondary immunodeficiency states in the offspring of rats.Violations of immunoreactivity, as well as disruption the possibility of operational restructuring of the immune system and choosing the best immune response in the offspring of rats whose perinatal development take place under the effect of antigens T. gondii, persists for a long time – within 60 days of postnatal life.Вопрос о возможности развития нарушений в иммунной системе плода и новорожденного при хроническом токсоплазмозе недостаточно изучен. Цель исследования – выявить особенности изменений иммунитета у потомства крыс, перинатальное развитие которого происходило в условиях воздействия на материнский организм антигенов T. gondii. Проведено две серии экспериментов с внутрибрюшинным введением корпускулярного антигена T. gondii самкам белых крыс линии Wistar в III триместре беременности (потомство самок –исследуемая группа из 137 животных).  На 60-е сут крысят оценивали количество CD3+-клеток в крови и стандартной взвеси спленоцитов и показатели гемограммы, а также число антителообразующих клеток (АОК) к эритроцитам барана (ЭБ) в селезенке через 5 сут после введения ЭБ. В группу контроля были включены животные, родившиеся от самок, которым вводили физиологический раствор NaCl (118 животных). Оценку маркеров клеточной дифференцировки проводили на проточном цитометре Cytomics FC500 (Beckman Coulter, США) с использованием видоспецифических моноклональных антител Anti-Rat CD3-FITC (Beckman Coulter, США). На гематологическом анализаторе Excell-22 (США) оценивали параметры гемограммы. В исследуемой группе было обнаружено уменьшение количества CD3+-лимфоцитов в селезенке на 21,8% (р = 0,0004), АОК в селезенке на 27,3% (р = 0,03) и увеличение количества лейкоцитов в крови на 34,5% (р = 0,009) в сравнении с группой контроля. Было обнаружено, что суммарная мощность и крепость корреляционных плеяд, характеризующих взаимосвязь между изучаемыми показателями, в исследуемой группе крыс превышали таковые в контрольной группе (∑Gi = 16; ∑Di = 4,38 и ∑Gi = 13; ∑Di = 2,28 соответственно), что, вероятно, обусловлено развитием декомпенсации адаптационных реакций иммунной системы и вторичного иммунодефицитного состояния у потомства крыс. Нарушения иммунореактивности, а также возможности оперативной перестройки системы иммунитета и выбора оптимального иммунного ответа у потомства крыс, перинатальное развитие которого происходило в условиях воздействия антигенов T. gondii, сохраняется длительно – в течение 60 сут постнатального периода