Effect of the Nurse-Led Sexual Health Discharge Program on the Sexual Function of Older Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of Prostate: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Sexual dysfunction is a complication of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). There is a lack of knowledge of the effect of discharge programs aiming at improving sexual function in older patients undergoing TURP. Objective: To investigate the effect of the nurse-led sexual health discharge program on the sexual function of older patients undergoing TURP. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 older patients undergoing TURP in an urban area of Iran. Samples were selected using a convenience method and were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups (n = 40 in each group). The sexual health discharge program was conducted by a nurse in three sessions of 30-45 min for the intervention group. Sexual function scores were measured using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Questionnaire, one and three months after the intervention. Results: The intervention significantly improved erectile function (p = 0.044), sexual desire (p = 0.01), satisfaction with sexual intercourse (p = 0.03), overall satisfaction with sexual function (p = 0.01), and the general score of sexual function (p = 0.038), three months after the program. In the first month after the intervention, except in sexual desire (p = 0.028), no statistically significant effect of the program was reported (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The nurse-led sexual health discharge program led to the improvement of the sexual function of older patients undergoing TURP over time. This program can be incorporated into routine discharge programs for the promotion of well-being in older patients

Smoking among male medical sciences students in Semnan, Islamic Republic of Iran

publishedVersio

Low Back Pain from the Perspective of Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM)

In this chapter the attitudes and opinions of Traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) about “low back pain: (LBP)” are considered. According to TIM, several main mechanisms for this very common disorder are explained. The spine, being far from the body heat source (heart) that sets the spine in coldest position, is considered in terms of temperament. The most common type of low back pain is cold temperament, simple or material. However, movements in the joints would cause heating, but the range of motion of the spine is very limited, so that its temperament remains cold, and the most common type of low back pain is caused by a cold temperament. Pain is the most common symptom whichabates with walking, rubbing, and warming, and usually becomes worse with the cold

The Causes of Insufficient Breast Milk and Approach to it: Perspectives of Persian Medicine and Classical Medicine

زمینه و هدف: شیر مادر اولین غذای طبیعی شیرخوار تا شش ماهگی می‌باشد. شایع‌ترین عامل قطع آن، کمبود شیر است که علی‌رغم تلاش‌های صورت‌گرفته، اما همچنان در رأس موانع تغذیه انحصاری با شیر مادر می‌باشد. طب سنتی ایران برای شیردهی موفق و نیز پیشگیری و درمان مشکلات این دوران تدابیر ویژه‌ای ارائه نموده است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی علل کمبود شیر مادر و نحوه برخورد با آن در طب ایرانی و مقایسه آن با طب کلاسیک می‌باشد. مواد و روش‌ها‌: در این مطالعه مروری علل کمبود شیر مادر و نحوه درمان آن در منابع مرجع طب ایرانی در کنار مقالات مرتبط طب سنتی و طب نوین از بانک‌های اطلاعاتی پزشکی تحلیل و مقایسه گردیدند. یافته‌ها: تولید شیر فرآیندی عصبی ـ هورمونی است که تحت تأثیر شرایط جسمی و روانی متعددی قرار می‌گیرد. ارتباط تنگاتنگ پستان با رحم و مغز در هر دو مکتب طبی به اثبات رسیده است. علل کمبود شیر را می‌توان در ۲ دسته کلی عوامل مربوط به ماده مولد شیر (خون صالح) و عوامل مربوط به عضو تولیدکننده شیر (پستان) قرار داد. بنابراین درمان عمدتاً مبتنی بر ایجاد دم صالح از طریق تغذیه مناسب و سایر اصول حفظ‏الصحه، برطرف‌نمودن سوءمزاج موجود و استفاده از غذاها و داروهای شیرافزا می‌باشد. از دیدگاه طب کلاسیک مهم‌ترین علت کمبود شیر، عدم تخلیه کافی شیر از پستان‌ها که اغلب در اثر تکنیک‌های نادرست شیردهی است، می‌باشد، لذا در طب رایج آموزش شیردهی صحیح به مادر و تقویت ارتباط مادر و شیرخوار از اهمیت بیشتری در مواجهه با این مشکل برخوردار است. نتیجه‏گیری: با بهره‌گیری از تدابیر حفظ‌الصحه‌ خاص دوران شیردهی و دستورات درمانی مربوطه، در کنار آموزش تکنیک‌های صحیح شیردهی منطبق بر طب کلاسیک می‌توان گام‏های مؤثرتری در رفع مشکل کمبود شیر مادر برداشت.Background and Aim: Breast milk is the first natural food for infants up to 6 months. Insufficient Milk Supply (IMS) is the most common of its discontinuation, which despite efforts, is still at the top of the problems of exclusive breastfeeding. Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) proposed specific approaches for successful lactation, prevention and treatment of breastfeeding problems. This study focused on the causes and approaches to IMS based on ITM and compare it with Classical Medicine. Materials and Methods: In this review article the causes and treatments of IMS were searched from ITM references and were analyzed and compared along with studies from ITM and Classical Medicine which collected from medical databases. Findings: Lactation is a neuro-hormonal process that is affected by several psychological and physical factors. The close relationship between the breast, uterus and brain has been proven in both medical doctrines. Causes of IMS can be classified into two main categories: causes of milk-producing source (good blood) and milk-producing organ (breast). Therefor treatment is mainly based on the good blood production through proper nutrition and the other healthy lifestyle principles (Hifz-o-Sihhe), eliminating distemperament and using galactogogues foods and herbal medicines. From the Classical Medicine perspective, the most important cause of IMS is the lack of adequate milk removal often due to improper lactation techniques so the correction of breastfeeding skills and improvement of mother-infant relationship is notable in management of IMS. Conclusion: By using the ITM perspective along with teaching of breastfeeding skills based on Classical Medicine, more effective management of IMS will be approached.   Please cite this article as: Jahangir M, Emaratkar E, Nakhaie SH, Sadeghian M, Faghihzadeh S. The Causes of Insufficient Breast Milk and Approach to it: Perspectives of Persian Medicine and Classical Medicine. Med Hist J 2018; 10(34): 95-108

Comparison of the Effect Of 0.2% Chlorhexidine and Xylitol Plus 920 Ppm Fluoride Mouthwashes on Count of Salivary Streptococcus Mutants, a Pilot Study

Statement of the Problem: Dental caries is a common chronic disease. Mouthwashes and other preventive approaches play an important role in caries prevention. Finding the most efficient mouthwash in the market is always a concern for dentists and patients. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of chlorhexidine (Behsa, Iran) and xylitol plus 920 ppm fluoride (FX) (Fuchs, Germany) mouthwash on salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), which is the main microorganism responsible for dental caries. Materials and Method: This single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 30 dental students, divided into two groups. The salivary count of S. mutans was measured at the beginning of the study. Group 1 students used chlorhexidine mouthwash while group 2 used FX mouthwash for two weeks. Saliva samples were collected again and salivary count of S. mutans was determined. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon signed rank tests Results: Salivary count of S.mutans significantly decreased in the two groups after using the mouthwashes (p 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that both mouthwashes could decrease S. mutans count

Mixture of Arnebia euchroma and Matricaria chamomilla (Marhame-Mafasel) for pain relief of osteoarthritis of the knee -a two-treatment, two-period crossover trial

A b s t r a c t Introduction: Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent chronic non-infective joint arthritis. Because of its chronic disease nature, local drugs are preferred due to lower complications. In the present study, the new herbal pomade MarhameMafasel for knee osteoarthritis was used in a double-blind crossover trial. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Marhame-Mafasel pomade, which consists of several medical herbs including Arnebia euchroma and Matricaria chamomilla, in osteoarthritis of the knee. Material and methods: This study was a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover trial. Forty-two patients with pain associated with osteoarthritis of the knee (diagnosed by criteria of the European League against Rheumatism and physical examination) were drawn from patients attending the Clinic of Mostafa-Khomeini Hospital. In this study we assessed efficacy (analgesic effect and improved function) of herbal pomade Marhame-Mafasel, which was used locally in patients with primary osteoarthritis of the knee over three weeks. The instrument of the study was the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) LK3.1 standard questionnaires. Results: The participants in each group were 21 patients; 30 (71.4%) were women and 12 (28.6%) of them were men. The participants were between 40 and 76 years old. Six patients had mild arthritis, 15 had moderate arthritis and 21 had severe arthritis. The positive analgesic effect of the herbal pomade MarhameMafasel in primary knee osteoarthritis was proven. The herbal joint pomade Marhame-Mafasel had a significantly greater mean change in score compared to the placebo group for osteoarthritis severity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Herbal pomade Marhame-Mafasel in comparison to placebo has more effect on reduction of pain of primary knee osteoarthritis