Exploring lipophilic antioxidants accumulation in field-grown low temperature-stressed Ephedra monosperma

The seasonal patterns of changes in the content of lipophilic antioxidants $\beta$-carotene ($\beta$-Car), zeaxanthin (Zx), $\alpha$-tocopherol ($\alpha$-Toc), plastoquinone (PQ)/plastoquinol ($PQH_{2}$) were studied in the assimilating shoots of evergreen shrub Ephedra monosperma J.G. Gmel ex C.A. Mey under natural conditions of Central Yakutia. The shortening of the photoperiod and the seasonal decrease in temperature induced a 1.4-fold increase in $\alpha$-Toc content. The fall in the average daily temperature from 0.1 to $-8.1^{\circ}C$ in October led to a decrease in the content of $\beta$-Car as a result of the accumulation of rhodoxanthin (Rhd). In this period a sharp increase in the content of Zx retained overnight was also detected. In winter, elevated content of Zx and $\alpha$-Toc persisted. During September, the content of PQH2 increased by 2.5 times and PQ by 1.4 times (compared to July). The beginning of exposure to freezing average daily temperatures from -3 to $-5^{\circ}C$ led to the depletion of the total PQ pool by 18%. However, the content of $PQ_{tot}$ in the winter months was 1.5 times higher than at the end of July. The results revealed different timing and temperature ranges of variation for individual antioxidants during the development of frost resistance in ephedra

Maps for developing information competency of sportsman students in conditions of digital transformation

The progress to "cloud-based learning" and transition to "personalized learning" occur within digital transformation of education. Within this context, the authors analyse regulatory documents and recommendations outlined by the professional, teaching, and psychological communities and making the research relevant. The research question put up in the paper is: how to plot maps for developing the information competency of students in conditions of digital transformation. Theoretical substantiation is presented for the following phenomena under study: digital transformation, mapping, individual educational path, the information competency of students. It is pointed out that mapping is the process of creating maps for reducing the unpredictability effect and solving the problem of choice, a way of visualization of the future, and a strategy of one's self-development. It is highlighted that the individual educational route is the authors' approach to self-fulfilment in the real and virtual world. They describe the approach to understanding the student information competency as the key meta-subject educational one. This competency consists of the cognitive, motivational, and activity-based components which are provided with details by students via "understanding", generating their own meanings, and enriching their subject experience. In the paper, the stages of pedagogical support and fulfilment of maps for developing the said competency are described, too: the ascertaining one, transforming, and analytical ones. The pedagogical experience of mapping is summed up which is associated with the students' plotting and fulfilling various types of maps outlined by the authors: subject maps, meta-subject (mental) maps, portfolio maps as the digital footprint, start-up maps. The total of various maps represents the databases and analytical methods of their research. For studying the former, the authors used the expert appraisal method and applied some psychological techniques. The principal research results can be summarized by the statement: in the period of digital transformation and the pandemic, maps have to be plotted for settling emotions in conditions of lockdown and uncertainty, for supporting the relevant student initiatives, and for shaping their profound unmistakable "digital footprint", which characterizes the students' high information competency development level

The assessment of blue lupine varieties according to productivity and adaptability in the conditions of Kirov region

The article provides the results of the comparative study of grain productivity of 7 blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) varieties bred by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Lupine in the conditions of Kirov region on sod-podzolic light loamy soil. It has been established that the yield of the seeds of blue lupine varied 1.5-2 times over the years of cultivation (2000-2022) depending on the weather conditions. Over 3 years on the average the varieties Bryansky kormovoy and Siderat were the most productive, 46-287 and 281 g/m2, respectively. Even in extremely unfavorable for blue lupine 2022 (by environment condition index of 62) these varieties significantly exceeded the control (Vitayz – 135.8 g/m2) in yield, by 72.9 and 61.1 %. The coefficient of adaptability of the varieties Siderat 46, Smena, Uzkolistny 53, Bryansky kormovoy was over 100 %. The productivity structure elements of blue lupine, namely: the number of beans per plant, the number of grains per bean and mass of 1000 seeds depended on hydrothermal conditions of the growing period. Under favorable conditions the number of beans per plant and the size of seeds increased. The number of grains per bean was the most stable indicator. The average duration of the growing period of lupine varieties was 84-91 days. In hot and dry weather of 2022 the ripening began 5-7 days earlier than long-time average annual periods. The varieties with highly developed side branching had a longer growing period – Bryansky kormovoy, Uzkolistny 53 and. Vitayz. During the year favorable by hydrothermal conditions the raw protein content in lupine seeds was 30.8-36.5 %. In unfavorable years it decreased by 20-45 % depending on the variety

Influence of tuberculosis infection on the mental status of the patient

The article deals the characteristic features of the suicidal behavior of young people, which can be identified using the content analysis of their pages on social networks. The analysis of suicide notes left by users of VKontakte on their pages is made, the prerequisites for a completed suicide are identifiedВ статье рассмотрены характерные черты суицидального поведения молодых людей, которые можно выявить при помощи контент- анализа их страниц в социальных сетях. Проведен анализ предсмертных записок суицидентов, оставленных пользователями ВКонтакте на своих страницах, выявлены предпосылки завершенного суицида

СОСТОЯНИЕ ФУНКЦИИ ВНЕШНЕГО ДЫХАНИЯ И ДЫХАТЕЛЬНОЙ МУСКУЛАТУРЫ У ДЕТЕЙ С ОЖИРЕНИЕМ

Background. It is known that obesity may influence the state of respiratory function and it is associated with a number of diseases of the respiratory system. Obesity in itself, even in the absence of other known causes, can cause a feeling of shortness of breath at rest. At the same time, the cardinal symptom of respiratory muscle weakness is shortness of breath, which promotes the reduction of exercise tolerance. At the moment the problem state of respiratory function and respiratory muscles in children with different degrees of obesity is relevant and understudied. Aim. Investigation of lung function and respiratory muscle strength in obese in children. Methods. 46 children with obesity were examined, with a prevalence of obesity of mixed origin with progressive, aged 7 to 16 years. We evaluated the lung function and strength of respiratory muscles in the form of maximum inspiratory pressure at the mouth (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure at the mouth (MEP) and nasal inspiratory pressure in the sniff-test (SNIP). Results. The children with obesity complained of dyspnea. The respiratory muscle dysfunction observed in the form of reduction of its forces. Reduced respiratory muscle strength ( 80% of the norm) was in 44% of patients on the MIP and 38% on the MEP and was increased with increasing body mass index. Conclusion. Children with obesity need to monitor the lung function and evaluate the strength of the respiratory muscles for early detection of functional disorders of the respiratory system. Обоснование. Доказаны факты разностороннего воздействия ожирения на состояние функции внешнего дыхания и взаимосвязь с рядом заболеваний дыхательной системы. Ожирение само по себе, даже при отсутствии других известных причин, может вызывать ощущение одышки в состоянии покоя. В то же время одышка является и кардинальным симптомом респираторной мышечной слабости , снижая толерантность к физическим нагрузкам. В современной медицине состояние функции внешнего дыхания и дыхательной мускулатуры у детей с различной степенью ожирения ― проблема актуальная и недостаточно изученная. Цель исследования: оценить состояние вентиляционной функции и силы дыхательной мускулатуры у детей с ожирением. Методы. Обследовано 46 детей в возрасте от 7 до 16 лет с ожирением. Оценивали спирограмму и силу респираторной мускулатуры в виде максимального инспираторного давления на уровне ротовой полости (MIP), максимального экспираторного давления на уровне ротовой полости (MЕP) и назального инспираторного давления в тесте на дыхание (sniff-тест, SNIP). Результаты. У детей с ожирением при наличии жалоб на одышку отмечалась дисфункция дыхательной мускулатуры. Снижение силы дыхательной мускулатуры (≤ 80% от норматива) наблюдалось у 44% обследованных по показателю MIP и 38% ― по MEP. Повышенный индекс массы тела свидетельствовал об увеличении силы дыхательной мускулатуры. Выводы. Мониторинг состояния функции внешнего дыхания и оценка силы дыхательной мускулатуры способствуют раннему выявлению нарушений функции дыхательной системы у детей с ожирением.

Lipid Peroxidation in the Pre-Reactive Period of Cold Injury

Pathological processes in the pre-reactive period of cold injury have not been studied.The purpose of this study is to assess the morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in the body of patients in the pre-reactive period of cold injury.Material and methods. We examined patients with cold injury in the pre-reactive period. Determined: diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, the total content of low molecular weight antioxidants, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase,glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, using a SPECORD 40 spectrophotometer. The serum biochemical parameters in the serum were determined by biochemical automator analysis. Statistical processing of the data was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 19.Results and discussion. Features of the biochemical profile of blood in the pre-reactive period of cold injury in the human body are an increase in concentration of glucose and triacylglycerides in blood, an increase in transaminase activity, as aresult of inflammatory and destructive processes, a decrease in the cholesterol concentration in the blood of patients. At the same time, the pre-reactive period of cold injury is characterized by an increase in monocytes compared with the control, which, in combination with hypoxia, leads to an intensification of lipid peroxidation processes. In addition, the antioxidant protection in the pre-reactive period in the body of patients increased slightly.Conclusion. According to the results of our research, already at the stage of the pre-reactive period of cold injury there is a significant intensification of free radical lipid oxidation processes

Skewed X-inactivation is common in the general female population

X-inactivation is a well-established dosage compensation mechanism ensuring that X-chromosomal genes are expressed at comparable levels in males and females. Skewed X-inactivation is often explained by negative selection of one of the alleles. We demonstrate that imbalanced expression of the paternal and maternal X-chromosomes is common in the general population and that the random nature of the X-inactivation mechanism can be sufficient to explain the imbalance. To this end, we analyzed blood-derived RNA and whole-genome sequencing data from 79 female children and their parents from the Genome of the Netherlands project. We calculated the median ratio of the paternal over total counts at all X-chromosomal heterozygous single-nucleotide variants with coverage ≥10. We identified two individuals where the same X-chromosome was inactivated in all cells. Imbalanced expression of the two X-chromosomes (ratios ≤0.35 or ≥0.65) was observed in nearly 50% of the population. The empirically observed skewing is explained by a theoretical model where X-inactivation takes place in an embryonic stage in which eight cells give rise to the hematopoietic compartment. Genes escaping X-inactivation are expressed from both alleles and therefore demonstrate less skewing than inactivated genes. Using this characteristic, we identified three novel escapee genes (SSR4, REPS2, and SEPT6), but did not find support for many previously reported escapee genes in blood. Our collective data suggest that skewed X-inactivation is common in the general population. This may contribute to manifestation of symptoms in carriers of recessive X-linked disorders. We recommend that X-inactivation results should not be used lightly in the interpretation of X-linked variants