Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

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Applying the Tropical Peatland Combustion Algorithm to Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Instrument (MSI) Imagery

This study establishes a new technique for peatland fire detection in tropical environments using Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2. The Tropical Peatland Combustion Algorithm (ToPeCAl) without longwave thermal infrared (TIR) (henceforth known as ToPeCAl-2) was tested on Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data and then applied to Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Instrument (MSI) data. The research is aimed at establishing peatland fire information at higher spatial resolution and more frequent observation than from Landsat-8 data over Indonesia’s peatlands. ToPeCAl-2 applied to Sentinel-2 was assessed by comparing fires detected from the original ToPeCAl applied to Landsat-8 OLI/Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) verified through comparison with ground truth data. An adjustment of ToPeCAl-2 was applied to minimise false positive errors by implementing pre-process masking for water and permanent bright objects and filtering ToPeCAl-2’s resultant detected fires by implementing contextual testing and cloud masking. Both ToPeCAl-2 with contextual test and ToPeCAl with cloud mask applied to Sentinel-2 provided high detection of unambiguous fire pixels (>95%) at 20 m spatial resolution. Smouldering pixels were less likely to be detected by ToPeCAl-2. The detected smouldering pixels from ToPeCAl-2 applied to Sentinel-2 with contextual testing and with cloud masking were only 35% and 56% correct, respectively; this needs further investigation and validation. These results demonstrate that even in the absence of TIR data, an adjusted ToPeCAl algorithm (ToPeCAl-2) can be applied to detect peatland fires at 20 m resolution with high accuracy especially for flaming. Overall, the implementation of ToPeCAl applied to cost-free and available Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 data enables regular peatland fire monitoring in tropical environments at higher spatial resolution than other satellite-derived fire products

USULAN PERANCANGAN METODE PEMINDAHAN MATERIAL PADA PROSES LOADING SAYURAN BUNCIS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN BIOMEKANIKA (STUDI KASUS DI PT ABO FARM)

Manual material handling memiliki cedera berisiko tinggi seperti low back pain. PT ABO FARM adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang agrikultur, khususnya dalam ekspor biji sayuran. Salah satu proses ekspornya ialah proses pengangkutan biji dari gudang ke stasiun kerja kolektor di PT ABO FARM. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa menghilangkan material dalam proses loading seperti mengambil, membawa, dan menempatkan karung biji ke dalam truk pick-up pada koleksi stasiun kerja dilakukan secara manual dan kurang ergonomis. Material dipindahkan dalam karung biji dengan berat rata-rata 55 kg. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk merancang metode manual material handling dalam proses loading agar lebih ergonomis. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan biomekanika dan lifting equation yang direkomendasikan oleh NIOSH dalam perancangan fasilitas. Metodeperancangan manual material handling dilakukan dengan membuat perbaikan untuk posisi pegangan pada wadah yang diusulkan dan melakukan pengujian beberapa alternatif metode manual material handling dengan parameter yang dihasilkan oleh gaya tekan L5/S1. Hasil dari pengujian beberapa alternatif metode dari hasil manual material handling lebih ergonomis. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan oleh penurunan gaya tekan L5/S1 terhadap setiap kegiatan dalam proses loading dan mengakibatkan penurunan sebesar 97.7% dari 276,2 N menjadi 12168 N. Dalam proses membawa, gaya tekan berkurang sebesar 85.7% dari 9213 N menjadi 1320.8 N. Dan untuk proses menempatkan, gaya tekan berkurang sebesar 78.7% dari 7109 N menjadi 1541.6 N

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