Penaruh Pengetahuan Tentang Rokok, Teman Sebaya, Keluarga, Harga Rokok, Uang Saku, Akses dan Sikap Terhadap Perilaku Merokok pada Mahasiswa di Surakarta

Passive smokers inhale 75% of ambient smoke and 50% of exhaled smoke. A cigarette contains 4.000 poisonous chemical agents, at least 69 of which are carcinogenic. Therefore ambient tobacco smoke is detrimental to health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of knowledge, peer group, family, cigarette price, stipend, access to cigarette, and attitude, on smoking behavior. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with cross sectional design. This study was conducted at School of Health Polytechnics, Surakarta, Central Java. A total of 105 male students was selected for this study. The dependent variable smoking status. The independent variables knowledge, peer group, family, cigarette price, stipend, access to cigarette, and attitude. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire, and were analyze by logistic regression model. Results: Smoking peer group (OR= 3.21; 95% CI=1.18- 8.72; p= 0.022), stipend (OR= 3.66; 95% CI= 1.28-10.49; p= 0.016), access to cigarette (OR= 3.02; 95% CI= 1.04-8.73; p= 0.042) increased the likelihood of smoking. Knowledge about tobacco smoking (OR= 0.35; 95% CI=0.13-0.95; p = 0.039) and non-smoking family (OR= 0.16; 95% CI=0.03-0.70; p= 0.015) decreased the likelihood of smoking. Price of cigarette (OR= 0.86; 95% CI= 0.23-3.19; p= 0.819) and attitude (OR= 0.88; 95% CI= 0.33-2.36; p= 0.795) did not show statistically significant effect on smoking. Conclusion: Smoking peer group, stipend, access to cigarette increase the probability of smoking. Knowledge about tobacco smoking and non-smoking family decrease the probability of smoking. Keywords: knowledge, peer group, family, cigarette price, stipend, access to cigarette, attitude, smoking behavior Correspondence: R. Asto Soesyasmoro School of Health Polytechnics, Surakarta Email: [email protected]

Effect of Knowledge, Peer Group, Family, Cigarette Price, Stipend, Access to Cigarette, and Attitude, on Smoking Behavior

Background: Passive smokers inhale 75% of ambient smoke and 50% of exhaled smoke. A cigarette contains 4.000 poisonous chemical agents, at least 69 of which are carcinogenic. Therefore ambient tobacco smoke is detrimental to health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of knowledge, peer group, family, cigarette price, stipend, access to cigarette, and attitude, on smoking behavior.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with cross sectional design. This study was conducted at School of Health Polytechnics, Surakarta, Central Java. A total of 105 male students was selected for this study. The dependent variable smoking status. The independent variables knowledge, peer group, family, cigarette price, stipend, access to cigarette, and attitude. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire, and were analyze by logistic regression model. Results: High smoking peer group (OR= 3.21; 95% CI=1.18- 8.72; p= 0.022), high stipend (OR= 3.66; 95% CI= 1.28-10.49; p= 0.016), convenient access to cigarette (OR= 3.02; 95% CI= 1.04 to 8.73; p= 0.042) increased the likelihood of smoking.  High knowledge about tobacco smoking (OR= 0.35; 95% CI=0.13-0.95; p = 0.039) and non-smoking family (OR= 0.16; 95% CI=0.03 to 0.70; p= 0.015) decreased the likelihood of smoking. High price of cigarette (OR= 0.86; 95% CI= 0.23 to 3.19; p= 0.819) and possitive attitude (OR= 0.88; 95% CI= 0.33 to 2.36; p= 0.795) did not show statistically significant effect on smoking.Conclusion: Smoking peer group, stipend, access to cigarette  increase the probability of smoking.  Knowledge about tobacco smoking and non-smoking family decrease the probability of smoking.Keywords:  knowledge, peer group, family, cigarette price, stipend, access to cigarette, attitude, smoking behaviorCorrespondence: R. Asto Soesyasmoro.School of Health Polytechnics, Surakarta. Email: [email protected] of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016), 1(3): 201-210https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.03.0

Estimasi Proporsi Kesalahan Fonologi Pada Anak Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) Usia 3-5 Tahun Di Surakarta

Background: In providing education about everything a child should have from an early age does not have to do with the way parents are educating. It is related to her parents in everyday life and the background factors that color children's parents, whether related to the environment of her family, religion, culture, economics or the background of the education of the elderly. From the explanation it is obvious that parents play a very important role in the formation of child social behavior.The purpose of this research aims to determine the relationship of parental education level with the ability of phonology articulation in children aged 4-5 years in TK Sri Juwita Hanum Surakarta. Methods: Uses quantitative research with a correlational descriptive design. The research population is parents and students of TK Sri Juwita Hanum Surakarta with 30 samples of research samples. Data collection techniques by filling out questionnaires. Variable-free research i.e. the level of parental education and bound variables is the ability of phonological articulation in children aged (4-5 years). The statistical test used was Chi Square correlation test. Result:  there is a positive and significant relationship between the level of parental education and the ability of phonology articulation in children aged 4-5 years in TK Sri Juwita Hanum Surakarta. Things his show with a p value of 0.013.Conclusion: of parental education affects the development of articulation in preschool age children (4-5 years old). A positive relationship means the higher the parent's education, the greater the influence on its phonological articulation ability. When children grow and develop both physically and mentally