Influence of age and renal disease on aminoglycoside dosage

New guidelines for the administration of amikacin are presented for neonates, children and adults, with normal or impaired, stable or changing renal function. The dose is calculated according to the lean body mass, which can be estimated from weight, height and sex of the patient. The dosing interval is calculated from the predicted drug half-life, which is derived from creatinine clearance normalized to 50 kg lean body mass (LBM). A formula is presented to estimate directly the Ccr in ml/min per 50 kg LBM, based only upon serum creatinine concentrations and the age of the subject. Two electronic pocket calculators which contain the dosage guidelines of amikacin are also described. Les auteurs présentent de nouvelles recommandations pour la détermination de la posologie de l'amikacine chez les nouveau-nés, les enfants et les adultes dans le cas de fonction rénale normale ou altérée, de fuçon stable ou variable. La dose eat calculée selon la masse corporelle ‘dégraisséc' qui eat évaluée en fonction du poids, de la taille et du sexe du malade. L'intervalle entre les doses est calculé à partir de la demi-vie estimée selon la valeur de la clairance de la créatinine rapportée à 50 kg de masse corporelle ‘dégraissée'. Une formule eat donnée, qui permet de calculer directement la clairance de la créatinine en ml/min/50 kg de masse corporelle dégraissée basée uniquement sur la créatininémie et l'âgc du sujet. Deux calculateurs de poche programmées pour le calcul de la posologie de l'amikacine sont décrite

Intracluster Ion Molecule Reactions Following the Generation of Mg+ Within Polar Clusters

In this work we investigated the intracluster ion molecule reactions following the generation of Mg+ within the polar clusters (water, methanol, ether and acetonitrile), using time of flight mass spectrometry. In the case of Mg+/water and Mg+/methanol, dehydrogenation reactions are observed after the addition of five molecules. However, no dehydrogenation reactions are observed in the case of Mg+/ether or Mg+/acetonitrile clusters. This confirms the role of the H atom in (O–H) in the dehydrogenation reaction, and rules out any contribution from the H atom in the CH3 group. In addition, the magic numbers in the time of flight (TOF) mass spectra of the Mg+Xn clusters (X = H2O, CH3OH, CH3OCH3 and CH3CN) have been investigated. Finally, the role of ground electronic magnesium ion Mg+(2S1/2), and excited electronic magnesium ion Mg+(2P1/2) in the dehydrogenation reaction were investigated using Ion Mobility Mass spectrometry. The results offer direct evidence confirming the absence of the electronically excited, Mg+(2P1/2)

Association between overweight, obesity and self-perceived job insecurity in German employees

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recent studies have shown an association between job insecurity and morbidity as well as mortality, however until now, knowledge about a potential association between job insecurity and overweight or obesity has been lacking.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In order to identify a possible association between job insecurity and overweight or obesity, we analysed data from the German Socioeconomic Panel (GSOEP) 2004/2005, a longitudinal study of private households in Germany. In this representative cohort of the German adult population, living and working conditions were observed. Data on Body Mass Index (BMI) and self-perceived probability of job loss within the next 2 years were available for 10,747 adults either employed or attending training programs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified 5,216 (49%) individuals as being overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m²) and 1,358(13%) individuals as being obese (BMI > 30 kg/m²). A total of 5,941 (55%) participants reported having concerns regarding job insecurity. In the multivariate analysis - after adjustment for relevant confounders - a statistically significant association between obesity and job insecurity (100% probability for losing the job in the following two years) could be observed with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.55 (95% confidence interval: 1.09-5.96).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Because of these results, we were able to conclude that overweight and obese persons perceive job insecurity more often than their normal weight counterparts in Germany and that the concurrence of obesity and job insecurity might lead employees into a vicious cycle. Further research with an emphasis on the occupational setting might be necessary in order to establish useful preventive programmes at the workplace.</p