Behaviour of compacted silt used to construct flood embankment

This paper investigates the unsaturated mechanical behaviour of a fill material sampled from flood embankments located along the Bengawan Solo River in Indonesia. In order to gain a better understanding of this fill material, in situ tests were carried out alongside an extensive laboratory programme. Two different phenomena related to changes in moisture content of the embankment fill material are experimentally studied herein: (a) volumetric collapse and (b) variation in shear strength with suction. At low densities, similar to those found in situ, the material exhibited significant volumetric collapse behaviour. Triaxial tests carried out under saturated, suction-controlled and constant water content conditions indicate that the shear strength of the material increased with suction; in particular the effective angle of friction increased from 24.9 degrees under saturated conditions to 35.8 degrees under air-dried conditions

BEHAVIOR OF NATURAL AND TREATED SOIL WITH MICROORGANISMS UPON VARIOUS WATER CONTENT DUE TO DYNAMIC LOAD

Liquefaction is a phenomenon where the saturated sandy soil experiences highly excess pore water pressure and loss of effective stress between soil particles simultaneously due to an earthquake. It will have an impact on building damage or failure which laid on sandy soil. Study location was selected at the New International Airport in Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta which was built on loose sandy soil and coincidentally categorized as highly earthquake zone. Based on this, an experiment model was carried out to analyze the behavior of sandy soil when stabilized with Aspergillus fungus as the microorganisms. The loads derived from dynamic loads (earthquake loads) and it will also analyze the changes of soil parameters after the soil stabilization. In a previous study using a fungus with the type of Rhizopus oligosporus, it resulted in a significant increase in soil consistency under certain conditions of water content. From the experiment, it is known that the appropriate percentage of soil mixture consists of ordinary sand with a percentage of 62% plus silt and clay with a percentage of 38%. Aspergillus fungus isolates at a concentration of 10-2 showed good tissue growth and without the presence of foreign substances

Waste Management Analysis At Tps 3R Mandiri Sejahtera Singosari Malang

TPS 3R Mandiri Sejahtera using reduce, reuse, and recycle principles are established by government to solve the problems of wastes in the area of the district of Singosari, Malang. According to the monitoring and evaluation processes conducted by the Directorate General of Human Settlements, Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing in 2013, it shown that there were several things at the waste management at TPS 3R had been not in accordance with the Guidelines of waste management of Directorate General of Human Settlement. This research aimed to analysis waste management at TPS 3R Mandiri Sejahtera in order to optimize the waste management. This research using descriptive Analysis. The research result showed that the function of existing waste management condition was poor, with score is 167. The result indicated that by optimizing the service up to 3% in every year until 2021, the management of TPS 3R needed to add one tricycle, eight workers for separating waste and one worker for transporting waste and to enlarge the area up to 146 m2 from 578 m2 of current area. The potential optimization processes can be conducted by increasing the coverage of services by 44.81%, the amount of waste which could be transported is 22,30 m3/day

The Partnership Benefits in Low-cost Apartment Implementation Program in Surabaya Metropolitan Area

The low-cost apartment implementation program is one of the reliable solutions to reduce housing needs in East Java Province. Eventhough there were many problems facing the low cost apartmen program implementation, private sector is still highly expected to contribute in this program. The objective of this research is to identify public private partnership benefits from stakeholder perception. The benefit variables to better understand the low-cost apartment implementation which obtained from literature review studies were then validated by 32 purposive sampling respondents from both government and private sectors. These variables were then identified and analyzed using statistical analysis. The results show that the benefit factors from both government and private sector perception are better risk allocation and accelarate infrastructure developmen

Perbedaan Bahan Dasar dan Cara Pengeringan terhadap Kualitas Yogurt Kering

Artikel dalam bentuk PD

Studi Pengaruh Pembebanan Statis Dan Dinamis Terhadap Pondasi Dangkal Dengan Perkuatan Tiang Buis Dari Komposisi Optimal Beton Yang Menggunakan Material Limbah Di Kabupaten Gresik (Pemodelan Di Laboratorium)

Tanah merupakan bagian penting dalam suatu konstruksi yang mempunyai fungsi menyangga konstruksi di atasnya. Salah satunya adalah tanah alluvial yang ada di Kabupaten Gresik. Tanah alluvial merupakan tanah lempung yang memiliki nilai kembang susut yang cukup tinggi, sehingga belum tentu tanah tersebut baik digunakan untuk pendukung kekuatan struktur. Tidak mengherankan apabila sering terjadi naik turunnya tanah pada pondasi bangunan rumah sederhana tiga lantai yang diakibatkan penurunan tanah. Dalam perkembangan konstruksi saat ini, kebutuhan material konstruksi semakin meningkat sehingga menghasilkan inovasi-inovasi baru teknologi konstruksi. Adanya berbagai material baru yang diambil dari limbah-limbah industri yang bisa digunakan sebagai pengganti beberapa material yang lain. Beberapa limbah industri yang masih bisa dimanfaatkan adalah flyash, batu putih, dan copper slag, yang ada di Kabupaten Gresik. Penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan di laboratorium dengan menggunakan tanah yang dikondisikan seperti tanah di daerah Gresik, yaitu tanah yang dibuat dari campuran pasir 66,34% bentonit 33,66% dengan nilai LL 62,43%. Pemodelan pondasi yaitu model segitiga dan persegi (L/B = 2) dengan/tanpa perkuatan tiang buis beton dengan beban arah vertikal sebesar 10 kg, 20kg, 30kg, 40kg. Pondasi dengan komposisi campuran 50%:50% memiliki penurunan yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan komposisi campuran 80% flyash:20% semen. Luas telapak pondasi yang lebih kecil (persegi L/B= 2) memiliki penurunan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan luas telapak besar (segitiga). Pondasi tanpa perkuatan memiliki penurunan terbesar dari pada pondasi dengan perkuatan dan penurunan pondasi pada percepatan gempa 0,2g lebih besar dari pada 0,15g dan semakin besar volume berat tanah (γt), geser tanah (C), derajat kejenuhan (Sr), dan porositas (n) penurunan besar sedangkan semakin kecil angka pori (e) penurunan besar

Assessment of Infrastructures Assets Induced by Water Level Fluctuation along the Bengawan Solo River

The stability of infrastructure along river channel, such as bridges and embankments, is paramount to continuing service and public safety, and therefore, is essential consideration in the design, construction and maintenance. During the design process, infrastructure stability is often assumed to be static, and considered by implementing a safety factor which is produced by an analysis of extreme condition. However, this has failed to consider the variability of natural factors and importantly, the escalating threat of extreme environmental condition, induced by global climate change. This assumption should, therefore, be revisited for developing a more resilient design and maintenance regime. To demonstrate the changing infrastructure stability, an assessment of safety factor of river embankment and bridge foundation as nearby infrastructures along Bengawan Solo River’s channel and estuary is presented. This was undertaken to determine the impact of water level fluctuation during two extreme conditions during dry and rainy seasons in several critical locations. The river characteristics (i.e. morphology, water fluctuations, velocity, and sub-soil characteristics), embankment conditions and bridge pile foundation were investigated in-situ to assess the change of safety factor. The laboratory investigation focused on river and embankment characteristics including the analysis of the drying-wetting conditions. In-situ and laboratory investigations found an extreme condition which the infrastructures are subjected into, where the water level and flow velocity were 3 m and 0.04 - 0.27 m/s during dry season; and 10 m and 0.46 - 0.84 m/s during rainy season. Furthermore, from the analysis, it can be concluded that certain areas in the river do not meet the minimum requirements for bridge foundation and embankment stability

Experimental behaviour of a compacted silt used in a flood defence embankment in Indonesia

A flood embankment in East Java, Indonesia with a recurrent history of geotechnical failure is the focus of this research. The site was visited in May 2006 and this paper describes the study site and presents the relevant in-situ data. Laboratory characterisation of the sampled material was carried out and presented herein are the soil properties, particle size distribution curve and x-ray diffraction results. Soil water retention curves were determined through the use of three different methods: filter paper, tensiometer and pressure plate allowing a comparison of these methods. Four series of oedometer tests were carried out under: (i) dry-of-optimum, (ii) wet-of-optimum, (iii) prepared wet and then dried and (iv) close to optimum initial conditions. Where collapse was observed, the collapse potential for the specimen was evaluated and severity of collapse determined. These preliminary results show the importance of good compaction control at the site and help to explain some failures observed at the site

The Distress Thermometer and Its Validity: A First Psychometric Study in Indonesian Women with Breast Cancer.

Purpose: This study aims to translate the Distress Thermometer (DT) into Indonesian, test its validity in Indonesian women with breast cancer and determine norm scores of the Indonesian DT for clinically relevant distress. Methods: First, the original version of the DT was translated using a forward and backward translation procedure according to the guidelines. Next, a group of 120 breast cancer patients who were treated at the Outpatient Surgical Oncology Clinic in Hasan Sadikin Hospital in Indonesia completed a standard socio-demographic form, the DT and the Problem List, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). Results: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses identified an area under the curve = 0.81 when compared to the HADS cutoff score of 15. A cutoff score of 5 on the DT had the best sensitivity (0.81) and specificity (0.64). Patients who scored above this cutoff reported more problems in the practical, family, emotional, spiritual/religious and physical domains (30 out of 36 problems, p-value<0.05) than patients below the cutoff score. Patients at advanced stages of cancer experienced more emotional and physical problems. Patient's distress level was negatively correlated with overall quality of life, general health and all quality of life domains. Conclusions: The DT was found to be a valid tool for screening distress in Indonesian breas