Tampa Garam: Konsep Pendidikan Kristen Kontekstual di Maluku

Abstract. This article offers a medium for Christian Education that was born from the traditions and customs that exist in the life of Christian families in Maluku. The Christian Education Media is the tradition tampa garam, which is a tradition of conversation at the food table in the culture of the Maluku people. This tradition has been adopted by Christian families in Maluku as a medium for conveying Christian values to children. Through a qualitative approach and literature study, it could be concluded that the tampa garam tradition contains values that are in harmony with Christian teachings such as love, peace, harmony, and reconciliation.Abstrak. Artikel ini menawarkan salah satu media Pendidikan Kristen yang lahir dari tradisi-tradisi dan kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang ada dalam kehidupan keluarga Kristen di Maluku. Media Pendidikan Kristen yang dimaksud adalah tradisi tampa garam, yang merupakan tradisi percakapan di meja makan dalam kebudayaan masyarakat Maluku. Tradisi ini telah diadopsi oleh keluarga-keluarga Kristen di Maluku sebagai media penyampaian nilai-nilai Kekristenan kepada anak-anak. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif dan studi kepustakaan dapat disimpulkan bahwa tradisi tampa garam mengandung nilai-nilai yang selaras dengan ajaran-ajaran Kristiani seperti kasih, kedamaian, keharmonisan, dan rekonsiliasi

Discovery of new strategy for AF

Atrial fibrillation（AF） is one of the most common arrhythmia. Various tools such as portable electrocardiogram（ECG） and implantable cardiac monitor have been available for diagnosis of AF. In addition, the treatment for AF has progressed remarkably in accompany with the development of anticoagulant therapy and catheter ablation. However, it remains unknown about the pathophysiology of AF such as inflammation. In this regard, there is still room for the further progress in diagnostic and therapeutic methods for AF. We reported previously that local production of pentraxin（PTX） 3 in the left atrium might reflect the local inflammation of AF. In addition, we also reported that local production of microRNA（miR）-328 in the left atrium might be involved in the process of atrial remodeling in patients with AF. Based on these results, it is suggested that plasma concentrations of PTX3 or miR-328 might be used as a new biomarker for AF. For the development of preventive strategies, the ability to identify risk markers for new-onset AF is critical. We have shown that a new combined score including age, premature atrial contraction count, maximum RR interval, and left atrial diameter could help characterize the risk of new-onset AF. Activated factor X（FXa）, which contributes to chronic inflammation via protease-activated receptor 2（PAR-2）, might play an important role in AF arrhythmogenesis. We have recently shown that angiotensin II-treated PAR-2 deficient mice had a lower incidence of AF and less atrial fibrosis compared to wild-type mice treated with angiotensin II. We also have shown that rivaroxaban, but not warfarin, reduced AF inducibility and collagen volume fraction in the atrium. These findings suggested the possibility of Xa inhibitors as therapeutic agents for the onset and progression of AF through the new mechanism. I would like to continue working on the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods for arrhythmia including AF

UPAYA MEMPERLANCAR PROSES BONGKAR MUAT PUPUK UREA CURAH DIATAS KAPAL MV. FEDERAL KIBUNE

ABSTRACT Adi Jendri Soeki, NIT. 50134767. N, 2018, “Effort of overcome the delay loading and unloading process of bulk fertilizer on MV. Federal Kibune”, Diploma IV program, Nautical, Merchant marine polytechnic of Semarang, lecture I: Capt. Marihot Simanjuntak, M.M., and lecture II: Vega Vonsula Andromeda, S.ST, S.Pd, The development of sea transportation is now advancing so rapidly, especially in terms of port. If talking about the port, then talking about ship. In addition to being used as a means of sea transportation, the vessel is also used in the process of loading and unloading at the port. In the implementation of constraints in the process of loading and unloading is still exist. The obstacle that occur in process unloading, among others, the occurrence of damage to the unloading equipment and clumping on the load carried the bulk fertilizer. Then through these obstacles, the author takes the title “Effort of overcome the delay unloading process of bulk fertilizer on MV. Federal Kibune”. In the theoretical foundation contains some theory which is like the definition of loading and unloading which is an activity of load or unload with using crane/conveyor or the other equipment. In accordance with scientific principles, in the writing of this essay, the author uses the method of research that is SWOT method ((Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats) with using data collection techniques, i.e. by observation, interview and literature study on the MV. Federal Kibune during the implementation sea project. Form the results of research during the implementation of sea project on vessel, the authors found an obstacle which result in delay in the process of loading and unloading of bulk fertilizer. The damage to unloading equipment is due to lack of regular maintenance and company delay in spending spare part. For clumping on the load caused by contaminated loads with water and poorly maintained fertilizer quality. The conclusion of the research is that the process of unloading the cargo on MV. Federal Kibune is not always running smoothly. The delay constraints caused by the damage to unloading equipment and clumping on the load. For that by doing regular maintenance and compacting the existing load, then the process of unloading is expected run smoothly. Key word : delay time, tool breakdow

Ipragliflozin Attenuates Endothelial Dysfunction

Background: Endothelial dysfunction caused by increased oxidative stress is a critical initiator of macro- and micro-vascular disease development in diabetic patients. Ipragliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, offers a novel approach for the treatment of diabetes by enhancing urinary glucose excretion. The aim of this study was to examine whether ipragliflozin attenuates endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice. Methods: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were treated with streptozotocin (150 mg/kg) by a single intraperitoneal injection to induce diabetes mellitus. At 3 days of injection, ipragliflozin (3 mg/kg/day) was administered via gavage for 3 weeks. Vascular function was assessed by isometric tension recording. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used for in vitro experiments. RNA and protein expression were examined by quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) and western blot, respectively. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring urine 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level. Results: Ipragliflozin administration significantly reduced blood glucose level (P < 0.001) and attenuated the impairment of endothelial function in diabetic mice, as determined by acetylcholine-dependent vasodilation (P < 0.001). Ipragliflozin did not alter metabolic parameters, such as body weight and food intake. Ipragliflozin administration ameliorated impaired phosphorylation of Akt and eNOSSer1177 in the abdominal aorta and reduced reactive oxygen species generation as determined by urinary excretion of 8-OHdG in diabetic mice. Furthermore, qPCR analyses demonstrated that ipragliflozin decreased the expression of inflammatory molecules [e.g., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1] in the abdominal aorta (P < 0.05). In in vitro studies, incubation with methylglyoxal, one of the advanced glycation end products, significantly impaired phosphorylation of Akt and eNOSSer1177 (P < 0.01) and increased the expression of MCP-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in HUVEC. Conclusion: Ipragliflozin improved hyperglycemia and prevented the development of endothelial dysfunction under a hyperglycemic state, at least partially by attenuation of oxidative stress

THE EFFECT OF MONOPOLY GAME AND TEACHER CREATIVITY ON CIVICS LEARNING ON EMPATHY ATTITUDES OF CLASS VD STUDENTS OF SD INPRES OESAPA KUPANG CITY

This study aims to determine the effect of monopoly game media and teacher creativity on Civics learning on the empathy attitude of grade VD students of SD Inpres Oesapa, Kupang City. The subjects of this study were students of class VD SD Inpres Oesapa Kupang City, totaling 20 people. Sampling used was purposive sampling technique. Data collection tools used in this study were monopoly game media, teacher creativity and student empathy. These three variables use a Likert Scale consisting of 1 to 5 alternative answer choices, using a quantitative approach, while the analytical technique is statistical analysis with the data analysis method used is product moment correlation analysis. The results of the hypothesis test show that there is an effect based on the results of data analysis, a partial test for the Monopoly Game Media variable (X1) obtained a t-count value of 3.755 with a significance value of 0.002 0.05, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, so that H1 (hypothesis 1 ) which reads "there is an influence of Monopoly Game Media on the Empathy Attitude of VD Grade Students of SD Inpres Oesapa, Kupang City is accepted". Based on the results of the partial test for the variable Teacher Creativity (X2), the t-count value is 2.317 with a significance value of 0.033 0.05, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, so H2 (hypothesis 2) which reads "there is an influence on Teacher Creativity in Subjects Civics on Empathy Attitudes of Class VD Elementary School Inpres Oesapa Kupang City is accepted”. Based on the results of the F test, the calculated F is 8.565 and the significance value is 0.003 0.05, it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, so H3 (hypothesis 3) which reads "there is an influence of Monopoly Game Media and Teacher Creativity on Empathy Attitudes of Class Students The VD of SD Inpres Oesapa, Kupang city is accepted”. Based on the results of data analysis, the coefficient of determination adjusted R Square of 0.443 was obtained which was used to see the magnitude of the influence of Monopoly Game Media (X1) and Teacher Creativity (X2) on Students' Empathy Attitudes (Y). The magnitude of the coefficient of determination of 0.443 is equal to 44.3%. This figure shows that simultaneously Monopoly Game Media and Teacher Creativity contribute to the Empathy Attitude of Students by 44.3%, while the remaining 55.7% (100% - 44.3%) is influenced by other variables not proposed in this study. like other learning media, namely the game of snakes and ladders and other non-physical games. Also the basic ability to teach teachers, self-development, and an aggressive attitude, never give up

Azilsartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, restores endothelial function by reducing vascular inflammation and by increasing the phosphorylation ratio Ser1177/Thr497 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in diabetic mice

BACKGROUND: Azilsartan, an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB), has a higher affinity for and slower dissociation from AT1 receptors and shows stronger inverse agonism compared to other ARBs. Possible benefits of azilsartan in diabetic vascular dysfunction have not been established. METHODS: We measured vascular reactivity of aortic rings in male KKAy diabetic mice treated with vehicle, 0.005% azilsartan, or 0.005% candesartan cilexetil for 3 weeks. Expression of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress was measured using semiquantitative RT-PCR in the vascular wall, perivascular fat, and skeletal muscle. Phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) at Ser(1177) and Thr(495) was measured using Western blotting, and the ratio of phosphorylation at Ser(1177) to phosphorylation at Thr(495) was used as a putative indicator of vascular eNOS activity. RESULTS: (1) Vascular endothelium–dependent relaxation with acetylcholine in KKAy mice was improved by azilsartan treatment compared to candesartan cilexetil; (2) the ratio of Ser(1177)/Thr(495) phosphorylation of eNOS was impaired in KKAy and was effectively restored by azilsartan; (3) anomalies in the expression levels of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), F4/80, NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox) 2, and Nox4 of the aortic wall and in the expression of TNFα in the perivascular fat were strongly attenuated by azilsartan compared to candesartan cilexetil. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence that azilsartan prevents endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice, more potently than does candesartan cilexetil. Azilsartan’s higher affinity for and slower dissociation from AT1 receptors may underlie its efficacy in diabetic vascular dysfunction via a dual effect on uncoupled eNOS and on Nox

A novel Doppler echocardiographic index integrating left and right ventricular function is superior to conventional indices for predicting adverse outcome of acute myocardial infarction

The ratio of peak diastolic early velocity (E) of left ventricular (LV) inflow to peak diastolic longitudinal velocity (e’) of the mitral annulus (E/e’) is thought to reflect LV filling pressure, and tricuspid annulus velocity at systole (s’-T) is thought to reflect right ventricular function. However, it has not been reported on significance of the combined use of E/e’ and (s’-T) to predict outcome of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Over 21 months, beginning in January 2007, we enrolled 65 AMI patients who were measured hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters by Swan-Ganz (SG) catheterization just after reperfusion therapy and echocardiography immediately after reperfusion therapy. Cardiac index (CI) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) via SG catheter were measured, and routine echocardiographic indices, including E, e’, E/e’, and (s’-T) were determined. In addition, we defined the functional integrated bi-myocardial tissue Doppler (FIT) index as (s’-T)÷E/e’. The relationships between CI, PCWP, and echocardiographic indices were investigated, including FIT index. Moreover, we investigated whether FIT index could predict adverse cardiac events. FIT index was significantly associated with not only CI but also PCWP. In the Cox proportional hazards model, FIT index<1.0 was a significant predictor for adverse outcome of AMI after adjustment for age, Killip class, history of previous coronary revascularization, location of culprit lesion, and LV ejection fraction. The novel index defined as (s’-T)÷E/e’ could be quite useful predictor of prognosis in AMI

A case of neurogenic myocardial stunning presenting transient left ventricular mid-portion ballooning simulating atypical takotsubo cardiomyopathy

SummaryA 57-year-old female patient, who was initially suspected to have subarachnoid hemorrhage, was admitted to our hospital. She experienced severe dyspnea and chest pain owing to pneumonia on the fourth admission day. Electrocardiography showed ST-segment elevation in leads V2 through V5, and echocardiography revealed hypokinetic left ventricular wall motion. No stenosis was found in the coronary arteries by urgent coronary angiography. However, left ventriculography revealed that the basal and apical areas were hyperkinetic and the mid portion was akinetic. After a month, left ventricular wall motion was improved and coronary artery spasm provocation tests were negative. Although the clinical course of this patient was similar to that of neurogenic myocardial stunning, the shape of her left ventricle was not typical

特異的活性化第X因子阻害薬であるリバーロキサバンは、糖尿病マウス大動脈の血管内皮依存性弛緩反応を改善した

Activated factor X (FXa) plays a central role in the coagulation cascade, while it also mediates vascular function through activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs). Here, we examined whether inhibition of FXa by rivaroxaban, a direct FXa inhibitor, attenuates endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Induction of diabetes increased the expression of a major FXa receptor, PAR2, in the aorta (P < 0.05). Administration of rivaroxaban (10 mg/kg/day) to diabetic wild-type (WT) mice for 3 weeks attenuated endothelial dysfunction as determined by acetylcholine-dependent vasodilation compared with the control (P < 0.001), without alteration of blood glucose level. Rivaroxaban promoted eNOSSer1177 phosphorylation in the aorta (P < 0.001). Induction of diabetes to PAR2-deficient (PAR2−/−) mice did not affect endothelial function and eNOSSer1177 phosphorylation in the aorta compared with non-diabetic PAR2−/− mice. FXa or a PAR2 agonist significantly impaired endothelial function in aortic rings obtained from WT mice, but not in those from PAR2−/− mice. FXa promoted JNK phosphorylation (P < 0.01) and reduced eNOSSer1177 phosphorylation (P < 0.05) in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). FXa-induced endothelial dysfunction in aortic rings (P < 0.001) and eNOSSer1177 phosphorylation (P < 0.05) in HCAEC were partially ameliorated by a JNK inhibitor. Rivaroxaban ameliorated diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. Our results suggest that FXa or PAR2 is a potential therapeutic target

Effects of dabigatran on diabetic endothelial dysfunction

Diabetic patients have coagulation abnormalities, in which thrombin plays a key role. Whereas accumulating evidence suggests that it also contributes to the development of vascular dysfunction through the activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs). Here we investigated whether the blockade of thrombin attenuates endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice. Induction of diabetes by streptozotocin (STZ) increased the expression of PAR1, PAR3, and PAR4 in the aorta. STZ-induced diabetic mice showed impairment of endothelial function, while the administration of dabigatran etexilate, a direct thrombin inhibitor, significantly attenuated endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice with no alteration of metabolic parameters including blood glucose level. Dabigatran did not affect endothelium-independent vasodilation. Dabigatran decreased the expression of inflammatory molecules (e.g., MCP-1 and ICAM-1) in the aorta of diabetic mice. Thrombin increased the expression of these inflammatory molecules and the phosphorylation of IκBα, and decreased the phosphorylation of eNOSSer1177 in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC). Thrombin significantly impaired the endothelium-dependent vascular response of aortic rings obtained from wild-type mice. Inhibition of NF-κB attenuated thrombin-induced inflammatory molecule expression in HUVEC and ameliorated thrombin-induced endothelial dysfunction in aortic rings. Dabigatran attenuated the development of diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. Thrombin signaling may serve as a potential therapeutic target in diabetic condition