A Novel Human STR Similarity Method using Cascade Statistical Fuzzy Rules with Tribal Information Inference

A novel human STR (Short Tandem Repeat) similarity method using cascade statistical fuzzy rules with tribal information inference is proposed. The proposed method consists of two cascade Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS). The first FIS is to discriminate the tribal similarity, and the second FIS is to calculate the STR similarity. By using the allele marker’s statistical distribution probability density function as the membership function in the Fuzzy Rules of the first FIS, the new method makes it possible to tell the tribal similarity between two STR profiles. A 727 data acquired from tribal groups of Indonesia is used to examine the method produced promising result, being able to indicate higher tribal similarity score within a tribal group and lower similarity between tribal groups. In the light of Indonesia’s diverse tribal groups, these properties are able to be leveraged as a new way to improve the versatility of existing DNA matching algorithm

The Role of Forensic Odontology in Personal Identification: Indonesian Perspective

The central dogma of dental identification is the comparison between postmortem dentalremains and ante-mortem dental records to confirm the personal identity. In mass disasters happened inIndonesia this method is almost impossible, since the ante-mortem dental record was usually not available. Inthis situation, however, postmortem dental examination is still useful to find the other general personalinformation, such as race, age, sex, blood group, eating habit, etc that will reduce the number of suspects(presumptive identification). DNA analysis performed from dental materials, such as enamel, dentin, cementand pulp, will confirm the identity of suspected / alleged person. We will report our techniques in handlingsuch cases when ante-mortem data is not available based on several mass disasters in Indonesia, such asbombing cases, ship and airline accidents. In mass catastrophes and natural calamities, the primaryidentification method is based on the findings of fingerprint, forensic dentistry and DNA analysis. In realcase, most of the personal identification is based on the finding dental (odontology) evidences, since the teethare resistant to the environmental influence, and degradation compared to other parts of the body. It wasproven thorough our investigations, that even when we were not supported by ante-mortem dental records, theinformation from post mortem dental examination is always useful for personal identification. To reduce thepossibility of in-identified victims, in the future Indonesia needs to standardize dental record, make anation-wide forensic odontology curriculum in Dental School, and provide the forensic odontology and DVItrainings for dentist

Hubungan Nisbah C/n Dengan Jumlah Total Bakteri Pada Sedimen Tambak Di Areal Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau, Jepara

Aktivitas pertambakan mengalami penurunan kualitas air tambak akibat dari masukan bahan organik terutama sisa pakan yang tidak dimakan oleh organisme kultivan, serta kotoran yang dikeluarkan oleh kultivan budidaya, sehingga dapat mempengaruhi produktifitas tambak yaitu proses dekomposisi. Keberlangsungan proses dekomposisi ditandai dengan nisbah C/N, dimana nisbah C/N yang tinggi menunjukkan kecilnya kandungan N (N-Organik dan N-Amoniak) dan sebaliknya nisbah C/N yang rendah menunjukkan proses dekomposisi bakteri berjalan cepat menghasilkan N besar. Pada sedimen tambak terjadi banyak proses, salah satunya adalah bakteri sedimen yang mempunyai kemampuan mengikat nitrogen dari udara dan mengubah amonium menjadi nitrat. Bakteri sedimen mempunyai fungsi untuk mengfiksasi nitrogen dalam keadaan anaerob dan mengikat nitrogen dalam keadaan aerob. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara nisbah C/N dengan jumlah bakteri sedimen. Adapun manfaat yang diperoleh memberikan gambaran tentang tingkat dekomposisi berdasarkan nisbah C/N dengan jumlah bakteri sedimen, sehingga dapat diketahui cara budidaya perairan yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilaksakan pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2010 di BBPBAP Jepara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling. Pengambilan sampel dan pengukuran parameter kualitas tanah dan air dilakukan di tiga stasiun yaitu stasiun F1, stasiun F2, stasiun F3, yang masing stasiun terdiri satu titik sampling di plataran dekat pintu outlet. Sampling dilakukan empat kali ulangan. Pengujian nisbah C/N dan penghitungan jumlah bakteri sedimen dilakukan di Laboratorium BBPBAP Jepara. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nisbah C/N pada stasiun F1 18,87 - 38,93%, stasiun F2 22,25 – 41,59 %, stasiun F3 24,31 – 61,90 %. Sedangkan jumlah bakteri sedimen pada stasiun F1 10x105 – 42x105 cfu, stasiun F2 4x105 – 34x105 cfu, dan stasiun F3 8,1x105 – 29x105 cfu. Uji korelasi antara nisbah C/N dengan jumlah bakteri sedimen menunjukkan hubungan yang cukup erat, dimana 32,6% bakteri mempengaruhi nisbah C/N sedangkan sisanya 67,4% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain

Profil Vertikal Bahan Organik Dasar Perairan dengan Latar Belakang Pemanfaatan Berbeda di Rawa Pening

Sedimentasi di Rawa Pening berlangsung secara intensif dan selalu meningkat sehingga menyebabkan pendangkalan akibat pertumbuhan Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) yang tidak terkendali. Penumpukan bahan organik akibat Eceng Gondok di dasar perairan perlu diteliti pengaruhnya bagi lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil kandungan bahan organik secara vertikal pada zonasi pendangkalan di kawasan tutupan Eceng Gondok dan perairan terbuka serta untuk mengetahui hubungan potensi bahan organik dengan sediaan nutrien nitrogen dan fosfor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan metode sampling menggunakan purposive sampling. Lokasi penelitian terdiri dari 2 stasiun yaitu kawasan tutupan Eceng Gondok dan perairan terbuka. Data yang diukur meliputi bahan organik, N Total, P Total, pH tanah, tekstur tanah, kedalaman kecerahan, arus, suhu, dan DO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan bahan organik, N Total dan P Total pada semua segmen tidak memiliki pola. Bahan organik tergolong sangat tinggi dengan kisaran 61,99% - 74,82%. P Total tergolong tinggi sedangkan N Total tergolong rendah sampai sedang. Kontribusi nutrien ini tergolong rendah sampai sedang terhadap perairan akibat DO dan pH yang rendah

Neck Dissection in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Dharmais Hospital, Jakarta

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the rarest cancers worldwide. In Indonesia, the incidence is less than five thousands per year, and the mortality rate is almost 50%. More than 50% patients with OSCC have lymph node metastasis; the proportion of occult metastasis is 24-42%. Those with lymph node metastatishave the worst possibility of survival. This study aimed to estimate the survival of OSCC patients with neck dissections. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 78 patients with OSCC who were treated in Dharmais National Cancer Hospital between 1 January 2003 and 31 January 2013. The three years survival rate postdiagnosis, post neck dissection was calculated using Kaplan —Meier survival curves and statistically tested using a log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess the prognostic significance of neck dissections. Of the total patients in this study (n=78), 53.8% of patients had surgery. Of patients who underwent surgery, 71.4% had a neck dissection surgery. These patients were in either early or advanced stages of cancer. Overall survival showed that patients who received neck dissections had better survival rates (58.2%) than patients who did not receive neck dissection (32.2%). Stratification at every stage of cancer (I, II, III, and IV) showed better survival in patients with neck dissections. The risk of patients without neck dissections is higher than patient with neck dissection to die, Hazard Ration(HR)=2.19 (CI95% 1.04-4.62, p=0.028). Adequate neck dissection surgery increases chances of survival in patients with OSCC. Keywords: Neck Dissection, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Oral Cancer, Surviva