Variabilidade genética em bandos de queixada (Tayassu pecari) do Parque Nacional das Emas utilizando marcadores RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)

Nowadays, the analysis of genetic variability has a highlighted roll in the definition of conservation strategies and natural populations management. In this context, the goal of this study was to evaluate the pattern of genetic variability on Tayassu pecari groups from Emas National Park, using RAPD markers. DNA from 182 individuals, distributed among eight groups, were extracted and used to amplify 10 primers previously selected through PCR. The obtained data were used to estimate the magnitude and distribution of variability within and among the groups using AMOVA. In order to analyze, in an explicit way, the patterns of spatial variation patterns, Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was estimated between the matrix of genetic distances and geographic among the groups, considering their central area of life, estimated from telemetry data. From the ten primers, 129 loci were obtained, which 88% (114) were polymorphic, ranging between 37% and 78% in the groups. The value of ?sT obtained from AMOVA was equal to 0.11 (P < 0.0001 - 10000 permutations); a high value considering the only local population distributed in regional scale. Distances among pares of groups (?sT) ranged between 4% and 29%, illustrating the heterogeneity of variability on spatial scale. Key words: Tayassu pecari, RAPD, genetic variability.O estudo das espécies presentes nos fragmentos remanescentes e/ou preservadas nos parques e reservas ainda existentes ajuda a definir estratégias de manejo, de conservação e de uso sustentado dos recursos naturais dos diferentes biomas. A análise da variabilidade genética possui hoje um papel de destaque na definição dessas estratégias. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os padrões de variabilidade genética em bandos de queixada (Tayassu pecari) do Parque Nacional das Emas (PNE), utilizando marcadores do tipo RAPD. O DNA de 182 indivíduos, distribuídos em oito bandos, foi extraído e utilizado para a amplificação via PCR (reação em cadeia da polimerase) de dez primers previamente selecionados. Os dados foram utilizados para estimar a magnitude e a distribuição da variabilidade entre bandos e dentro dos bandos por meio da Análise de Variância Molecular (AMOVA). Com base nos dez primers, foram obtidos 129 locos, dos quais 88% (114) foram polimórficos, variando entre 37% e 78% nos bandos. O valor das distâncias dos pares de bandos ?sT obtido pela AMOVA foi igual a 0,11 (P < 0,0001 - 10.000 permutações), que pode ser considerado elevado, já que se trata, de uma única grande população local distribuída em uma escala regional (PNE). As distâncias entre os pares de bandos (?sT) variaram entre 4% e 29%, ilustrando a heterogeneidade da variabilidade nessa escala espacial. Com base no cálculo indireto do fluxo gênico, podese perceber que o número médio de indivíduos migrantes, por geração, entre os bandos de queixada, foi igual a dois, valor suficiente para suprimir a maior parte dos efeitos da deriva genética sob a diferenciação entre os bandos. Palavras-chave: Tayassu pecari, RAPD, variabilidade genética

Corn Cultivars Performance Intended for Production of Green Corn and Silage

Várias tecnologias ligadas à cultura do milho (Zea Mays L.) estão sendo implantadas no Brasil. A utilização de cultivares de alto potencial genético, juntamente com a melhoria das condições de instalação e condução da cultura, são alternativas para um melhor desempenho. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar as características agronômicas de um grupo de cultivares de milho para produção de milho verde, silagem e grãos em Goianésia, Goiás. O delineamento foi o de blocos casualisados, com 37 tratamentos e três repetições. Foram utilizados genótipos de milho, provenientes do programa de Ensaio Nacional de Cultivares, coordenado pela Embrapa Milho e Sorgo. As parcelas foram compostas de uma linha (3,80 m x 0,80 m). Os dados foram submetidos a análises de variância, sendo realizadas as comparações de médias pelo teste de Scott-knott (5%). Por meio da análise verificou-se efeitos significativos entre as cultivares, indicando variabilidade genética. Concluímos que a cultivar CD 324PRO2 destacou nos resultados para características gerais, as cultivares HTMV1, AG1051 e AL PIRATININGA para características de milho verde e as cultivares CD 324PRO2, AL AVARE e CD 3715PRO para características de silagem.Several technologies related to maize (Zea mays L.) are being implemented in Brazil. The use of high genetic potential cultivars along with improved installation conditions and driving culture, are alternatives for better performance. The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of a group of corn cultivars for the production of corn, silage and grain in Goianésia, Goiás. The design was a randomized blocks, with 37 treatments and three replications. The genotypes were used, from the National Cultivar testing program, coordinated by Embrapa Maize and Sorghum. The plots were composed of a line (3.80 m x 0.80 m). Data were submitted to analysis of variance, being carried out mean comparison by Scott-Knott test (5%). Through the analysis there was a significant effect among cultivars, indicating genetic variability. We conclude that the cultivar CD 324PRO2 highlighted in the results for general characteristics, HTMV1 cultivars AG1051 and AL PIRATININGA for corn characteristics and cultivars CD 324PRO2, AL AVARE and CD 3715PRO for silage characteristics

CONSERVAÇÃO E MANEJO DE IGUANA EM CATIVEIRO

Uma grande variedade de lagartos está disponível no mercado de animais de estimação.  As espécies mais comuns são os Dragões barbados, Geckos-leopardos, Geckos de Crista, Camaleões de Elmo do Yemen e Iguanas verdes. Iguanas verdes pertencem ao  apêndice II da CITES. As principais ameaças são a captura intensiva para o consumo humano e para o comércio ilegal de animais de companhia. São necessários vários  métodos e cuidados que possibilitem o bem estar de iguanas

CONSERVAÇÃO E MANEJO DE IGUANA EM CATIVEIRO

Uma grande variedade de lagartos está disponível no mercado de animais de estimação.  As espécies mais comuns são os Dragões barbados, Geckos-leopardos, Geckos de Crista, Camaleões de Elmo do Yemen e Iguanas verdes. Iguanas verdes pertencem ao  apêndice II da CITES. As principais ameaças são a captura intensiva para o consumo humano e para o comércio ilegal de animais de companhia. São necessários vários  métodos e cuidados que possibilitem o bem estar de iguanas

POISONING OF WILDLIFE IN ENVIRONMENAL PARKS OF BRAZIL

The city of Anapolis located in the state of Goiás, Brazil, has several environmental parks that serve as habitat and refuge for many wild animals. The parks represent the last refuge for some wild animals such asmarmoset, possum, armadillo, capuchin monkey, owl, lapwing, among others. In addition, the parks play an important role for climate mitigation and preservation of the ecosystem, and represent an important recreational area for residents. Recently, mortality rates have increased in non-human primates, including capuchin monkeys and marmosets,as well as skunks from environmental parks as Ipiranga, Matinha, and Central Park. Based on history and clinical signs - rapid onset, tetanic seizures and pupils dilated -strychnine poisoning was suspected. Necropsies were done in 15 marmosets (Callithrix penicillata). Of a total of 13marmosets from Central Park, nine showed petechiae in the pancreas, and presence of green strychnine-laced grain in the digestive tract.However, marmosets from Matinha and Ipiranga parks showed no specific necropsy lesions. Conducting monitoring of the Central Park showed that it undergoes reform. The hypothesis was that the employees were poisoning the marmosets since the animals constantly stole employees’ meals. Thus, an environmental education program was held in all three parks of the city. Employees and visitors of the parks were instructed about importanceofwildlifeconservation and biodiversity maintenance.A positive result was obtained after education program since no more animal deathshave beenobserved in the parks

Oral microbiota and their antibiotic susceptibility in free-living monkeys in Goiás State, Brazil: Repercussions for injuries in humans

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Goiás State, which is in the midwest region of Brazil, has several urban forests. This fact, along with the expansion of urban areas within the limits of Forest Conservation Units, increases the contact between humans and wildlife, such as capuchin monkeys. The impulsive behavior of these animals and the scarcity of food cause them to vigorously search for food, leading to direct encounters with Park visitors, which can result in scratches and bites and making them potential disseminators of pathogenic microorganisms. METHODS: Ten specimens of bearded capuchin monkey (Sapajus libidinosus) were captured at the Onofre Quinan Environmental Park in Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil. Samples were collected from the monkeys, and the bacteria and fungi present in the samples were isolated and identified. Then, the identified microorganisms were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. RESULTS: A total of 111 bacteria and 12 fungi were isolated, including two strict anaerobic bacteria of the genus Peptostreptococcus, 109 facultative anaerobic bacteria, and 12 yeasts. Among the facultative bacteria, enterobacteria and Staphylococcus were common. Resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin antibiotics was detected in the enterobacteria, and resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin was detected in the Staphylococci. The other strains were sensitive to all tested antimicrobials. Cefoxitin showed 100% efficacy in all isolated bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: For bites from capuchin monkeys, we recommend performing complete hygiene and antibiotic therapy, according to medical recommendations. Given the 100% effectiveness of cefoxitin, it should be considered for this type of injury, especially in the study region