465 research outputs found
Exploring the impact of gut microbiota and diet on breast cancer risk and progression
There is emerging evidence that resident microbiota communities, that is, the microbiota, play a key role in cancer outcomes and anticancer responses. Although this has been relatively well studied in colorectal cancer and melanoma, other cancers, such as breast cancer (BrCa), have been largely overlooked to date. Importantly, many of the environmental factors associated with BrCa incidence and progression are also known to impact the microbiota, for example, diet and antibiotics. Here, we explore BrCa risk factors from large epidemiology studies and microbiota associations, and more recent studies that have directly profiled BrCa patients' gut microbiotas. We also discuss how in vivo studies have begun to unravel the immune mechanisms whereby the microbiota may influence BrCa responses, and finally we examine how diet and specific nutrients are also linked to BrCa outcomes. We also consider future research avenues and important considerations with respect to study design and implementation, and we highlight some of the important unresolved questions, which currently limit our overall understanding of the mechanisms underpinning microbiotaâBrCa responses
The prognostic value of the tumorâstroma ratio is most discriminative in patients with grade III or tripleânegative breast cancer
The tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) was evaluated as a promising parameter for breast cancer prognostication in clinically relevant subgroups of patients. The TSR was assessed on hematoxylin and eosin stained tissue slides of 1794 breast cancer patients from the Nottingham City Hospital. An independent second cohort of 737 patients from the Netherlands Cancer Institute to Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was used for evaluation. In the Nottingham Breast Cancer series, the TSR was an independent prognostic parameter for recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.66, p = 0.004). The interaction term was statistically significant for grade and triple-negative status. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a more pronounced effect of the TSR for RFS in grade III tumors (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.51, p < 0.001) and triple-negative tumors (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.14, p = 0.020). Comparable hazard ratios and confidence intervals were observed for grade and triple-negative status in the ONCOPOOL study. The prognostic value of TSR was not modified by age, tumor size, histology, estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status or lymph node status. In conclusion, patients with a stroma-high tumor had a worse prognosis compared to patients with a stroma- low tumor. The prognostic value of the TSR is most discriminative in grade III tumors and triple-negative tumors. The TSR was not modified by other clinically relevant parameters making it a potential factor to be included for improved risk stratification
FlorĂstica arbĂłrea e arbustiva de um fragmento de Mata Ciliar do arroio Boa Vista, TeutĂŽnia, RS, Brasil
Adubação quĂmica, ataque do ĂĄcaro Aceria guerreronis e produtividade do coqueiro 'AnĂŁo-Verde'
Annexin A1 expression in a pooled breast cancer series: Association with tumor subtypes and prognosis
Background: Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a protein related with the carcinogenesis process and metastasis formation in many tumors. However, little is known about the prognostic value of ANXA1 in breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between ANXA1 expression, BRCA1/2 germline carriership, specific tumor subtypes and survival in breast cancer patients. Methods: Clinical-pathological information and follow-up data were collected from nine breast cancer studies from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) (n = 5,752) and from one study of familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations (n = 107). ANXA1 expression was scored based on the percentage of immunohistochemical staining in tumor cells. Survival analyses were performed using a multivariable Cox model. Results: The frequency of ANXA1 positive tumors was higher in familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations than in BCAC patients, with 48.6 % versus 12.4 %, respectively; P adj = 1.35; 95 % CI = 1.05-1.73), but the association weakened after 10 years (HRadj = 1.13; 95 % CI = 0.91-1.40). ANXA1 was a significant independent predictor of survival in HER2+ patients (10-years BCSS: HRadj = 1.70; 95 % CI = 1.17-2.45). Conclusions: ANXA1 is overexpressed in familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations and correlated with poor prognosis features: triple negative and poorly differentiated tumors. ANXA1 might be a biomarker candidate for breast cancer survival prediction in high risk groups such as HER2+ cases
Observation of the Decay Î0bâÎ+cÏâÂŻÎœ
The first observation of the semileptonic b-baryon decay Îb0âÎc+Ï-ÎœÂŻÏ, with a significance of 6.1Ï, is reported using a data sample corresponding to 3 fb-1 of integrated luminosity, collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV at the LHC. The Ï- lepton is reconstructed in the hadronic decay to three charged pions. The ratio K=B(Îb0âÎc+Ï-ÎœÂŻÏ)/B(Îb0âÎc+Ï-Ï+Ï-) is measured to be 2.46±0.27±0.40, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The branching fraction B(Îb0âÎc+Ï-ÎœÂŻÏ)=(1.50±0.16±0.25±0.23)% is obtained, where the third uncertainty is from the external branching fraction of the normalization channel Îb0âÎc+Ï-Ï+Ï-. The ratio of semileptonic branching fractions R(Îc+)B(Îb0âÎc+Ï-ÎœÂŻÏ)/B(Îb0âÎc+ÎŒ-ÎœÂŻÎŒ) is derived to be 0.242±0.026±0.040±0.059, where the external branching fraction uncertainty from the channel Îb0âÎc+ÎŒ-ÎœÂŻÎŒ contributes to the last term. This result is in agreement with the standard model prediction
Observation of the doubly charmed baryon decay Îcc++âÎcâČ+Ï+
The Îcc++âÎcâČ+Ï+ decay is observed using proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fbâ1. The Îcc++âÎcâČ+Ï+ decay is reconstructed partially, where the photon from the ÎcâČ+âÎc+Îł decay is not reconstructed and the pKâÏ+ final state of the Îc+ baryon is employed. The Îcc++âÎcâČ+Ï+branching fraction relative to that of the Îcc++âÎc+Ï+ decay is measured to be 1.41 ± 0.17 ± 0.10, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. [Figure not available: see fulltext.
Study of charmonium and charmonium-like contributions in B+ â J/ÏηK+ decays
A study of B+â J/ÏηK+ decays, followed by J/Ï â ÎŒ+ÎŒâ and η â γγ, is performed using a dataset collected with the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fbâ1. The J/Ïη mass spectrum is investigated for contributions from charmonia and charmonium-like states. Evidence is found for the B+â (Ï2(3823) â J/Ïη)K+ and B+â (Ï(4040) â J/Ïη)K+ decays with significance of 3.4 and 4.7 standard deviations, respectively. This constitutes the first evidence for the Ï2(3823) â J/Ïη decay
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