Regulation of Intestinal Immune Response by Selective Removal of the Anterior, Posterior, or Entire Pituitary Gland in Trichinella spiralis Infected Golden Hamsters

The influence of anterior pituitary hormones on the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals has been previously reported. Hypophysectomy (HYPOX) in the rat causes atrophy of the intestinal mucosa, and reduction of gastric secretion and intestinal absorption, as well as increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. However, to our knowledge, no findings have been published concerning the immune response following HYPOX during worm infection, particularly that which is caused by the nematode Trichinella spiralis. The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of total or partial HYPOX on colonization of T. spiralis in the intestinal lumen, together with duodenal and splenic cytokine expression. Our results indicate that 5 days post infection, only neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL) reduces the number of intestinally recovered T. spiralis larvae. Using semiquantitative inmunofluorescent laser confocal microscopy, we observed that the mean intensity of all tested Th1 cytokines was markedly diminished, even in the duodenum of infected controls. In contrast, a high level of expression of these cytokines was noted in the NIL infected hamsters. Likewise, a significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity of Th2 cytokines (with the exception of IL-4) was apparent in the duodenum of control and sham infected hamsters, compared to animals with NIL surgeries, which showed an increase in the expression of IL-5 and IL-13. Histology of duodenal mucosa from NIL hamsters showed an exacerbated inflammatory infiltrate located along the lamina propria, which was related to the presence of the parasite. We conclude that hormones from each pituitary lobe affect the gastrointestinal immune responses to T. spiralis through various mechanisms

Międzygatunkowe hybrydyzacje in situ do identyfikacji translokacji Robertsonowskiej u dzika

Cross-species hybridizations in situ for identification of Robertsonian translocation in wild boar. Homologies and homeologies between human and pig chromosomes enabled human painting probes to be used for identification of chromosomes involved in homozygous centric fusion in the wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa). with karyotype 36,XY,rob(15;17), which had been provisionally determined on the basis of G-bands (GTG technique). For interspecies hybridizations two commercial differently labelled human painting probes for chromosome pairs 2 and 20 were used. FISH with the human WCP 20 probe revealed green fluorescence signals on the short arms of the 15;17translocated chromosomes, and after hybridization with the WCP 2 yellow signals were observed along the long arms of these rearranged acrocentic autosomes as well as on small fragments of the SSC3q arms. The results of cross-species hybridizations in situ have confirmed preliminary cytogenetic evaluation of the karyotype of the Robertsonian translocation-carrying wild boar as well as numerous homologies and homeologies between chromosomes of human and species (Sus scrofa domestica and Sus scrofa scrofa) belonging to the Suidae family. The results obtained have confirmed alsothe usefulness of commercial human painting probes for identification of chromosome rearrangements in other species that received little study.Międzygatunkowe hybrydyzacje in situ do identyfikacji translokacji Robertsonowskiej u dzika. Homologie i homeologie między chromosomami człowieka i świni domowej umożliwiły zastosowanie ludzkich sond malujących do identyfikacji chromosomów zaangażowanych w homozygotyczną fuzję centryczną u dzika (Sus scrofa scrofa) o kariotypie 36,XY,rob(15;17), który został wstępnie zdiagnozowany na podstawie prążków G (technika GTG). Do międzygatunkowych hybrydyzacji wykorzystano dwie komercyjne, różnie znakowane ludzkie sondy malujące dla chromosomów par 2. i 20. FISH z ludzką sondą WCP 20 ujawniła zielone sygnały hybrydyzacyjne na krótkich ramionach translokowanych chromosomuów15;17, a po hybrydyzacji z WCP 2 żółte sygnały obserwowane byływzdłuż długich ramion tych zreorganizowanych akrocentrycznych autosomów. Wyniki międzygatunkowych hybrydyzacji in situ potwierdziły wstępną cytogenetyczną ocenę kariotypu dzika – nosiciela translokacji robertsonowskiej, a także liczne homologie i homeologie między chromosomami człowieka i gatunków należących do rodziny Suidae (Sus scrofa domestica i Sus scrofa scrofa). Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły także przydatność komercyjnych ludzkich sond malujących do identyfikacji chromosomowych rearanżacji u innych, mało poznanych, gatunków

Identificación preliminar de la reorganización del par cromosómico 1 en porcinos Landrace polacos

Se identificó una reorganización en el par cromosómico 1 de la raza Landrace Polaco mediante las metodologías de bandeo HRBT - RBA, GTG y CBG. Comparando la ordenación de las bandas de los cromosomas elongados con los patrones desarrollados para cromosomas prometafásicos porcinos, se localizaron puntos de ruptura en las cromátidas del par 1. La reorganización fue provisionalmente diagnosticada como una inversión pericéntrica inv/1// p 2.2.2.1.;q 1.1./. La cerda portadora de la anomalía se caracterizó por un fenotipo correcto. Sus características reproductivas, valoradas en función del tamaño medio de camada no diferían del tamaño medio de camada en su lote

Evaluation of the effect of centromeric heterochromatin polymorphism on pig fertility

C-banding identified centromeric heterochromatin polymorphism, most often located in pair no. 16, was a basis for selecting animals for the experiment. The aim of the experiment was to assess the impact of centromeric heterochromatin polymorphism on pig fertility, expressed by litter size. The research included the first two litters obtained from 30 pairs of parents with different genotypes as regards the parameter under study. A statistical analysis of the number of offspring from different mating types showed no significant differences between the experimental groups of animals. The results obtained did not confirm suggested correlation between polymorphism of the centromeric heterochromatin regions and pig fertility, estimated by mean litter size. Thus the polymorphism cannot be regarded as a selection criterion

Identificación preliminar de la reorganización del par cromosómico 1 en porcinos Landrace polacos

Se identificó una reorganización en el par cromosómico 1 de la raza Landrace Polaco mediante las metodologías de bandeo HRBT - RBA, GTG y CBG. Comparando la ordenación de las bandas de los cromosomas elongados con los patrones desarrollados para cromosomas prometafásicos porcinos, se localizaron puntos de ruptura en las cromátidas del par 1. La reorganización fue provisionalmente diagnosticada como una inversión pericéntrica inv/1// p 2.2.2.1.;q 1.1./. La cerda portadora de la anomalía se caracterizó por un fenotipo correcto. Sus características reproductivas, valoradas en función del tamaño medio de camada no diferían del tamaño medio de camada en su lote

Decrease in pig fertility as a result of reciprocal translocations and associated economic effects on the basis of rcp [7;13][q13;q46]

Reciprocal translocations, very frequently identified in pigs, are the cause of fertitlity decrease. The aim of this work was to provide an objective assessment of the real effect of reciprocal translocation (7;13) on the fertility of carriers and associated economic effects. The experiment has shown that fertility, expressed as a mean litter size, decreased by 48% in comparison to that of the control group. On the basis of simulation account, financial losses incurred a translocation - as a result of using carrying boar in a commercial herd were estimated at about 8,000 USD for natural mating and at about 162,000 USD for artificial insemination. The results obtained show the need for introducing a system for cytogenetic control of boars producing small litters into the Polish swine improvement programme