Rehabilitative treatment of cleft lip and palate: experience of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies/USP (HRAC/USP) - Part 5: Institutional outcomes assessment and the role of the Laboratory of Physiology

The Laboratory of Physiology provides support for the diagnosis of functional disorders associated with cleft lip and palate and also conducts studies to assess, objectively, the institutional outcomes, as recommended by the World Health Organization. The Laboratory is conceptually divided into three units, namely the Unit for Upper Airway Studies, Unit for Stomatognathic System Studies and the Unit for Sleep Studies, which aims at analyzing the impact of different surgical and dental procedures on the upper airways, stomatognathic system and the quality of sleep of individuals with cleft lip and palate. This paper describes the main goals of the Laboratory in the assessment of procedures which constitute the basis of the rehabilitation of cleft lip and palate, i.e., Plastic Surgery, Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Surgery and Speech Pathology

Fast-neutron induced pre-equilibrium reactions on 55Mn and 63,65Cu at energies up to 40 MeV

Excitation functions were measured for the $^{55}$Mn(n,2n)$^{54}$Mn, $^{55}$Mn(n,$\alpha$)$^{52}$V, $^{63}$Cu(n,$\alpha$)$^{60}$Co, $^{65}$Cu(n,2n)$^{64}$Cu, and $^{65}$Cu(n,p)$^{65}$Ni reactions from 13.47 to 14.83 MeV. The experimental cross sections are compared with the results of calculations including all activation channels for the stable isotopes of Mn and Cu, for neutron incident energies up to 50 MeV. Within the energy range up to 20 MeV the model calculations are most sensitive to the parameters related to nuclei in the early stages of the reaction, while the model assumptions are better established by analysis of the data in the energy range 20-40 MeV. While the present analysis has taken advantage of both a new set of accurate measured cross sections around 14 MeV and the larger data basis fortunately available between 20 and 40 MeV for the Mn and Cu isotopes, the need of additional measurements below as well as above 40 MeV is pointed out. Keywords: 55Mn, 63,65Cu, E$\leq$40 MeV, Neutron activation cross section measurements, Nuclear reactions, Model calculations, Manganese, CopperComment: 39 pages, 12 figure

Rehabilitative treatment of cleft lip and palate: experience of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies - USP (HRAC-USP) - Part 3: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

This paper presents the treatment protocol of maxillofacial surgery in the rehabilitation process of cleft lip and palate patients adopted at HRAC-USP. Maxillofacial surgeons are responsible for the accomplishment of two main procedures, alveolar bone graft surgery and orthognathic surgery. The primary objective of alveolar bone graft is to provide bone tissue for the cleft site and then allow orthodontic movements for the establishment of an an adequate occlusion. When performed before the eruption of the maxillary permanent canine, it presents high rates of success. Orthognathic surgery aims at correcting maxillomandibular discrepancies, especially anteroposterior maxillary deficiencies, commonly observed in cleft lip and palate patients, for the achievement of a functional occlusion combined with a balanced face

The secondary students occuparions of 2015: living among equals in the world of inequality

Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudos a mobilização secundarista paulista no final de 2015, contra a proposta governamental de reorganização escolar. A política pública previa o fechamento de 94 escolas e a realocação de cerca de 311 mil alunos para estabelecimentos de ciclo único. Em contraposição ao projeto, estudantes secundaristas iniciaram um ciclo de protestos que levaria a um movimento de ocupação de escolas estaduais, sem precedentes na história nacional. O ineditismo do ocorrido nos levou a tentar compreendê-lo, sob a suspeita de que seus significados ultrapassem a mera condição de novidade. Então, este trabalho buscou algumas das inúmeras histórias que surgiram de tudo o que se passou, tentando fazer da narração e da compreensão atividades frutíferas ao campo no qual a pesquisa se insere, a Filosofia da Educação. O caráter novo e intempestivo da ação estudantil nos levou a mobilizar um arcabouço teórico específico, advindo principalmente da obra de Jacques Rancière. A partir dele, foi possível enxergar a mobilização enquanto produtora de uma ação política, que nos leva a refletir, também, sobre possíveis relações entre noções de política e de educação escolar.The object of this research is the secondary students mobilization of São Paulo at the end of 2015, against the governmental proposal of \"school reorganization\". The public policy foresaw the closing of 94 schools and the reallocation of about 311.000 students to schools that house either elementary, middle or high school. Opposing the project, high school students began a cycle of protest leading to an unprecedented occupation of state schools in Brazilian history. The unprecedented character of this event led us to try to understand it, under the suspicion that its meanings exceed the mere condition of novelty. So, this work sought after some of the countless stories that emerged from all events, trying to use the narratives and apprehension of the facts as support to the field in which the research is inserted, the Philosophy of Education. The new and tempestuous feature of student action led us to mobilize a specific theoretical framework, derived mainly from the work of Jacques Rancière. Under this light, it was possible to see the mobilization as producer of a political action, which leads us to reflect, also, on possible relations between notions of politics and school education

The secondary students occuparions of 2015: living among equals in the world of inequality

Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudos a mobilização secundarista paulista no final de 2015, contra a proposta governamental de reorganização escolar. A política pública previa o fechamento de 94 escolas e a realocação de cerca de 311 mil alunos para estabelecimentos de ciclo único. Em contraposição ao projeto, estudantes secundaristas iniciaram um ciclo de protestos que levaria a um movimento de ocupação de escolas estaduais, sem precedentes na história nacional. O ineditismo do ocorrido nos levou a tentar compreendê-lo, sob a suspeita de que seus significados ultrapassem a mera condição de novidade. Então, este trabalho buscou algumas das inúmeras histórias que surgiram de tudo o que se passou, tentando fazer da narração e da compreensão atividades frutíferas ao campo no qual a pesquisa se insere, a Filosofia da Educação. O caráter novo e intempestivo da ação estudantil nos levou a mobilizar um arcabouço teórico específico, advindo principalmente da obra de Jacques Rancière. A partir dele, foi possível enxergar a mobilização enquanto produtora de uma ação política, que nos leva a refletir, também, sobre possíveis relações entre noções de política e de educação escolar.The object of this research is the secondary students mobilization of São Paulo at the end of 2015, against the governmental proposal of \"school reorganization\". The public policy foresaw the closing of 94 schools and the reallocation of about 311.000 students to schools that house either elementary, middle or high school. Opposing the project, high school students began a cycle of protest leading to an unprecedented occupation of state schools in Brazilian history. The unprecedented character of this event led us to try to understand it, under the suspicion that its meanings exceed the mere condition of novelty. So, this work sought after some of the countless stories that emerged from all events, trying to use the narratives and apprehension of the facts as support to the field in which the research is inserted, the Philosophy of Education. The new and tempestuous feature of student action led us to mobilize a specific theoretical framework, derived mainly from the work of Jacques Rancière. Under this light, it was possible to see the mobilization as producer of a political action, which leads us to reflect, also, on possible relations between notions of politics and school education

Configuration mixing in nucleon-induced pre-equilibrium reactions

We present a unified semiclassical model of nucleon-induced pre-equilibrium reactions that permits the simulation of varying degrees of internal configuration mixing. We can reproduce the limits of no intraclass transitions, assumed in the hybrid Monte Carlo simulation (HMS) model, or of intraclass equilibrium, assumed in exciton models. We compare the two limiting cases with a natural model, in which the intraclass transitions are treated on an equal footing with the others. Monte Carlo simulations of the models with no intraclass transitions and with the natural ones yield very similar emission spectra, which are quite different from the exciton model ones. To reproduce standard exciton model spectra, the model simulations require an intraclass transition rate a thousand times larger than the natural one. Calculations using simple shell-model interactions show the average squared interclass and intraclass matrix elements to be similar in magnitude, as assumed in the natural model

Comparison of approximations to the transition rate in the DDHMS preequilibrium model

The double differential hybrid Monte Carlo simulation model (DDHMS) originally used exciton model densities and transition densities with approximate angular distributions obtained using linear momentum conservation. Because the model uses only the simplest transition rates, calculations using more complex approximations to these are still viable. We compare calculations using the original approximation to one using a nonrelativistic Fermi gas transition densities with the approximate angular distributions and with exact nonrelativistic and relativistic transition transition densities

A Narrative Review on Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tools for the Analysis of Dental Arches in Orofacial Cleft Patients

Background: It is necessary to analyze and monitor the facial growth of orofacial cleft patients. The documentation should therefore begin before and after primary surgeries. Technological evolution has transformed plaster models into 3D images through scanners that allow rational storage, manipulation, and rotation without the possibility of breakage or damage. Based on this fact, this narrative review aims to provide a feature on the three-dimensional tools available for the assessment of dental arches in children with orofacial cleft and mixed dentition. Material and Methods: Three databases were chosen (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus) and keywords were used to select papers. Results: During the database screening, 292 potentially relevant papers were found. After removing duplicates, titles, and abstracts, 32 papers presented qualifications for analysis. Through evaluating each document by reading it one by one, 24 papers fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Conclusions: It was concluded that digital tools—i.e., benchtop scanners which evaluate the dental arches of children with cleft lip, palate, and mixed dentition—are reproducible and reliable, without the use of ionizing radiation, allow storage, manipulation with sustainability, and help preserve the environment

Three-Dimensional Anthropometric Analysis of the Effect of Lip Reconstructive Surgery on Children with Cleft Lip and Palate at Three Different Times

Objectives: This investigation aimed to assess the optimal timing for lip repair in children with cleft lip and palate via 3D anthropometric analysis to evaluate their maxillofacial structures. Methods: The sample comprised 252 digitized dental models, divided into groups according to the following timing of lip repair: G1 (n = 50): 3 months; G2 (n = 50): 5 and 6 months; G3 (n = 26): 8 and 10 months. Models were evaluated at two-time points: T1: before lip repair; T2: at 5 years of age. Linear measurements, area, and Atack index were analyzed. Results: At T1, the intergroup analysis revealed that G1 had statistically significant lower means of I-C′, I-C, C-C′, and the sum of the segment areas compared to G2 (p = 0.0140, p = 0.0082, p = 0.0004, p p = 0.0346). At T2, the intergroup analysis revealed that G1 presented a statistically significant mean I-C′ compared to G3 (p = 0.0461). In the I-CC’ length analysis, G1 and G3 showed higher means when compared to G2 (p = 0.0039). The I-T′ measurement was statistically higher in G1 than in G2 (p = 0.0251). In the intergroup growth rate analysis, G1 and G2 showed statistically significant differences in the I-C′ measurement compared to G3 (p = 0.0003). In the analysis of the Atack index, there was a statistically significant difference between G1 and the other sample sets (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Children who underwent surgery later showed better results in terms of the growth and development of the dental arches