Aspectos ecológicos (alimentação e reprodução) dos peixes do igarapé do Porto, Aripuanã, MT ()

In this paper feeding habits and reproduction of pbout 20 species of fishes collected at igarapé do Porto, Aripuanã, MT, during the beginning of high water season, are discussed Based on the data obtained from analysis of stomach and intestinal contents, comments are made on food habits, food preferences, and distribution of the fish in the biotopes studies According to these data it was possible to situate the species in the different trophic levels recognized within each biotope. Included also are some observation concerning the breeding season of the species studies.Neste trabalho são discutidas a alimentação e a reprodução de 20 espécies de peixes coletadas no igarapé do Porto, Aripuanã, MT, no início do período chuvoso. Baseado nas análises do conteúdo estomacal e algumas vezes intestinal, discute-se a distribuição das espécies nos diversos biótopos estudados, mudanças de hábitos alimentares e preferência por determinado tipo de alimento dentro de vários níveis tróficosconsumidores primários, secundários e terciários. São incluídas ainda, algumas observações sobre a época de reprodução das espécies estudadas

Reprodução da piranha-amarela Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner, 1858, em lagos de várzea, Amazonas, Brasil

Serrasalmus spilopleura (piranha) is a source of animal protein for marginal populations, it is occasionally sold in markets and fairs in the region. Considering the scarcity of information on reproduction of fish in floodplain lakes, the study proposes to investigate the average size at first maturity and spawning season of S. spilopleura lakes Jaitêua-São Lourenço, Manacapuru, AM. Also related are the abiotic factors (water level and depth) and biotic (condition factor) with the spawning season. 232 females were captured from August 2006 to June 2007, using gill net, and in the laboratory were used for biometrics and identification of the maturation stages. The spawning season of the females was established through the temporal distribution of relative frequency in different maturation stages and relative condition factor, Kn = Pt/aCp b, where: Kn = relative condition factor; Pt = total weight; Cp = standard length, a and b = constants obtained from regression between weight and length. And, to check for correlation between condition factor and with the spawning season depth of the lakes, we used the Spearman correlation coefficient of the 5% significance level. The amplitude of the standard length of specimens ranged 7-22 cm. Correlation analysis between Kn and spawning season (r s = 0.58, p < 0.05) was positive, i.e. the spawning season corresponded to the higher Kn, suggesting that an indicator of spawning season of S. spilopleura. There was a negative correlation between the depth and Kn (r s = -0.66, p < 0.05) and between depth and spawning season (r s = -0.25, p < 0.05). The estimated L 50 corresponded to 13.0 ± 0.09 cm and 17.0 ± 0.02 cm L 100, S. spilopleura develops its complex reproductive cycle in the lake of Grand Lake Manacapuru, and based on indicators of reproduction, spawning season and relative condition factor, spawning begins in December, early on the rising extending to February, mid-rising, which coincided with the rise of water level of the Solimões-Amazon River and deep lakes

Dinâmica populacional da piranha amarela Serrasalmus spilopleura em lagos de várzea

Fish is the main source of protein in the Amazon and fishing is one of the most important sources of income for the Amazonian population. Serrasalmus spilopleura is a species that have been increasingly consumed by riverside communities, although it is only occasionally commercialized at regional markets. Therefore, this work sought to generate information about the population biology of S. spilopleura captured in floodplain lakes, Jaitêua and São Lourenço, in Manacapuru, Amazonas State. The population parameters were estimated by analyzing the distribution of the length frequency with the help of the ELEFAN I routine of the FISAT II program. The weight/length relationship was estimated by linear regression, longevity by Taylor's method, rate of natural mortality by Taylor's and Pauly's methods, and growth type by a t-test (α = 0.05). 669 specimens of S. spilopleura were captured measuring between 7 and 22 centimeters. The estimated population parameters were: k = 0.34 year-1, L∞ = 23.10 cm, t0 = 0, and A0.95 = 9 years. 7 cohorts were identified, Taylor M = 0.33 year-1 and Pauly M = 0.98 year-1. The weight/length relationship equation was Wt = 0.051320.Lt2.8727, and negatively allometric growth. The information on the population parameters of S. spilopleura could be used to provide evaluation models for this fishery resource

Dynamic population from triportheus albus, t. angulatus and t. auritus (characiformes: Characidae) in amazonian central lakes

In the Amazon the fishing is considered an important source of income and animal protein for the people in the region. Among the different fish species that landed in the market and fairs stand out Triportheus albus, T. angulatus and T. auritus. Considering the reduction of some fish stocks in the region, both the quantity and the size of some species, the research proposes to determine the growth parameters, mortality and length-weight relation of these species in floodplain lakes, Manacapuru, AM. The parameters were estimated by analyzing the length frequency distribution with the help of the routine "scan of values of k" method ELEFAN I program FISAT II. The values for each species were: T. albus L∞=24.68cm, k=0.86/year, Ø '= 2.71, A0.95=3.48years, Mp=1.76/year, Mt=0.85/year, Pt=0.0398*Cp2.6303; T. angulatus L∞=26.78cm, k=0.77/year, Ø '= 2.74, A0.95=3.89years, Mp=1.60/year, Mt=0.76/year, Pt=0.0294*Cp2.8599 and T. auritus L∞=27.83cm, k=0.65/year, Ø '= 2.70, A0.95=4.68years, Mp=1.40/year, Mt=0.63/year and Pt=0.0542*Cp2.5094. These species showed rapid growth, high mortality, low life expectancy and short life cycle. It is suggested the parameters population should be continuously monitored to be used as a tool in the stock analysis

Avaliação de Estoque: Gestão sustentável no alto e médio rio Araguari, Amapá, Brasil

Fisheries in Araguari river is an alternative income for families that depend on exploitation of natural resources. This study evaluates fisheries production in high and medium Araguari river to determine the bioeconomic reference points of fishery activities. Logbooks of fisheries were used from Fishermen Colony Z-16 from 2003 to 2010. The Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) and Effort at Maximum Sustainable Yield (fmsy) was: MSYSchaefer = 11246 kg and fmsy = 754 fisheries/year, and MSYFox = 11478 kg and fmsy = 1214 fisheries/year and at Bioeconomic Equilibrium (Eebe) Eebe = 10712 kg and Effort at Bioeconomic Equilibrium (febe) febe = 918 fisheries/year. The status of fisheries from Araguari River was declared as overfishing and in this study, we found the same results. The Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) was reached too, as the fisheries were at Bioeconomic Equilibrium (EBE). The fishery mortality (Fyear/Fmsy) and fishery effort (fyear/fmsy) trends show that from 2003 to 2009 the values were sustainable. In 2010 those trends became unsustainable, and the Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) for all years is unsustainable too. It is required this study be considered in future management agreements.A pesca no rio Araguari é uma alternativa de renda das famílias que dependem da exploração derecursos naturais. Esse estudo avaliou a produção pesqueira no alto e médio rio Araguari paradeterminar os pontos de referência bioeconômicos da atividade pesqueira. Foram utilizados osregistros das pescarias realizados pela colônia de pescadores Z-16 de 2003 a 2010. O rendimentomáximo sustentável (MSY) e o esforço no rendimento máximo sustentável (fmsy) foram: MSYSchaefer =11246 kg e fmsy = 754 pescarias/ano e MSYFox = 11478 kg e fmsy = 1214 pescarias/ano e o EquilíbrioBioeconômico (Eebe) Eebe = 10712 kg e Esforço em Equilíbrio Bioeconômico (febe) febe = 918pescarias/ano. A pescarias no rio Araguari foi declarada como em sobrepesca de crescimento e nessetrabalho encontramos os mesmos resultados. O rendimento máximo econômico (MEY) já foi atingidotambém, e as pescarias encontram-se em Equilíbrio Bioeconômico (EBE). As tendências de mortalidadepor pescado (Fyear/Fmsy) e esforço de pesca (ano/fmsy) mostram que de 2003 a 2009 os valores foramsustentáveis. Em 2010, as tendências se tornaram insustentáveis, e o máximo rendimento econômico (MEY) para todos os anos é insustentável também. É necessário nos futuros acordos de gestão para aregião os resultados deste estudo sejam considerados

Length-weight relationship and condition factor of eight fish species from the upper Araguari River, State of Amapá, Brazil

The present study estimated parameters of the length-weight relationship (LWR) and allometric condition factor for eight fish species from the upper Araguari River, in the State of Amapá, Brazil. A total of 615 fish of eight species were analyzed: Acestrorhynchus falcatus, A. falcirostris, Ageneiosus inermis, Hemiodus unimaculatus, Hoplias aimara, Myloplus asterias, M. ternetzi and Tometes trilobatus. The allometric condition factor varied from 0.742 to 1.435. The coefficient of allometry ranged from 2.723 to 3.225. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the LWR ranged from 0.742 to 0.985. This is the first estimate of the length-weight relationship for fish from the Araguari River and the first record of these parameters for Myloplus ternetzi and Tometes trilobatus. © 2019, Eduem - Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringa. All rights reserved

O Departamento Peixe/Pesca

This paper concerns about the historic of the Fish/Fishery Department development at INPA - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Now a day, this Department is formed by six divisions. The Division of Fishery do the evaluation of the fish stock ay using catch and landing data, field observations on catch methods, behaviour of fishing fleet, etc... The Division of Fish Biology takes place on systematic characterization of amazonian fish species, the study of food and feeding habits and reproduction according to the annual water level cycling, the differences on fish fauna related to the main types of water, as well as parasitology and icthyopathology. The Division of Aquatic Ecology analyses the limnological data of lakes and rivers of the amazonian region related to different types of water; special attention has been given to aquatic macrophites and its potential utilization in agriculture as fertilizer and cattle food. The Division of Fish Technology analyses the chemical composition of regional fishes, it develops preservation methods like as salting, drying and curing as well as quality control standards. The Division of Fish Culture develops culture methods of regional fishes, the study of natural and artificial ways of reproduction and experiments with different food formulations. The Division of Aquatic Mammals studies the biology, ecology and physiology of peixe-boi (manatee) and two species of river dolphins.Este artigo relata o histórico da formação do atual Departamento Peixe/Pesca do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Atualmente o Departamento é formado por seis divisões. A Divisão de Pesca efetua a avaliação dos recursos pesqueiros através dos dados de captura e desembarque, de observações em campo dos métodos de captura, do comportamento da frota pesqueira, etc. A Divisão de Biologia de Peixes realiza a caracterização sistemática das espécies de peixes da Amazônia, o estudo da alimentação e da reprodução das espécies relacionadas com o ciclo anual das águas, bem como de parasitas e ictiopatologia. A Divisão de Ecologia Aquática encarrega-se da obtenção de dados limnológicos de lagos e rios da região amazônica, abrangendo a caracterização dos diferentes tipos de água encontrados (preta, branca, clara) e o estudo das macrófitas aquáticas e suas possibilidades de utilização na agropecuária. A Divisão de Tecnologia do Pescado efetua estudos da composição química do pescado regional, desenvolve métodos de preservação como salga, secagem, defumação, etc., bem como a análise dos padrões de controle da qualidade. A Divisão de Piscicultura desenvolve métodos de cultivo intensivo e semi-intensivo das espécies regionais, de técnicas de reprodução natural e artificial e a experimentação de rações naturais e artificiais. A Divisão de Mamíferos Aquáticos estuda a biologia, a ecologia e a fisiologia do peixe-boi da Amazônia e de duas espécies de golfinhos de água doce

Fish assemblage associated with aquatic macrophytes bank in mananged lakes of Central Amazon, Amazonas, Brazil

The co-management of fishery resources developed by Amazonian riverine people is concerned with the maintenance of suitable environments for fish stock conservation. This type of co-management strategy is based on rules of access and use for fishery resources. In this research we investigated the influence of using lakes (preserved and managed for subsistence) and its distance from the river (near and far) in the structure of the fish assemblages associated with floating meadows bank in floodplain lakes, Central Amazonian. Fish were caught during flood period using seine nets in six lakes in a distance ranging from 0.87 to 10.9 km from the river. In floating meadows bank were captured a total of 623 specimens of fish, over 56 species. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicates that the co-management of lakes and distance did not influence significantly the ecological attributes of fish assemblages (abundance, richness, total weight, Shannon-Weaver and Berger-Parker diversity, evenness and dominance). According to analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) there was no difference in species composition among the lakes. These results suggest other factors, such as: short time of effective management, the agriculture as the most important economic activity of subsistence, the lack of fisheries in large-scale which cause significant environmental changes and the existence of an ecological factor of great intensity, "the flood pulse", overlapping others of less intensity.O co-manejo dos recursos pesqueiros que vem sendo desenvolvido pelos ribeirinhos da Amazônia têm a preocupação de assegurar ambientes adequados para a conservação dos estoques. Esta estratégia de co-manejo é baseada em regras de acesso e uso dos recursos pesqueiros. Nesse estudo, foi investigada a influência do tipo de uso de lagos (preservados e manejados para subsistência) e a sua distância do rio (próximos e distantes) na estrutura das assembleias de peixes associadas aos bancos de macrófitas aquáticas em lagos de várzea, Amazônia Central. Os peixes foram capturados na cheia com rede de cerco em seis lagos com distância do rio variando de 0,87 a 10,9 km. Nas macrófitas aquáticas e capins flutuantes dos lagos foram capturados um total de 623 exemplares de peixes, distribuídos em 56 espécies. A análise de covariância (ANCOVA) indica que o co-manejo dos lagos e distância não influenciaram significativamente nos atributos ecológicos das assembleias (abundância, riqueza, peso total, diversidade de Shannon-Weaver, diversidade Berger-Parker, equitabilidade e dominância). A análise de similaridade (ANOSIM) também mostrou que não existe diferença na composição de espécies entre os tipos de lago. Estes resultados sugerem outros fatores, como o pouco tempo de manejo efetivo, a agricultura como sendo a principal atividade econômica de subsistência, inexistência de pescarias em larga escala que produzam alterações ambientais significativas e a existência de um fator ecológico de grande intensidade, o pulso de inundação, sobrepondo a outros de menor intensidade