23,666 research outputs found
Gravitational energy in a small region for the modified Einstein and Landau-Lifshitz pseudotensors
The purpose of the classical Einstein and Landau-Lifshitz pseudotensors is
for determining the gravitational energy. Neither of them can guarantee a
positive energy in holonomic frames. In the small sphere approximation, it has
been required that the quasilocal expression for the gravitational
energy-momentum density should be proportional to the Bel-Robinson tensor
. However, we propose a new tensor
which is the sum of certain tensors
and , it has certain properties
so that it gives the same gravitational "energy-momentum" content as
does. Moreover, we show that a modified Einstein
pseudotensor turns out to be one of the Chen-Nester quasilocal expressions,
while the modified Landau-Lifshitz pseudotensor becomes the Papapetrou
pseudotensor; these two modified pseudotensors have positive gravitational
energy in a small region.Comment:
Double Inverse Stochastic Resonance with Dynamic Synapses
We investigate the behavior of a model neuron that receives a
biophysically-realistic noisy post-synaptic current based on uncorrelated
spiking activity from a large number of afferents. We show that, with static
synapses, such noise can give rise to inverse stochastic resonance (ISR) as a
function of the presynaptic firing rate. We compare this to the case with
dynamic synapses that feature short-term synaptic plasticity, and show that the
interval of presynaptic firing rate over which ISR exists can be extended or
diminished. We consider both short-term depression and facilitation.
Interestingly, we find that a double inverse stochastic resonance (DISR), with
two distinct wells centered at different presynaptic firing rates, can appear.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
On the modeling of low-Reynolds-number turbulence
A full Reynolds-stress closure that is capable of describing the flow all the way to the wall was formulated for turbulent flow through circular pipe. Since viscosity does not appear explicitly in the pressure redistribution terms, conventional high-number models for these terms are found to be applicable. However, the models for turbulent diffusion and viscous dissipation have to be modified to account for viscous diffusion near a wall. Two redistribution and two diffusion models are investigated for their effects on the model calculations. Wall correction to pressure redistribution modeling is also examined. Diffusion effects on calculated turbulent properties are further investigated by simplifying the transport equations to algebraic equations for Reynolds stress. Two approximations are explored. These are the equilibrium and nonequilibrium turbulence assumptions. Finally, the two-equation closure is also used to calculate the flow in question and the results compared with all the other model calculations. Fully developed pipe flows at two moderate Reynolds numbers are used to validate these model calculations
Detection, amplification and control of free-electron nearfields
We use SNOM-like optical fiber tips functionalized with plasmonic and metamaterial nanostructures to detect, amplify and control the near-field of free electrons in the spectral range from 450 to 850 THz
Gravitational energy from a combination of a tetrad expression and Einstein's pseudotensor
The energy-momentum for a gravitating system can be considered by the tetard
teleparalle gauge current in orthonormal frames. Whereas the Einstein
pseudotensor used holonomic frames. Tetrad expression itself gives a better
result for gravitational energy than Einstein's. Inspired by an idea of Deser,
we found a gravitational energy expression which enjoys the positive energy
property by combining the tetrad expression and the Einstein pseudotensor,
i.e., the connection coefficient has a form appropriate to a suitable
intermediate between orthonormal and holonomic frames.Comment: 5 page
Effect of Socio-Demographics, Health-Related Problems, and Family Structure on Chronic Absenteeism Among Children
Purpose/Background: From 5 to 7.5 million school children are chronically absent, defined as missing ≥15 days of school within a year. Students miss schools due to various reasons such as health, socioeconomic status, and environmental factors. We examined child’s health and behavior, family structure, and socio-demographics to understand chronic absenteeism.
Materials & Methods: The population included children ages 6 to 17 years from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) years 2008-2013. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify the risk factors of chronic absenteeism, adjusting for the complex sampling design.
Results: Among socio-demographic variables, age ≥14 years, race/ethnicity, lower-income family, public health insurance, US-born, and speaking English at home were associated with chronic absenteeism. Asians, Mexican Hispanics, and blacks have lower chronic absenteeism than whites. Among health-related variables, children using an inhaler for asthma, having behavioral problems, and less healthy than other children were more likely to be chronically absent. Among family variables, a smaller family size was a risk factor for chronic absenteeism.
Discussion/Conclusion: Asthma and behavioral problems were highly associated with chronic absenteeism. The identification of children at risk for chronic absenteeism will help the educational professionals identify the barriers to academic achievements and develop integrated educational interventions and policies to support disadvantaged children
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