Rural youth are more likely to be idle

Rural young adults, ages 18-24, are more likely to be idle, not in school, the labor force, or the Armed Forces than their urban counterparts. Among rural high school dropouts and racial-ethnic minorities, rates of idleness are even more pronounced

The new, longer road to adulthood: schooling, work, and idleness among rural youth

This report focuses on the education and work experiences of rural youth during the emerging adult years (age 20 to 24), as they make the transition from adolescence to adulthood. It documents how rural emerging adults combine work and school and experience idleness, closely examines their educational attainment, and compares their experiences with those in central city and suburban areas

Intradermal Anti-Prostaglandin Agents and Sunburn

Inhibitors of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis, indomethacin and aspirin, decrease and delay ultraviolet light-induced erythema when injected intradermally in humans and guinea pigs. Increasing amounts of inhibitor cause a more intense blanch with a longer duration demonstrating a dose response. Indomethacin was approximately 45 times more effective than aspirin. Indomethacin can cause blanching of UV redness if injected at any time from the period of irradiation to 18 hr after UV exposure. Triamcinolone acetonide was effective in preventing erythema in humans, but not in guinea pigs. The ability of anti-PG agents to decrease and delay UV-induced redness lends further support to a role for PG in the mediation of sunburn

Sawing the Air Thus: American Sign Language Translations of Shakespeare and the Echoes of Rhetorical Gesture

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) signed in1990 states that "no individual may be discriminated against on the basis of disability." The creation of anti-discrimination laws did not, however, legislate community understanding and equality of access. Focusing on access for the Deaf community to Shakespeare in performance, I am interested in developing both a theoretical and practical document. This document will explore the seemingly disparate fields of Performance theory, Shakespeare studies, Sign language studies, and Deaf studies in order to formalize a structure for interpreting text to create a communal experience for both Deaf and Hearing audiences. The virtuosity of Shakespeare makes his stories universal, enabling them to be translated into countless languages. Signed languages, as a part of the translation studies of Shakespeare, are often considered insignificant to the field because the interpretation into ASL is as temporal as a performance or is perceived by some to be limited to a small community of understanding. By formalizing a process of translation that uses elements of both ASL and gesture, not only does this research provide a structure for creating formal ASL translations, but reexamines the importance of rhetorical gesture in Shakespeare studies. I begin by providing an overview of my methodology and interdisciplinary approach to gesture, ASL, Shakespeare and performance theory. Next, I examine a historical and theoretical framework for gesture in both the D/deaf and performance communities. I go on to discuss the use of gesture (rhetorical, performance, and sign language) in production through an analysis of sketches, charts, and embedded video. Finally, I document my experiences as an interpreter in an original staging practices environment. This documentation illustrates the uses of the previously discussed elements converging in practice. This dissertation will serve as a first step towards practitioners, academics, and interpreters working together to fully interpret Shakespeare's texts and redefine the concept of access

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce human microvascular endothelial cellular effects in an alveolar-capillary co-culture with small airway epithelial cells

Background Nanotechnology, particularly the use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), is a rapidly growing discipline with implications for advancement in a variety of fields. A major route of exposure to MWCNT during both occupational and environmental contact is inhalation. While many studies showed adverse effects to the vascular endothelium upon MWCNT exposure, in vitro results often do not correlate with in vivo effects. This study aimed to determine if an alveolar-capillary co-culture model could determine changes in the vascular endothelium after epithelial exposure to MWCNT. Methods A co-culture system in which both human small airway epithelial cells and human microvascular endothelial cells were separated by a Transwell membrane so as to resemble an alveolar-capillary interaction was used. Following exposure of the epithelial layer to MWCNT, the effects to the endothelial barrier were determined. Results Exposure of the epithelial layer to MWCNT induced multiple changes in the endothelial cell barrier, including an increase in reactive oxygen species, actin rearrangement, loss of VE-cadherin at the cell surface, and an increase in endothelial angiogenic ability. Overall increases in secreted VEGFA, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 protein levels, as well as increases in intracellular phospho-NF-κB, phospho-Stat3, and phospho-p38 MAPK, were also noted in HMVEC after epithelial exposure. Conclusion The co-culture system identified that alveolar-capillary exposure to MWCNT induced multiple changes to the underlying endothelium, potentially through cell signaling mediators derived from MWCNT-exposed epithelial cells. Therefore, the co-culture system appears to be a relevant in vitromethod to study the pulmonary toxicity of MWCNT

Student Woodwind Quintet: Denise Klang, Flute; Diane Roessler, Clarinet; Eileen Snyder, Oboe; Patricia Waack, Horn; Adrienne Nescott, Bassoon; May 5, 1972

Centennial East Recital HallFriday EveningMay 5,19728:15 p.m

Examination of the itch response from the raphides of the fishtail palm Caryota mitis

The raphides in the mature fruit of the fishtail palm Caryota mitis Lour. were isolated by mechanical separation. These were shown by X-ray crystal analysis to be calcium oxalate monohydrate (Whewellite). The application of an aqueous suspension of the raphides to intact human skin results in an immediate, severe itch sensation. An investigation of this phenomenon appears to indicate that this is due solely to a mechanical action of the calcium oxalate needle and not to the previously postulated action of organic toxins or enzymes introduced through the skin by the penetrating action of the raphides.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23600/1/0000562.pd