45 research outputs found

    “Here comes Bio-me” : An analysis of a biobank campaign targeted at children

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    Finnish biobanks have started to recruit children. The national supervising authority has emphasized the centrality of providing children with age-appropriate information. We analyzed one such campaign. We argue that by simplifying the complex socio-technical arrangements of biobanking with the introduction of a new metaphor-like concept, "Bio-me," the campaign presents a misleading and reductionist picture of data-driven biomedicine and biobank participation. First, the Bio-me character seems to bear similarities to the seventeenth-century explanations of embryological development. Second, the focus in the campaign is on biological material while crucial connections to different sorts of data are ignored. Third, we point to the absence of verbal references to genes and DNA, although the prevailing visualization comprises the double helix. We argue that the campaign has potential to contribute to public misunderstanding of science by introducing a new term that has little connection to actual biology or scientific practices it tries to promote.Peer reviewe

    ‘The window of opportunity is closing’—advocating urgency and unity

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    Science and science policy are characterised by expectations. These expectations-as in the field of biomedicine-may be related to describing novel findings, their use in curing diseases or their economic benefits. Previous research has shown that expectations are often communicated with the help of metaphors. In this article, we take a closer look at one metaphor-'closing window of opportunity'-and examine how it frames discussions about policy and regulatory change in biomedicine through the lenses of urgency and national unity. A key component of the generative metaphor of a 'closing window' is the focus on limited time and a sense of urgency related to the creation of an enabling environment for biomedical research and innovations. We focus on two key elements of this framing: international competitiveness and national unity. Moreover, drawing on urgency seems to be a standard response to the changing environment, in which the actors need to continuously guide their actions in new directions, meeting new demands posed by, for example, technological development or regulatory changes. We argue that while the metaphor of a closing window creates room for innovations and competitiveness, it is prone to silence critical discussions, for example on sustainability, responsibility and accountability. This leaves out important discussions about values, benefits and risks. With this analysis, we contribute to discussions about the sociology of (negative) expectations and generative metaphors and show how urgency can remain as a constant state of things.Peer reviewe

    Questioning the rhetoric of a 'willing population' in Finnish biobanking

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    According to surveys and opinion polls, citizens in Nordic welfare societies have positive,supportive attitudes towards medical research and biobanking. In Finland, it was expected that this would result in the active biobank participation of patients and citizens. Indeed, public support has been rhetorically utilised as a unique societal factor and advantage in the promotion of Finnish biobanks, underlining the potential Finland offers for the international biomedical enterprise. In this paper, we critically analyse the use of notions such as ‘willing population’ and ‘engaged people’ in the promotion and legitimation of biobanking. First, there is a seeming contradiction between positive attitudes and actual participation rates, as biobanks have faced unexpected challenges in participant recruitment during the first years of their operations. As a result, the concept of a willing population was redirected to problematise the necessity of informed consent. Second, we question whether it is even meaningful to assume the existence of an informed and engaged population with regard to biobanking. Therefore, we suggest that it is problematic to talk about a willing population at the same time as the relevance of the informed consent system is being questioned by biobank actors and policy makers. We analyse this tension in relation to existing data on Finnish people’s attitudes, pointing out that positive, supportive views do not directly transform into high participation rates; nor do they justify the claims of policy makers and biobank proponents that people are willing to participate, when in fact surveys report that people know very little about biobanks.Peer reviewe

    Henkilökohtaisten terveystietojen hyödyntÀmisen oikeutukset : Onko vihdoin aika keskustella ehdoista ja rajoista?

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    Suomi pyrkii terveysdatan hyödyntÀmisen kÀrkimaaksi. Maamme valttina nÀhdÀÀn laajat ja kattavat terveyteen ja hyvinvointiin liittyvÀt rekisteriaineistot. Suomessa onkin tehty merkittÀviÀ panostuksia uusiin infrastruktuureihin ja lainsÀÀdÀntöÀ on pÀivitetty, jotta terveystietoja voitaisiin hyödyntÀÀ mahdollisimman tehokkaasti ja monipuolisesti. Kaikki tÀmÀ on tapahtunut ilman kunnollista julkista keskustelua. TÀssÀ artikkelissa esittelen syitÀ hiljaisuudelle sekÀ argumentoin, miksi keskustelua pitÀisi kÀydÀ. Keskustelua vaimentavat muun muassa vetoaminen yhteiseen hyvÀÀn sekÀ jaettuun kansalliseen tahtotilaan. NÀmÀ argumentit eivÀt jÀtÀ tilaa kritiikille, vaikka kysymykset esimerkiksi suostumuksesta ja eettisestÀ arvioinnista ovat ajankohtaisia

    Focus group discussions about genomic data. Report for the use of the Genome Centre working group

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    This report presents research findings from eight focus groups that discussed genomic data, their diverse uses, the risks and expectations associated with the data, and the establishment of a national Genome Centre. The discussions were held in four locations in 2017. The participants were people in different age, population and occupational groups. The concept of genome was unknown to many of the group members, but after having learned about it, almost everyone considered genomics research and the use of genomic data in healthcare to be a good thing. It was thought that genomic data can help to achieve better health and promote the common good. However, the discussions did not support the view that Finns would only be happy to give their data unselfishly for any kinds of uses. Motives for supporting genomics research were linked, in particular, to people’s own experiences of hereditary diseases. It was hoped that genomics research would help — if not the participants personally — then at least others in the same situation. The group members also set conditions and restrictions for the use of genomic data. In particular, the commercial exploitation of the data raised doubts. The return of benefits from commercial activity to Finnish healthcare or public health was considered especially problematic. It was also feared that inequality would increase and the healthcare system would have insufficient resources for the use of genomic data. Most group members hoped that they would be asked for their consent to the storage and use of genomic data

    Gruppsamtal om genomdata. Rapport för anvÀndning av arbetsgruppen för genomcentret

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    I den hĂ€r rapporten presenteras forskningsresultat frĂ„n Ă„tta gruppsamtal dĂ€r deltagarna diskuterade genomdata, olika anvĂ€ndningsĂ€ndamĂ„l för genomdata, risker och förvĂ€ntningar förknippade med genomdata samt inrĂ€ttandet av ett nationellt genomcentrum. Gruppsamtalen genomfördes pĂ„ fyra orter under 2017 och i samtalen deltog personer frĂ„n olika Ă„lders-, befolknings- och yrkesgrupper. Begreppet genom var frĂ€mmande för en stor del av samtalsdeltagarna, men efter att ha lĂ€rt sig mer om begreppet upplevde nĂ€stan alla deltagare att det Ă€r bra att anvĂ€nda genomforskning och genomdata inom hĂ€lsovĂ„rden. Deltagarna ansĂ„g att man med hjĂ€lp av genomdata kan uppnĂ„ bĂ€ttre hĂ€lsa och gemensamma fördelar. Samtalen gav dock inget stöd för uppfattningen att finlĂ€ndarna altruistiskt Ă€r villiga att lĂ€mna ut sina uppgifter för alla möjliga former av nyttoanvĂ€ndning. Motiven att stöda genomforskning har i synnerhet anknytning till egna erfarenheter av genetiska sjukdomar. Man hoppades fĂ„ hjĂ€lp av genomforskningen – om inte för sin egen del, sĂ„ Ă„tminstone för andra i samma situation. Samtalsdeltagarna framförde ocksĂ„ villkor och begrĂ€nsningar i frĂ„ga om anvĂ€ndningen av genomdata. I synnerhet kommersiellt utnyttjande av informationen vĂ€ckte misstankar. Överföringen av nytta frĂ„n kommersiell verksamhet till den finlĂ€ndska hĂ€lsovĂ„rden eller folkhĂ€lsan upplevdes som sĂ€rskilt problematiskt. Deltagarna bekymrade sig ocksĂ„ för ökad ojĂ€mlikhet och för hĂ€lsovĂ„rdsssystemets otillrĂ€ckliga resurser för anvĂ€ndning av genomdata. Största delen av samtalsdeltagarna ville bli ombedda att ge sitt samtycke till lagring och anvĂ€ndning av genomdata

    Health as the Moral Principle of Post-Genomic Society : Data-Driven Arguments Against Privacy and Autonomy

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    In Finland, as well as all over the globe, great weight is put on the possibilities of large data collections and ‘big data’ for generating economic growth, enhancing medical research, and boosting health and wellbeing in totally new ways. This massive data gathering and usage is justified by the moral principle of improving health. The imperative of health thus legitimizes data collection, new infrastructures and innovation policy. It is also supported by the rhetoric of health promotion. New arrangements in health research and innovations in the health sector are justified, as they produce health, while the moral principle of health also obligates individual persons to pursue healthy lifestyles and become healthy citizens. I examine how, in this context of Finnish data-driven medicine, arguments related to privacy and autonomy become silenced when contrasted with the moral principle of health.Peer reviewe

    Bioetiikkaa, koska muutkin tekevÀt sitÀ

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    Creation and domestication of global policy trends. The case of national bioethics committees / Jukka SyvÀterÀ. Tampere : Tampere University Press, 2016

    The Nordic Data Imaginary

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    The Nordic countries aim to have a unique place within the European and global health data economy. They have extensive nationally maintained and centralized health data records, as well as numerous biobanks where data from individuals can be connected based on personal identification numbers. Much of this phenomenon can be attributed to the emergence and development of the Nordic welfare state, where Nordic countries sought to systematically collect large amounts of population data to guide decision making and improve the health and living conditions of the population. Recently, however, the so-called Nordic gold mine of data is being re-imagined in a wholly other context, where data and its ever-increasing logic of accumulation is seen as a driver for economic growth and private business development. This article explores the development of policies and strategies for health data economy in Denmark and Finland. We ask how nation states try to adjust and benefit from new pressures and opportunities to utilize their data resources in data markets. This raises questions of social sustainability in terms of states being producers, providers, and consumers of data. The data imaginaries related to emerging health data markets also provide insight into how a broad range of different data sources, ranging from hospital records and pharmacy prescriptions to biobank sample data, are brought together to enable "full-scale utilization" of health and welfare data.Peer reviewe

    Yliopistokoulutus palvelemassa tiedettÀ, massoja ja markkinoita : tutkielma koulutuksen ja tutkimuksen vÀlisen suhteen heikkenemisestÀ

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    Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library.Vain tiivistelmĂ€. Sidottujen gradujen saatavuuden voit tarkistaa Helka-tietokannasta (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Digitaaliset gradut voivat olla luettavissa avoimesti verkossa tai rajoitetusti kirjaston opinnĂ€ytekioskeilla.Endast sammandrag. Inbundna avhandlingar kan sökas i Helka-databasen (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Elektroniska kopior av avhandlingar finns antingen öppet pĂ„ nĂ€tet eller endast tillgĂ€ngliga i bibliotekets avhandlingsterminaler.Tutkimuksessa kuvataan suomalaisten yliopistojen muuttuvaa tehtĂ€vĂ€kenttÀÀ ja niille asetettuja ristiriitaisia tavoitteita sekĂ€ selvitetÀÀn, miten kolme pÀÀkaupunkiseudun yliopistoa ja kolme erilaista laitosyksikköÀ toiminnallaan vastaavat muutoksiin. Erityispaino tutkimuksessa on yliopistojen perustutkintokoulutuksessa sekĂ€ koulutuksen ja tutkimuksen haurastuvassa suhteessa. Kuva yliopistoista ja niiden tehtĂ€vistĂ€ on muuntunut viime vuosisadan aikana eliitin tieteenharrastuksesta ja sivistyksestĂ€ ensin koko kansakunnan ja sen tasa-arvoisen hyvinvoinnin, ja sitten kaupallisen kilpailukyvyn ja talouselĂ€mĂ€n palveluun. Mutta yliopistot ovat yhĂ€ ensisijaisesti korkeinta opetusta ja tieteellistĂ€ tutkimusta harjoittavia instituutioita, joiden on tarkoitus palvella niin tieteen, massojen kuin markkinoidenkin tarpeita. Korkeimman koulutuksen suhde tieteeseen ja tutkimukseen erottaa yliopistot muista koulutusinstituutioista. Kuitenkin yliopistojen tavoitteisiin ja toimintaan lukeutuu nykyÀÀn yhĂ€ enemmĂ€n erilaisia ja vĂ€lillĂ€ keskenÀÀn ristiriitaisia toimintamuotoja, jotka monimutkaistavat koulutuksen ja tutkimuksen vĂ€listĂ€ suhdetta. Myös uudet koulutusmuodot, kuten ammattikorkeakoulut ja tĂ€ydennyskoulutus, muuttavat korkeimman koulutuksen suhdetta tutkimukseen. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan yliopistopolitiikan linjauksia silmĂ€llĂ€pitĂ€en koulutuksen ja tutkimuksen vĂ€listĂ€ suhdetta sekĂ€ analysoidaan tarkemmin kolmea pÀÀkaupunkiseudun yliopistoissa olevaa laitosyksikköÀ: Helsingin yliopiston sosiaalipsykologian laitosta, Helsingin kauppakorkeakoulun organisaatiot ja johtaminen -ainetta sekĂ€ Teknillisen korkeakoulun työpsykologian ja johtamisen laboratoriota. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu opetusministeriön ja muiden virrallisten tahojen strategioista ja ohjelmista sekĂ€ laitosyksiköissĂ€ tehdyistĂ€ 31:stĂ€ teemahaastattelusta. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittÀÀ, miten kolme hyvin erilaisessa yliopistossa olevaa laitosyksikköÀ toimivat ympĂ€ristössĂ€, jossa niille asetetaan ristiriitaisia ja monimuotoisia tavoitteita ja miten ne heijastuvat koulutuksen ja tutkimuksen vĂ€liseen suhteeseen. LĂ€htökohtana analyysissa on neljĂ€ erilaista tapaa tulkita koulutuksen ja tutkimuksen vĂ€listĂ€ yhteyttĂ€: opettajat opettavat sitĂ€, mitĂ€ tutkivat; tutkimusmetodien opetus; tieteellisen ajattelutavan opettaminen ja yliopistoa uusintava yhteys. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, ettĂ€ koulutuksen kĂ€ytĂ€nnönlĂ€heisyys ja tutkimuksen kaupallistaminen heikentĂ€vĂ€t koulutuksen ja tutkimuksen vĂ€listĂ€ suhdetta ja eriyttĂ€vĂ€t nĂ€itĂ€ kahta toimintaa toisistaan kaikissa tutkituissa laitosyksiköissĂ€. Myös yliopistopolitiikan linjaukset tukevat tĂ€tĂ€ prosessia. ElinikĂ€isen oppimisen politiikka siirtÀÀ korkeimman koulutuksen painopistettĂ€ pois perustutkintokoulutuksesta. Tutkimus- ja palvelutoimintaa yliopistoissa rahoitetaan lisÀÀntyvĂ€ssĂ€ mÀÀrin ulkopuolisella rahoituksella, mutta perustutkintokoulutuksen toimintaresurssit tulevat valtiolta. TĂ€mĂ€ tekee perustutkintokoulutuksen yliopistoille tutkimusta, jatkokoulutusta ja tĂ€ydennyskoulutusta kannattamattomammaksi tehtĂ€vĂ€ksi. Se heikentÀÀ myös koulutuksen ja tutkimuksen vĂ€listĂ€ suhdetta
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