Importance of Vata in Garbha Utpatti

Vata is described as a beholder of Yantra and Tantra. Yantra is whole body and Tantra is controlling of whole body organization. Vata has major role to play right from the time of conception to till one’s last breath. Vata also programs the fetal growth (Kruta Garbhakruthinam). So Vata along with many other components plays a major role in Garbha Angavayava Utpatti. The aggravation of Vata during pregnancy causes abnormalities in the fetus. By proper management of Vata during pregnancy results in healthy progeny, so there is a need to know the role of Vata in Garbha Utpatti

Significance and analysis of milia-like cysts in dermoscopy skin lesion images

“Milia-like cysts (MLCs) are dermoscopic structures frequently observed in seborrheic keratoses(SKs), which are the most common type of skin lesions. Diverse appearances of these skin lesions make them difficult to differentiate from melanoma, a deadly type of skin cancer. Classified by size into two main groups, starry MLCs and cloudy MLCs, the presence of these structures in a skin lesion has been known to help differentiate benign lesions from melanoma. Though the presence of cloudy MLCs is not exclusively associated with SKs, they can be a useful tool to differentiate SKs from melanoma. This research study determines the statistical occurrence of MLCs in benign vs. malignant lesions and presents models to differentiate them from the mimics. Various distinct features of these structures such as size, brightness relative to surrounding area, color and shape were used to mark them among the lesions in a training set. A logistic regression model was then used to verify the significant features differentiating these structures from the MLCs and resulted in an area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) of 92.4% for cloudy MLCs and 88.2% for starry MLCs. These models were validated by using a test set”--Abstract, page iv

Channel Sounding for the Masses: Low Complexity GNU 802.11b Channel Impulse Response Estimation

New techniques in cross-layer wireless networks are building demand for ubiquitous channel sounding, that is, the capability to measure channel impulse response (CIR) with any standard wireless network and node. Towards that goal, we present a software-defined IEEE 802.11b receiver and CIR estimation system with little additional computational complexity compared to 802.11b reception alone. The system implementation, using the universal software radio peripheral (USRP) and GNU Radio, is described and compared to previous work. By overcoming computational limitations and performing direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS) matched filtering on the USRP, we enable high-quality yet inexpensive CIR estimation. We validate the channel sounder and present a drive test campaign which measures hundreds of channels between WiFi access points and an in-vehicle receiver in urban and suburban areas

Normal categories of semigroup of order-preserving transformations on a finite chain

K. S. S. Nambooripad intoduced nornal categories to enable to describe the structure of regular semigroups fully. In this paper we describe the ideal categories of the regular semigroup $OX_n,$ of non-invertible order-preserving transformations on a finite chain $X_n=\{1\leq 2\leq \cdots \leq n \}$ which are normal categories. Further it is shown that the principal left ideal category of $OX_n$ as the power set category $P_o(X_n)$ of $OX_n$ and the principal right ideal category as $\prod_o(X_n)$ category of ordered partitions of $X_n$ and described the cone semigroup $T\mathscr L(OX_n)$ and prove that it is isomorphic to $OX_n.$Comment: 14 pages, 0 figure

Violating privacy through walls by passive monitoring of radio windows

pre-printWe investigate the ability of an attacker to passively use an otherwise secure wireless network to detect moving people through walls. We call this attack on privacy of people a "monitoring radio windows" (MRW) attack. We design and implement the MRW attack methodology to reliably detect when a person crosses the link lines between the legitimate transmitters and the attack receivers, by using physical layer measurements. We also develop a method to estimate the direction of movement of a person from the sequence of link lines crossed during a short time interval. Additionally, we describe how an attacker may estimate any artificial changes in transmit power (used as a countermeasure), compensate for these power changes using measurements from sufficient number of links, and still detect line crossings. We implement our methodology on WiFi and ZigBee nodes and experimentally evaluate the MRW attack by passively monitoring human movements through external walls in two real-world settings. We find that achieve close to 100% accuracy in detecting line crossings and determining direction of motion, even through reinforced concrete walls

Energy efficient radio tomographic imaging

pre-printIn this paper, our goal is to develop approaches to reduce the energy consumption in Radio Tomographic Imaging (RTI)-based methods for device free localization without giving up localization accuracy. Our key idea is to only measure those links that are near the current location of the moving object being tracked. We propose two approaches to find the most effective links near the tracked object. In our first approach, we only consider links that are in an ellipse around the current velocity vector of the moving object. In our second approach, we only consider links that cross through a circle with radius r from the current position of the moving object. Thus, rather than creating an attenuation image of the whole area in RTI, we only create the attenuation image for effective links in a small area close to the current location of the moving object. We also develop an adaptive algorithm for determining r. We evaluate the proposed approaches in terms of energy consumption and localization error in three different test areas. Our experimental results show that using our approach, we are able to save 50% to 80% of energy. Interestingly, we find that our radius-based approach actually increases the accuracy of localization

Monitoring breathing via signal strength in wireless networks

pre-printThis paper shows experimentally that standard wireless networks which measure received signal strength (RSS) can be used to reliably detect human breathing and estimate the breathing rate, an application we call "BreathTaking". We present analysis showing that, as a first order approximation, breathing induces sinusoidal variation in the measured RSS on a link, with amplitude a function of the relative amplitude and phase of the breathing-affected multipath. We show that although an individual link may not reliably detect breathing, the collective spectral content of a network of devices reliably indicates the presence and rate of breathing. We present a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of breathing rate, amplitude, and phase, which uses the RSS data from many links simultaneously. We show experimental results which demonstrate that reliable detection and frequency estimation is possible with 30 seconds of data, within 0.07 to 0.42 breaths per minute (bpm) RMS error in several experiments. The experiments also indicate that the use of directional antennas may improve the systems robustness to external motion