Influence of nutrition on productivity and chemical composition of khorasan wheat-triticum turgidum l. Ssp. turanicum jakubz

Khorasan wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. turanicum Jakubz.) the white awn population is the optional type of a high-energy grain. This study aimed to examine the influence of plants’ mineral nutrition on the chemical composition of Khorasan grain. The mineral diet used in the supplementary plant nutrition affected the total amount of dry matter and the chemical composition of wheat grains, increasing its nutritional value. At the time of harvest, Khorasan wheat grains contained 89.74% of dry matter, i.e. 10.26% of water, while in the variants with additional nutrition had less dry matter 86.90% and more water, 13.10%, which indicates an extension of the vegetation period of plants in conditions of enhanced mineral nutrition. Mineral nutrition, which primarily increased the amount of nitrogen, statistically significantly affected protein synthesis in plants. Khorasan wheat grains had 14.94% of total proteins in the control and 15.2% in variants with NPP nutrition. Plant nutrition did not have a greater impact on the synthesis of oils in the grains, starch, NFE, and mineral salts content. The supplementary nutrition affected the total amount of dry matter and chemical composition of wheat grain increasing its nutritional value

Ekonomski efekti proizvodnje ozime pšenice na poljoprivrednim gazdinstvima u Republici Srbiji za 2006. i 2011. godinu

Based on the comparative analysis of gross margins in 2006 and 2011, the economic impact of winter wheat production on farms in the Republic of Serbia was estimated. The subject of the analysis was variable costs for purchased seed, fertilizers, pesticides, and contract harvesting services. Based on the analysis of the gross margin for winter wheat, it was noted that the value of production (VP), total variable costs (TVC) and gross margin (GM) were significantly higher in 2011 than in 2006. In 2011, VP was higher due to a significantly higher yield and the higher price of winter wheat grain. In addition to higher prices of all inputs, the increase in variable costs was mostly influenced by the higher price of fertilizer. Comparing the two time periods in winter wheat production, it was concluded that the value of GM in 2011 increased by 30%.Na osnovu uporedne analize vrednosti bruto marži u 2006. i 2011. godini procenjen je ekonomski efekat proizvodnje ozime pšenice na poljoprivrednim gazdinstvima u Srbiji. Analizirani su varijabilni troškovi, koji su se odnosili na utrošak novčanih sredstava za nabavku semena, đubriva, pesticida i ugovorene usluge za žetvu. Na osnovu analize kalkulacija bruto marži za ozimu pšenicu konstatovano je da su u odnosu na 2006. vrednost proizvodnje (VP), ukupni varijabilni troškovi (UVT) i bruto marža (BM) bili značajno veći u 2011. godini. U 2011. godini veća VP uslovljena je značajno većim prinosom i višom cenom zrna ozime pšenice. Na povećanje varijabilnih troškova, pored viših cena svih inputa, u najvećoj meri uticala je cena đubriva. Poređenjem ova dva vremenska perioda u proizvodnji ozime pšenice, vrednost BM u 2011. godini bila je veća za 30%

Agroekološki uslovi i morfološko-produktivna svojstva krupnika

Experiments were conducted during 2011-2012, at three localities in Serbia (Valjevo, Nova Varoš and Nova Pazova). The seed of spelt wheat cultivar Nirvana was used, having been selected at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The objective of the research was to assess the effect of agro-ecological conditions on morphological and productive properties of spelt wheat grown on different types of soils. The effect of the locality was significantly expressed in all tested morphological properties of spelt wheat (plant height, number of spikelets, number of grains per spikelet), while meteorological conditions (year) affected spike length and grain mass per spike significantly. The average grain yield from all three localities was 3.20 t ha-1. A considerably higher yield was achieved on chernozem, locality Nova Pazova (3.89 t ha-1). The comparison of the grain yields from Valjevo (eutric cambisol) and Nova Varoš (grey forest soil) did not show any significant differences.Ispitivanja su sprovedena tokom 2011-2012 godine, na tri lokaliteta u Srbiji (Valjevo, Nova Varoš i Nova Pazova). Korišćeno je seme krupnika sorte Nirvana, selekcionisana u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se oceni uticaj agroekoloških uslova na morfološke i produktivne osobine pod različitim tipovima plodnosti zemljišta. Uticaj lokaliteta značajno se ispoljio kod svih ispitivanih morfoloških osobina krupnika (visina biljke, broj klasića, broj zrna u klasiću), a meteorološki uslovi (godina) su značajno uticali na dužinu klasa i masu zrna u klasu. Prosečan prinos zrna krupnika na sva tri lokaliteta iznosio je 3,20 t ha-1. Značajno veći prinos ostvaren je na černozemu, lokalitet Nova Pazova (3,89 t ha-1). Poređenjem prinosa zrna na lokalitetima Valjevo (gajnjača) i Nova Varoš (sivo šumsko zemljište) nisu utvrđene značajne razlike

Integration of CSR and SDG in creating added value of the textile industry

Socially responsible business entities (CSR) have reoriented their CSR initiatives towards environmental and social management. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are newer strategic tools that focus on addressing sustainability issues arising from increased production, consumption and disposal. Sustainability will be the most important directive in the near future, therefore, this paper aims to examine the cohesiveness between current CSR initiatives in the fashion and textile sector and the prescribed SDGs. The paper further highlights a case study of good practice of a clothing factory in the Republic of Serbia, which incorporates CSR and SDG above the prescribed regulations. The conclusions in this paper suggest several future research directions

Kvalitet i stanje semena pšenice (Triticum spp.) tokom skladištenja

The effect of storage on quality and condition of grain of three wheat cultivars (Ljiljana, Dragana and Simonida) selected in Serbia, was studied. Freshly harvested wheat was stored at 25°C for 12 and 20 months. Decreasing of the volume from 812.3 to 727.7 kgm-3 and absolute mass from 38.5 to 33.0% of wheat grain during storage was recorded. Grain germination in interaction of storage duration and temperature remained at the level above 95%. The interaction of studied factors exhibited no statistically significant effect on the changes in the degree of germination of wheat grain. The changes of the acid degree value (2.0- 2.4 ml 1(NaO)/100 g) were at the level of statistical significance. pH value of fresh samples of grain was 6.5 and after 20 months 5.5. The samples tested from the aspect of their glassiness were homogenous, the value of the coefficient of variation for storage duration was CV lt 10%, and for genotypes CV lt 18%. The storage duration of wheat grain mostly contributed to the increase of the acid degree value, and slightly less the genotype, as well as the interaction of these factors.Ispitivan je uticaj skladištenja na kvalitet i stanje semena pšenice za tri sorte (Ljiljana, Dragana i Simonida) koje su selekcionisane u Srbiji. Posle žetve pšenica je uskladištena na 25°C za 12 i 20 meseci. Zabeležen je pad vrednosti zapreminske 812,3-727,7 kgm-3 i apsolutne mase 38,5 - 33,0% tokom skladištenja semena pšenice. Klijavost semena u interakciji vremena i temperature skladištenja se zadržala na nivou preko 95%. Interakcija ispitivanih faktora nije ispoljila statistički značajan uticaj na promenu stepena klijavosti semena pšenice. Promene kiselinskog stepena (2,0-2,4 ml 1(NaO)/100 g) su na nivou statističke značajnosti. pH vrednost svežih uzoraka semena je bila 6,5 a nakon 20 meseci 5,5. Uzorci testirani na svojstvo staklavosti su veoma homogeni, vrednost koeficijenata varijabilnosti za dužinu skladištenja je Cv lt 10%, a za genotipove Cv lt 18%. Dužina skladištenja semena pšenice najviše doprinosi porastu vrednosti kiselinskog stepena, a nešto manje genotip, kao i interakcija ovih faktora

Productivity traits of rye (secale cereale), khorasan wheat (triticum turgidum, ssp taranicum mckey) and quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd) grown on degraded soil

The productivity traits of rye, khorasan wheat and quinoa on degraded soil were investigated in a three-year research (2010-2012). The research was carried out in two localities: Stanari (ST) (Bosnia-Herzegovina) and at "TENT 2" in Obrenovac (OB) (Serbia). A significant interdependence between grain yield and aboveground biomass yield was observed in the investigated genotypes and localities. The resulting average grain yields in these localities ranged between 1,166-1,702 kg ha-1 (rye), 1,826-1,943 kg ha-1 (khorasan wheat) and 520-966 kg ha-1 (quinoa). Fluctuations in grain yields were due to different soil conditions different nutrient contents and the distribution of precipitation at initial stages of crop development. This research confirmed that rye is a crop with minimum soil requirements and it can be successfully grown in poor soil. The second best biomass yield was obtained by khorasan wheat, while the lowest biomass yield was obtained by quinoa

Khorasan wheat population researching (triticum turgidum, ssp turanicum (mckey) in the minimum tillage conditions

Khorasan wheat occupies a special place in the group of new-old cereals (Triticum turgidum, ssp. Turanicum McKey). It is an ancient species, native to eastern Persia, that is very close to durum wheat by morphological characteristics. Investigations were carried out in agro ecological conditions of the eastern Srem, with two wheat populations with dark and bright awns as objects of study. The following morphological and productive characteristics were investigated: plant height (PH), spike length (SH), number of spikelets per spike (NSS), absolute weight (AW) and grain weight per spike (GW), seed germination (G) and grains yield (YG). Field micro-experiments were set on the carbonate chernozem soil type on loess plateau in 2011 and 2012. Hand wheat sowing was conducted in early March with drill row spacing of 12 cm. The experiment was established as complete randomized block system with four replications. Tending crops measures were not applied during the growing season. Plants were grown without usage of NPK mineral nutrients. Chemical crop protection measures were not applied, although powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) was appeared before plants spike formation in a small extent. The results showed that both populations have a genetic yield potential. In general, both populations manifested a satisfactory tolerance on lodging and there was no seed dispersal. Plants from bright awns population were higher, had longer spikes and larger number of spikelet's per spike. However, plants from dark awns population had higher absolute weight and grains weight per spike, as well as grain yield per plant. Strong correlation connections were identified among the investigated characteristics. The determination of correlations, as well as direct and indirect affects, enabled easier understanding of the mutual relationships and their balancing in order to improve the yield per unit area

Agroekološki uslovi gajenja i morfološko-produktivna svojstva heljde

The effect of different agro-ecological conditions on morphoproductive properties of buckwheat cultivar Novosadska was investigated during 2011-2012 at three different localities. The types of soil on which the experiments were conducted were as follows: the eutric cambisol - in Valjevo, the chernozem - in Nova Pazova and the grey forest soil in Nova Varoš. Agro-ecological conditions affected the growth and productivity of the buckwheat crops at all three localities. The highest yields per unit area were obtained on the chernozem-type soil (1.65 t ha-1), while the average yields on the less fertile soils in the hilly and mountainous regions of Serbia were 1.31 t ha-1 on the grey forest soil and 0.80 t ha-1 on the eutric cambisol. The results showed that buckwheat can be successfully grown on different soil types, since the experiments on all locations were carried out without fertilization, i.e. using the natural fertility of the soil.Ispitivan je uticaj različitih agroekoloških uslova na morfološkoproduktivne osobine heljde sorte Novosadska u periodu od 2011-2012. na tri različita lokaliteta. Tipovi zemljišta na kome su postavljeni ogledi su: gajnjača - lokalitet Valjevo, černozem - lokalitet Nova Pazova i sivo šumsko zemljište na lokalitetu u Novoj Varoši. Agroekološki uslovi na sva tri posmatrana lokaliteta uticali su na rast i produktivnost heljde. Najveći prinosi zrna heljde po jedinici površine dobijeni su na zemljištu tipa černozem (1,65 t ha-1), dok na zemljištima manje prirodne plodnosti brdsko-planinskog područja Srbije, prosečan prinos bio je 1,31 t ha-1 na sivom šumskom zemljištu, a na gajnjači 0,80 t ha-1. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da se heljda može uspešno gajiti na našim zemljištima, budući da su ogledi na svim ispitivanim lokalitetima izvedeni bez prihrane tj. na prirodnoj plodnosti zemljišta

Uticaj azota na prinos zelene biomase i suve materije Sorghum sp. vrsta po fazama rastenja

The paper investigated the production properties of three sorghum genotypes: NS-Džin (forage sorghum), Zora (Sudan grass) and Siloking (interspecies hybrid) in terms of different nitrogen rates used in side dressing in 2009 and 2010. The subject of study was green biomass and dry matter yield in the stages of intensive growth and tasseling. The results have shown that there have been significant fluctuations in production indicators between the genotypes. In the total average, the lowest yield was recorded for the Sudan grass (85.41 t ha-1). Significantly higher yields were recorded for the interspecies hybrid (90.22 t ha-1) and the forage sorghum (93.51 t ha-1). Although the effect of nitrogen rates depended on weather conditions, i.e. rainfall distribution, the optimal nitrogen rate in both years was 180 kg ha-1.U radu su proučavane produktivne osobine tri genotipa sirka i to: NS-Džin (krmni sirak), Zora (sudanska trava) i Siloking (interspecijes hibrid) u zavisnosti od upotrebljenih količina azota za dopunsku ishranu biljaka tokom 2009. i 2010. godine. Ispitivani su prinos zelene mase u fazama intezivnog porasta i metličenja. Između ispitivanih genotipova postoje značajna variranja u pokazateljima produktivnosti. U ukupnom proseku najmanji prinos dala je sudanska trava 85,41 t ha-1. Značajno viši prinos bio je kod interspecijes hibrida (90,22 t ha-1) i krmnog sirka (93,51 t ha-1). Iako je efekat upotrebljenog azota zavisio od vremenskih uslova, odnosno od rasporeda padavina, u obe godine optimalna količina azota bila je 180 kg ha-1

PRODUKTIVNA SVOJSTVA HELJDE I UTICAJ SKLADIŠTENJA NA FUNKCIONALNO STANJE ZRNA

Za procenu promene kvaliteta uskladištenog zrna heljde, primenjen je tretman veštačkog starenja u cilju ubrzavanja tih procesa. Ispitivana su biološka, fizička i hemijska svojstva zrna. Za ovu studiju, poljski ogled je postavljen u Topoli na zemljištu tipa smonica, po slučajnom blok sistemu u tri ponavljanja, sa veličinom parcela 120m2 tokom proizvodne 2022. godine. Ovu godinu obeležili su nepovoljni uslovi za proizvodnju heljde što je uticalo na prosečan prinos koji je iznosio 1,86 t ha-1. Nakon tri meseca skladištenja, klijavost zrna je smanjena za 6,6%, masa 1000 zrna za 0,81%, dužina zrna za 0,37%, širina za 0,22% i debljina za 0,59%. Ispitani parametri hemijskih svojstava su sniženi tokom skladištenja, sa izuzetkom sadržaja pepela, čija je vrednost povećana za oko 30%. Sadržaj vlage je smanjen sa 10,21% na 9,09%, proteina sa 12,1 na 11,46%, a lipida sa 3,09 na 2,78%. Vrednost pH se smanjila sa 6,74 na 6,63, a ukupna alkoholna kiselost sa 1,35 na 1,18. Rezultati ovih istraživanja mogu biti od koristiti opemenjivačima u procesu razvoja novih, poboljšanih sorti heljde, kao i prerađivačima koji za svoje proizvode koriste ovu sirovinu