Carrier-phase multipath in satellite-based positioning

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L'INFOMEDIATION DE L'INFORMATION EN LIGNE : LE CAS DES FILIALES FRANCAISES DE GOOGLE ET YAHOO

Si elle suppose une industrialisation avancée, l'information en ligne demande aussi la réunion de deux compétences différentes : une compétence éditoriale renvoyant largement aux médias et une compétence « technique », liée au support, qui renvoie à l'informatique. Cette dernière permet en partie de comprendre pourquoi des d'acteurs disposant initialement d'une forte expertise informatique ont pu progressivement s'engager sur le marché de l'information en ligne avec un objectif clair : se positionner sur l'internet en tant qu'intermédiaires entre l'offre et la demande d'information en assurant une fonction s'apparentant à la distribution. Google et Yahoo, déjà fortement présents dans d'autres domaines de l'industrie du Net, étendent désormais leurs activités à l'infomédiation de l'information en ligne, autrement dit à l'organisation et à la mise à disposition de documents numériques relatifs à l'actualité, triés et structurés par des algorithmes simulant une maîtrise de la sémantique. Alors que Yahoo cherche, tout en faisant valoir ses spécificités, à intégrer le système médiatique national, notamment au travers de relations multiples avec ses acteurs traditionnels, Google se superpose à lui en tentant de devenir un acteur incontournable. Pour les deux se pose, mais en des termes différents, les questions de leur complémentarité et de leur concurrence avec les acteurs médiatiques traditionnels

Social infomediation of news on Twitter: a French case study

Social infomediation is an emerging phenomenon that sees growing numbers of Internet users share and comment on news items on Facebook and Twitter. This study analyses a large sample of French-speaking Twitter users over a period of two months. First, we study some general characteristics of our sample’s usage of Twitter, such as timescale, productivity, hashtag, and URL distribution. We then compare the French online media agenda to the most shared and discussed news items in our sample in order to highlight similarities and differences. Our findings show that even though they depend on mainstream media coverage, Twitter user preferences often push political and technological stories that have been overlooked or even ignored to the forefront

INQUIRY BASED LEARNING ON TEACHING CONTROVERSIAL HISTORICAL ISSUES – AN ACTION RESEARCH WITH PRE‐SERVICE TEACHERS

Controversial Historical Issues are considered as an historical education topic which usually makes teachers feel uncomfortable to deal with pedagogically. A collaborative investigation is expected to be a suitable approach for teaching this kind of issue. This current research concerns the effects of an educational program for pre‐service teachers in their willingness to teach Controversial Issues through modern collaborative teaching practices. A six‐month program based on the basic principles of Inquiry Based Learning, related to Occupation‐Resistance‐Civil War thematic, has been implemented with fourteen pre‐service teachers. Data qualitative analysis showed that participants get familiarized with strategies and learning tools that help children draw valid conclusions, utilize source practices, and conduct their own enriched narrations about the controversial past. The major benefits and potential difficulties have also been revealed. After all, this training experience strengthens their perceived self‐efficacy since they acknowledge that a collaborative investigation is an effective approach to acquiring historical knowledge based on personal and group‐investigation processes.  Article visualizations

The correlation of technological and stylistic changes, and society, in the production of attic geometric and orientalising finewares

This thesis investigates stylistic and technological changes in the production of Attic Geometric and Orientalising finewares (c. 900 – 620 BC), and their relationship with society. The transition from the abstract motifs of the Early and Middle Geometric styles to the figurative representations of the Late Geometric and Orientalising styles are examined in conjunction with the technological advances in the ceramic chaîne opératoire, and the social changes that characterise these periods. According to previous studies, the social developments in the Athenian polis between the 9th and 7th centuries BC left traces in the archaeological record suggesting competition among different elite groups. This social competition was expressed through funerary rites, which were subject to continuous changes all across the Attic Early Iron Age. The consumption of decorated finewares in such rites and other important social occasions demarcated the social position of the consumers/users of fine decorated pottery, while ceramic styles adapted to accommodate the changing nature of social demands. An important manifestation of stylistic change was the dominance of the figurative style in pottery decoration during the beginning of the Late Geometric period (c.760 BC). The original hypothesis of this research project is based on the fact that decoration was only part of the total production sequence of Attic Geometric and Orientalising pottery; therefore, it could be likely that the social changes noted during these periods triggered broader advances in ceramic technologies employed for the production of such finewares. This thesis moves away from traditional stylistic approaches and employs a technological approach based on the chaîne opératoire theory in order to explore the behaviour of Attic Early Iron Age potters and their response towards changing consumption demands during an era of significant social transformations

Regulating dependency: The political stakes of online platforms’ deals with French publishers

At a time when the news industry is struggling to cope with the dominance of the advertising market by large platforms, along with recent crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, commercial deals and regulatory initiatives are becoming increasingly common. While there is ample space for regulatory interventions seeking to level the playing field between news industry stakeholders and platforms, we are concerned these might further cement the dependency of the former on the latter through co-regulatory frameworks that epitomize the capture of vital infrastructures by platforms. This article examines the three-year negotiation of French news publishers with Google and Meta, which concluded with four framework agreements being signed. For our analysis, we first look at the historical trajectory of how these deals were made possible, using secondary sources such as leaks, press releases and the French Competition Authority’s rulings; we then discuss their details and implications. We trace Google’s attempt to capture news media in France and discuss the asymmetrical power it has exercised over the news industry, and how the subsequent deals with Meta were affected. Finally, our case study shows that these frameworks are not sufficient to tackle systemic imbalances – despite their good intentions – because they fail to challenge the concentration of power by a handful of oligopolistic private companies and, thus, effectively leave it up to them and the free market’s idiosyncrasies to decide how they are implemented