Effectiveness of psychological interventions for smoking cessation in adults with mental health problems: A systematic review

Purpose: People with long-term mental health problems are heavier smokers than the general population, and suffer greater smoking-related morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the effectiveness of psychological smoking cessation interventions for this group. This review evaluates evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of psychological interventions, used alone or with pharmacotherapy, in reducing smoking in adults with mental health problems. Methods: We searched relevant articles between January 1999 and March 2019 and identified 6,200 papers. Two reviewers screened 81 full-text articles. Outcome measures included number of cigarettes smoked per day, 7-day point prevalence abstinence, and continuous abstinence from smoking. Results: Thirteen RCTs, involving 1,497 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Psychological interventions included cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing (MI), counselling, and telephone smoking cessation support. Three trials resulted in significant reductions in smoking for patients receiving psychological interventions compared with controls. Two trials showed higher 7-day point prevalence in intervention plus nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) versus standard care groups. Four trials showed that participants who combined pharmacotherapy (bupropion or varenicline) with CBT were more likely to reduce their smoking by 50% than those receiving CBT only. Four out of five trials that compared different psychological interventions (with or without NRT) had positive outcomes regardless of intervention type. Conclusions: This study contributes to our understanding in a number of ways: The available evidence is consistent with a range of psychological interventions being independently effective in reducing smoking by people with mental health problems; however, too few well-designed studies have been conducted for us to be confident about, for example, which interventions work best for whom, and how they should be implemented. Evidence is clearer for a range of psychological interventions – including CBT, MI, and behavioural or supportive counselling – being effective when used with NRT or pharmacotherapy. Telephone-based and relatively brief interventions appear to be as effective as more intense and longer-term ones. There is also good evidence for a strong dose-response relationship – increased attendance predicts improved outcomes – and for interventions having more positive than negative effects on psychiatric symptoms

Prevalence of cannabis use among individuals with a history of cancer in the United States

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/169277/1/cncr33646.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/169277/2/cncr33646_am.pd

Bibliography on smoking and health.

Vols. for issued as U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS publication no. (PHS)Vols. for issued as U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare. DHEW publication no. (CDC)Mode of access: Internet.Vols. for 1958/63- issued by the National Library of Medicine Library Services Division for the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health; by the National Clearinghouse for Smoking and Health; by the Health Services and Mental Health Administration; by the Center for Disease Control

Psychiatric inpatient unit. A good place for smoking cessation?

Introduction After the modification of the Spanish law of smoke-free places in 2010 (42/2010), the acute hospital psychiatric wards have become also smoke-free. This fact meant a radical change in conceptualization of tobacco consumption in mental health settings. The Mental Health-Tobacco group of the Catalan Network of Smoke Free Hospitals (XCHsF) promotes actions to raise awareness among professionals, and also motivational and cessation programs for hospitalized patients (PDT-SM). Methods The PDT-SM program offers to inpatients the possibility to participate in a tobacco cessation treatment at discharge, receiving free medication and psychological treatment for one year. During hospitalization, weekly information group is carried out and nicotine substitution is allowed. At discharge, interested patients follow a multi-component cessation program. Professionals involved in the program, assessed their implication, the produced organizational changes and the usefulness of intervention. Data for 2013-2017 inpatients is presented. Results 12 participating hospitals: psychiatric units (28.7%) and detoxification (68.2%). 315 included patients: 60.8% males, age: 46.7 (SD 10.0). Tobacco variables: Cig / d 26.5 (SD 12.4). Fagerström test 6,8 (SD 2.3). Richmond test 8.4 (SD 1.5). Carbon monoxide: 18.5 ppm (SD 14.4). Main admission diagnoses were: 48.6% alcohol, 16.8% cocaine, 11.7% affective disorder, 10.4% psychotic disorder. Pathological antecedents: 35.8% respiratory, cardiovascular or oncological pathology. At discharge 48.2% patients were derived to outpatient specialized smoking units. Follow-up results: 67.6% abstinent first week, 45.4% first month, 25.1% third month, 14.4% 6th month and 9.8% in a year. Professionals evaluated the intervention very positively and an increase in awareness to smoking intervention was observed. Conclusions Programs as PDT-SM facilitate to perform actions in order to promote smoking cessation in psychiatric units. And even more important, mental health professionals are more aware about the importance of smoking cessation in these patients. Funding The XCHsF is partially funded by the Government of Catalonia through the Public Health Agency of Catalonia (contract SA-2017-N111)

The Contribution of Clinic-Based Interventions to Reduce Prenatal Smoking Prevalence Among US Women

Objectives. We sought to estimate the effect of universal implementation of a clinic-based, psychosocial smoking cessation intervention for pregnant women